Processing and characterization of Cf/SiC composites

Carbon fiber-reinforced SiC composites were prepared by precursor pyrolysis-hot pressing （PP-HP） and precursor impregnation-pyrolysis （PIP）, respectively. The effect of fabrication methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. It was found that the composite prepared by PP-HP exhibits a brittle fracture behavior, which is mainly ascribed to a strongly bonded fiber/matrix interface and the degradation of the fibers caused by a higher processing temperature. On the contrary, the composite prepared by PIP shows a tough fracture behavior, which could be rationalized on the basis of a weakly bonded fiber/matrix interface as well as a higher strength retention of the fibers. As a result, in comparison with the composite prepared by PP-HP, the composite prepared by PIP achieves better mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 573.4 MPa and a fracture toughness of 17.2 MPa.m^1/2.     

Microstructure and properties of SiC gradiently coated Cf/C composites prepared by a RCLD method

The SiC gradiently coated carbon fiber/carbon (Cf/C) composites were prepared by a two-step rapid chemical liquid depo-sition (RCLD) method. The microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning elec-tron microscopy together with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, bending tests, and oxidation tests. The experimental results show that the surface layer of the composites is composed of SiC, pyrocarbon, and carbon fibers. Their inner area consists of pyrocarbon and carbon fibers. The SiC content gradiently decreases with increasing distance from the outer surface to the center of the compos-ites. Furthermore, the thickness of the SiC layer increases with increasing tetraethylorthosilicate content and deposition time. SiC coatings have no significant influence on the bending strength of the composites. However, the oxidation resistance of the compos-ites increases with increasing thickness of the SiC layer.     

SiC/Si-W-Mo coating for protection of C/C composites at 1873 K

In order to prevent carbon/carbon composites from oxidation at 1873 K, an efficient oxidation protective SiC/Si-W-Mo coating was prepared by a two-step pack cementation technique. The microstructures and the phase composition of the as-received multi-coating were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is seen that the compact multi-coating is composed of α-SiC, Si, and （WxMO1-x）Si2. Oxidation test shows that, after oxidation at 1873 K in air for 102 h and thermal cycling between 1873 K and room temperature for 10 times, the weight loss of the SiC/Si-W-Mo coated C/C composites is only 0.26%. The invalidation of the multi-coating is attributed to the formation of penetrable cracks in the coating. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Processing and properties of 2D SiC/SiC composites by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis

Two-dimensional plain-weave silicon carbide fiber fabric reinforced silicon carbide (2D-SiC/SiC) composites were molded by stacking method and densified through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. SiC coating was deposited as the fiber/matrix interphase layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Fiber/matrix debonding and relatively long fiber pullouts were observed on the fracture surfaces. Additionally, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites with and without fiber/matrix interphase layer were investigated using three-point bending test and single-edge notched beam test. The results show that the fiber fraction and the porosity of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 27.2% (volume fraction) and 11.1%, and 40.7% (volume fraction) and 7.5%, respectively. And the flexural strength and elastic modulus of 2D-SiC/SiC composites with and without coating are 363.3 MPa and 127.8 GPa, and 180.2 MPa and 97.2 GPa, respectively. With a proper thickness, the coating can effectively adjust the fiber/matrix interface, thus causing a dramatic increase in the mechanical properties of the composites. Foundation item: Project(NCET-07-0228) support by the New Century Excellent Talents in University     

Microstructure and thermal properties of SiCp/Cu composites with Mo coating on SiC particles

SiCp/Cu composites with a compact microstructure were successfully fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing method. In order to suppress the detrimental interfacial reactions and ameliorate the interfacial bonding between copper and silicon carbide, molybdenum coating was deposited on the surface of silicon carbide by magnetron sputtering method and crystallized heat-treatment. The effects of the interfacial design on the thermo-physical properties of Si Cp/Cu composites were studied in detail. Thermal conductivity and expansion test results showed that silicon carbide particles coated with uniform and compact molybdenum coating have improved the comprehensive thermal properties of the Si Cp/Cu composites. Furthermore, the adhesion of the interface between silicon carbide and copper was significantly strengthened after molybdenum coating. Si Cp/Cu composites with a maximum thermal conductivity of 274.056 W/(m·K) and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 9 ppm/K were successfully prepared when the volume of silicon carbide was about 50%, and these Si Cp/Cu composites have potential applications for the electronic packageing of the high integration electronic devices.     

