低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程的适应性反应

观察低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量、剂量率和时间效应。用诱导剂量(D1:25、50、100、200mGy,剂量率:12.5mGy/min;;D1:75mGy,剂量率:6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200mGy/min)和攻击剂量(D2:1.0、1.5、2.0Gy,剂量率:287mGy/min)照射Kunming雄性小鼠,D1和D2间隔3、6、12、24、60h。用流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞周期各时相细胞百分数。当D1为25、50、100mGy(剂量率:12.5mGy/min,D1和D2间隔6h),或D1为75mGy(剂量率:6.25、12.5、25mGy/min,D1和D2间隔3、6、12h),D2为1.0、1.5、2.0Gy,D2组与假照射组之比S期胸腺细胞百分数明显降低(p<0.05或p<0.01),而G0/G1和G2 M期细胞百分数明显增加(p<0.05或p<0.01);;但D1 D2组与D2组之比S期细胞百分数明显增加(p<0.05或p<0.01),而G0/G1和G2 M期细胞百分数不同程度降低。小鼠接受1.0—2.0Gy(287mGy/min)照射前3—12h受25—100mGy(6.25—25mGy/min)照射,可诱导胸腺细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

低剂量X射线和低浓度MMC、H2O2、CP诱导人血淋巴细胞、小鼠骨髓细胞和生殖细胞的交叉适应性反应

采用低剂量X射线（剂量10和50mGy，剂量率50mGy/min）和低浓度丝裂霉素C（MitomycinC,MMC)、过氧化氢（Hydrogen peroxide,H2O2）、环磷酰胺（Cyclophoshamide,CP）交叉作用，观察了它们诱导的离体人血淋巴细胞、整体小鼠骨髓细胞和生殖细胞染色体畸变，以探讨辐射与化学物质之间的交叉适应性反应。结果表明：（1）预先给予10mGy的X射线照射，3h后予以不同浓度的MMC（0．5、2．5、5．0mg/kg），可诱导小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变的交叉适应性反应；（2）预先给予50mGy的X射线照射，3h后邓以不同浓度的MMC、H2O2、CP，其中，辐射与MMC和H2O2之间可诱导小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变的交叉适应性反应，而辐射与CP之间未观察到交叉适应性反应，二者有协同作用；（3）预先给予MMC（终浓度为35ng/mL）处理，6h后给予1．5GyX射线照射，可诱导人血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的交叉适应性反应；（4）预先给予低浓度MMC、H2O2和CP处理，24h后给予1．5Gy射线照射，低浓度MMC和H2O2可以诱导抗X射线损伤的交叉适应性反应，而低浓度的CP不能诱导抗X射线损伤的交叉适应性反应，二者具有协同作用。提示X射线与MMC之间的交叉适应性反应不仅存在于整体的小鼠骨髓细胞中，而且在离体人外周血淋巴细胞中也可以诱生；低剂量X射线与低浓度MMC和H2O2之间的交叉适应性反应在整体的小鼠生殖细胞中可以互相诱导，但是，低剂量X射线与低浓度CP在整体的小鼠生殖细胞中未诱导出交叉适应性反应，二者有协同作用。     

低剂量X射线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

采用放射性配体结合法,观察了不同低剂量X射线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞糖皮质激素受体(GCR)表达的影响及75mGy全身照射后GCR表达的时程变化.结果显示,25、50、75mGy X射线全身照射后8h小鼠脾细胞GCR表达明显下降;75mGy X射线全身照射后4h GCR表达开始下降,8hGCR表达显著低于对照组.低剂量X射线全身照射可降低小鼠脾细胞GCR的表达,提示GCR表达下调可能在低剂量辐射免疫增强效应中发挥作用.     

X射线全身照射对小鼠胸腺细胞Cyclin B1和p34cdc2蛋白表达的影响

本文采用免疫组织化学法研究了低、高剂量X射线全身照射后不同时间小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1和p34^cdc2蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,与假照组相比,75mGy X射线全身照射后8h小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达开始升高,12h达高峰,48h恢复至正常水平;而2Gy照射后4h小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达开始降低,12h降至最低,24h有回升趋势,48h恢复至假照水平。p34^cdc2蛋白的表达,与假照组相比,75mGy照射后4～48h未见明显变化;而2Gy照射后的时程变化与相同剂量照射后CyclinB1蛋白表达的变化基本一致。提示：低剂量X射线全身照射可诱导小鼠胸腺细胞CyclinB1蛋白表达增强,从而促进细胞周期进程,但对p34^cdc2表达无影响;相反,较高剂量照射导致CyclinB1和p34^cdc2蛋白表达均下降,最终发生G2阻滞。     

X射线全身照射后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)表达量的变化

用L929细胞染料摄入法检测了小鼠受不同剂量(75mGy,2.0Gy)X射线全身照射后小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)表达量的时程变化及全身照射后24h的剂量-效应关系.结果可见,75mGy照射后3h,TNFα表达量有所增加,从6～120h,均显著高于对照组,12h表达量最高;2.0Gy照射后3～120h,不同时间点均显著高于对照,表达量最高点为12h.从剂量-效应关系中可见,经50mGy～2.0Gy不同剂量照射后,TNFα表达量均显著高于对照组,0.5Gy照射组其表达量最高,而经4.0Gy和6.0Gy照射后,TNFα的表达量显著低于对照组.提示一定剂量电离辐射可诱导巨噬细胞产生TNFα.     

X射线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞cyclin B1 和cdc2基因转录水平的影响

采用Northern blot杂交法研究了低、高剂量X射线全身照射后不同时间小鼠脾细胞cyclin B1和cdc2基因转录水平的变化。结果表明,75mGy X射线全身照射后2h及12－24h小鼠脾细胞cyclin B1 mRNA表达量略有升高,分别为假照组的1.25、1.27和1.22倍,48h回降至假照水平;而2.0Gy照射后4h开始下降,12h降至最低,与假照组相比降低了39％,48h恢复至假照组水平。同时观察了cdc2 mRNA表达量的变化,结果表明,与假照组相比75mGy X射线全身照射后2－48h的各时间点小鼠脾细胞cdc2 mRNA表达量未见明显变化;而2．0Gy照射后的时程变化与相同剂量照射后cyclin B1的变化基本一致。结果提示：低剂量辐射可诱导小鼠脾细胞cyclin B1转录水平增高,进而促进其细胞周期进程,但对cdc2转录水平无影响;相反,较高剂量辐射可诱导cyclin B1和cdc2转录水平均明显降低,最终发生G2期阻滞。     

低剂量X射线照射诱导体外EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡适应性反应及其可能机制

用 X 射线照射离体 EL-4 淋巴瘤细胞,其诱导剂量(D1)为25-200mGy(剂量率12.5 mGy/min),攻击剂量(D2)为1.5 Gy(剂量率287 mGy/min),D1和D2间隔6 h.通过流式细胞仪检测其细胞凋亡百分数及其相关基因蛋白表达水平.其结果显示,当D1为25-100mGy,D2为1.5 Gy;或D1为75 mGy,D2为0.5-2.0Gy,与D2组比较,D1 D2组细胞凋亡百分数有显著意义降低.当D1为25-100 mGy,D2为1.5 Gy,与D2组比较,D1 D2组Bc1-2蛋白阳性百分数不同程度增加,Bax 蛋白有显著意义降低,Bcl-2/Bax 比值有显著意义增高;p53 蛋白不同程度降低.其结果提示,在 D1 为25-100 mGy,D2为0.5-2.0Gy,可诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞凋亡的适应性反应,其相关凋亡基因蛋白Bc1-2、Bax 和p53发生的改变,与其细胞凋亡明显相关,可能在其适应性反应的机制中起到重要的调节作用.     

X射线全身照射对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞c-myc转录水平的影响

c-myc为即刻早期基因之一,其蛋白表达产物具有转录因子的作用。本文用原位杂交方法观察了小鼠受75mGy及2.0GyX射线全身照射后不同时间,腹腔巨噬细胞c-myc mRNA转录水平的变化。结果表明,2.0Gy照射组c-myc表达明显高于75mGy照射组,而且,2.0Gy照射后从30min到8h均有表达增强,16h和24h无表达,48h再次出现表达增强。     

小剂量辐射诱导淋巴细胞转化适应性反应研究

应用淋巴细胞丝裂原刺激后细胞~3H-TdR参入的方法,研究了小剂量丁射线照射(0～4cGy)诱导淋巴细胞转化功能的适应性反应;探讨了影响适应性反应表现的几个因素,即D_1剂量、D_2剂量及D_1和D_2照射的时间间隔。结果表明,体外培养24h的人外周血淋巴细胞在小剂量丁射线(0.5～4.0cGy)照射后,均产生了适应性反应,并以1.0cGy的γ射线照射所诱导的适应性反应最强。随剂量的增大,适应性反应减弱,说明了小剂量辐射诱导适应性反应存在着最适剂量范围。D_1(1.0cGy)照射后6,24,48,72h照射D_2(3Gy),结果表明24h的间隔适应性反应最强,这与照后细胞的增殖周期有关。1～7Gy的D_2照射,均可观察到适应性反应,而以3.0Gy照射后反应最强。D_2剂量过大,适应性反应不明显,剂量过小,适应性反应显现不充分,说明D_2剂量在适应性反应中亦有最适剂量范围。     

低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量效应

本研究采用X射线全身照射昆明系雄性小鼠模型,通过流式细胞仪观察低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的诱导剂量(D1、剂量)及其后攻击剂量(D2剂量)的剂量范围.动物随机分为假照组、D2对照组和D1+D2实验组.结果表明,D1+D2组胸腺细胞凋亡小体百分数不同程度地低于D2组,并且减轻G1和G2+M期阻滞,导致S期DNA合成的细胞增加;当D1达200 mGy时,不再诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应.本实验结果说明,D1在25～100 mGy(剂量率为12.5mGy/mim),D2在1.0～2.0 Gy(剂量率为0.287 Gy/min),接受D1和D2照射的时间间隔为6h,可在全身照射条件下诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的适应性反应.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.