三维四向编织复合材料等效弹性性能分析

在确立三维四向编织复合材料数字化单胞力学分析模型的基础上，运用均匀化方法对三维编织复合材料的等效弹性性能进行了分析计算，并讨论了编织角和纤维体积含量对此材料等效弹性性能的影响。     

Preparation and anti-oxidation mechanism of mullite/yttrium silicate coatings on C/SiC composites

In order to enhance the oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites, mullite/yttrium silicate coatings were fabricated on C/Si C composites through dip-coating route. Al_2O_3-SiO_2 sol with high solid content was selected as the raw material for mullite and "silicone resin + Y_2O_3 powder" slurry was used to synthesize yttrium silicate. The microstructure and phase composition of coatings were characterized, and the investigation on oxidation resistance and anti-oxidation mechanism was emphasized. The as-fabricated coatings consisting of SiO_2-rich mullite phase and Y_2Si_2O_7 phase show high density and favorable bonding to C/Si C composites. After oxidized at 1 400 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ for 30 min in static air, the coating-containing C/Si C composites possess 91.9% and 102.4% of the original flexural strength, respectively. The desirable thermal stability of coatings and the further densification of coatings due to viscous flow of rich SiO_2 and Y-Si-Al-O glass are responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance. In addition, the coating-containing composites retain 99.0% of the original flexural strength and the coatings exhibit no cracking and desquamation after 12 times of thermal shock from 1 400 ℃ to room temperature, which are ascribed to the combination of anti-oxidation mechanism and preferable physical and chemical compatibility among C/Si C composites, mullite and Y_2Si_2O_7. The carbothermal reaction at 1 600 ℃ between free carbon in C/Si C substrate and rich SiO_2 in mullite results in severe frothing and desquamation of coatings and obvious degradation in oxidation resistance.     

The active-to-passive oxidation transition mechanism and engineering prediction method of C/SiC composites

This paper studied the active-to-passive oxidative mechanism of C/SiC composite under high temperature and oxidative conditions. An analytic model and computational method were established based on the process of gas diffusion in boundary layer and the equilibrium relations in surface chemical reactions. Simultaneously, an engineering equation to predict the oxygen partial pressure of active-to-passive transition was derived under the specific temperature zone. The results indicated that the active-to-passive oxidation transition of C/SiC is closely related to the composition of the material. At certain temperature and oxygen partial pressure conditions, the composite with high carbon content is prone to cause active oxidation which is negative to the oxidation resistance of the material.     

Preparation of TiAl/Al_2O_3 composites by combustion synthesis

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Tribological properties of TiAl-Ti3SiC2 composites

The tribological properties of TiAl-Ti_3SiC_2 composites （TMC） against Si_3N_4 ceramic ball pair at room temperature were investigated through the determination of friction coefficients and wear rates, and the morphologies and compositions of wear debris, worn surfaces of TMC and Si_3N_4 ceramic ball were analyzed. The experimental results showed that TMC with 15wt% Ti_3SiC_2 exhibited relatively excellent tribological properties. The solid-phase self-lubricating tribo-layers formed on the worn surfaces of both TMC with 15wt% Ti, SiC, and Si,NA ceramic ball, which was beneficial to the lower friction coefficient and wear rate.     

C/SiC制备过程中的碳化工艺及碳化后碳支架性能的研究

对C/SiC复合材料制备过程中碳化工艺进行了探索,包括碳化前造孔剂类型及质量分数的确定,碳化过程中碳化温度和碳化速度的确定等.用SEM和XRD分别对碳化后碳支架的孔道结构和相结构进行了分析,此外,也对碳支架的收缩率做了一定的测试.结果表明:选择造孔剂为淀粉且质量分数在14％～16％为最佳,碳支架的孔道包含孔道,微孔和大孔三种类型,碳支架的相结构主要为玻璃态结构的石墨,且碳支架的收缩率在长度和半径方向均一致.     

SiC／Al复合材料界面反应的热力学分析

为有效控制SiC／Al复合材料制备过程中的界面反应，分析了SiC／Al复合材料可能发生的界面反应，并基于Gibbs-Helmhohz方程式和化学反应的热力学平衡条件，应用基本热力学数据，计算了反应标准Gibbs自由能随温度的变化值．根据化学平衡理论，进一步分析了在界面上生成的Al4C3和MgAl2O4的热力学稳定性．结果表明：当界面上硅活度大于某一临界值A^0 Si时，界面上不能生成稳定的Al4C3，且A^0 Si随温度的升高而下降，在1000K时有一个跳跃；A^0 Si界面上生成MgAl2O4的反应过程以及生成物的比例，受界面Mg、Al活度的影响较大，存在临界A^0 Mg,A^0 Al和A^1 Al值，且这些值随温度的升高而升高．     

The effect of applied stress on damage mode of 3D C/C composites under bend-bend fatigue loading

The bend-bend fatigue behavior of 3D integral braided carbon/carbon composites (3D C/C) was examined. Fatigue test was conducted under load control at a sinu-soidal frequency of 10 Hz to obtain stress-fracture cycles (S-N) relationship. The fatigue limit of the C/C was found to be 203 MPa (92% of the static flexural strength), the lag loops of fatigue load-displacement were transformed from elasticity to anelasticity and the flexibility of specimens were enhanced with increase in applied stress. It is revealed that the interfacial sliding abrasion played an important role in the fatigue failure process, and the extent and speed of sliding abrasion were con-trolled by the level of applied stress.     

多向编织炭/炭的复合材料烧蚀性能

利用以星型交流电弧加热器为核心的地面模拟系统对三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀行为进行了考核,通过对材料烧蚀表面温度、形貌的在线实时监测及烧蚀后微观结构的观察,研究了该类材料的烧蚀行为.研究发现:三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀是热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀的综合作用,构件边缘区域以机械剥蚀为主,中心区域表现为热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀相互耦合,没有明确的分界;基体炭与炭纤维的抗烧蚀性能相差较大,炭纤维的抗热化学烧蚀性能、抗机械剥蚀性能明显高于基体炭,烧蚀后试件烧蚀表面仅剩下凸起的纤维束骨架结构;三维5D编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀性能表现出较强的各向异性,在轴向体现为单根纤维失去周围基体支持而发生剥离,抗烧蚀性能相比较好;在径向体现为烧蚀表面脱层,抗烧蚀性能相比较差.     

Al2O3／SiC（p）复合陶瓷力学性能研究

利用压痕强度技术系统研究了引入纳米、亚微米和微米粒径的ＳｉＣ颗粒对Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷力学性能的影响．实验结果表明，微米级ＳｉＣ颗粒具有相对较好的增韧作用，纳米级ＳｉＣ颗粒具有相对较好的增强作用．复合陶瓷试样的断裂韧性受残余热应力和裂纹偏折作用共同影响．ＳｉＣ颗粒引入可以改善复合陶瓷表面抛光质量，减小缺陷尺寸，从而提高了试样的强度．     

Monotonic tensile behavior analysis of three-dimensional needle-punched woven C/SiC composites by acoustic emission

High toughness and reliable three-dimensional needled C/SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI）. An approach to analyze the tensile behaviors at room temperature and the damage accumulation of the composites by means of acoustic emission was researched. Also the fracture morphology was examined by S-4700 SEM after tensile tests to prove the damage mechanism. The results indicate that the cumulative energy of acoustic emission （AE） signals can be used to monitor and evaluate the damage evolution in ceramic-matrix composites. The initiation of room-temperature tensile damage in C/SiC composites occurred with the growth of micro-cracks in the matrix at the stress level about 40% of the ultimate fracture stress. The level 70% of the fracture stress could be defined as the critical damage strength.     

三维连通网状SiC陶瓷/Zr基非晶复合材料单轴压缩性能研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对三维连通网状SiC陶瓷/Zr基非晶复合材料进行不同应变率下的动态压缩实验,并与准静态压缩实验结果比较.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了复合材料的相组成和断口形貌.结果表明:在压缩条件下三维连通网状SiC陶瓷/Zr基非晶复合材料的断裂发生在弹性变形阶段,断裂前几乎观察不到塑性变形;复合材料的准静态压缩强度达到了1 270 MPa,高于在动态压缩中的断裂强度1 100 MPa.试样发生纵向劈裂和剪切断裂,准静态下试样形成的破片数量较多,动态加载条件下试样破碎成数量较少的较大块体.三维连通网状SiC陶瓷断口形貌为层片状、台阶式的解理断裂,非晶合金发生粘性流动,在变形过程中形成脉状花样,在高应变率加载条件下,非晶热软化严重,断口形貌复杂多样.     

Ti3SiC2/TiB2复合材料的制备及其组织和力学性能

以2TiC／Ti／Si／0．2Al／TiB2粉为原料，采用热压烧结工艺成功制备了Ti3SiC2／TiB2复合材料。结果表明：不同TiB2含量的试样中主晶相为Ti3siC2与TiB2两相，没有发现其它杂质相；当复合材料中TiB2的体积分数为10％时，其硬度、抗压强度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性都有显著的提高。经热处理后，Ti3SiC2／10％TiB2复合材料的弯曲强度由367．5MPa     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure characterization of 3D stitched quartz fibers-reinforced silica composites

The mechanical properties of silica material in the monolithic form are ;far from acceptable levels. In this paper, 3D stitched quartz preform was used for the fiber reinforcement, and quartz fibers- reinforced silica composites were prepared by the silica sol-infiltration-sintering method. The density of the composite was up to 1.71 g/cm3 after 10 infiltration-sintering cycles. The flexural strength and the in-plane shear strength were 61.7 MPa and 20.3 MPa, respectively. The flexural stress-deflection curve exhibited mostly nonlinear behavior, which was different from that of monolithic ceramics. Because of the existence of the fiber in Z axis direction, shearing property between the different layers of 3D stitched composites were greatly enhanced. Toughness effect of the 3D stitched quartz preform was conspicuous. The as-fabricated composites showed non-catastronhic failure behavior resulting from weak fiber/matrix interface.     

固体/液体火箭发动机环境下3D C/SiC喉衬烧蚀性能实验

分别使用固体和液体火箭发动机实验系统对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的烧蚀性能进行了考核实验,主要研究了烧蚀时间、粒子和温度对材料烧蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着烧蚀时间加长,材料烧蚀性能有明显下降趋势;温度高于2 973 K时,烧蚀明显加剧,且温度越高烧蚀越严重;强氧化燃气环境下,大量的H2O加剧了材料的热化学烧蚀。