冰酒葡萄品种威代尔主要栽培措施筛选试验

为了探讨冰酒葡萄品种威代尔优质高效综合栽培技术，进行了不同架式、夏季修剪、适宜负载量、冬剪、越冬防寒等配套栽培技术试验研究。结果发现，株行距为0．5m×3m的小棚架产量和固酸比较高；夏季修剪果穗以上留10片叶摘心果实可溶性固形物含量较高；10月16日采收，果实含可溶性固形物22．86％，总酸1．01％。株产3．5kg，适宜的叶果比和枝果比为11．2：1和1：1．3；冬季修剪，结果母枝适宜剪留长度为单茅或双茅；覆土越冬防寒深度15cm和盖膜＋覆土10cm适于冰酒葡萄越冬防寒。     

巨峰葡萄控产优质栽培技术试验

为探明巨峰葡萄优质栽培技术的适宜控产措施,以4年生巨峰葡萄为试材,研究单位面积留梢量和新梢留叶片数对葡萄果实品质的影响.结果表明,10梢18叶(10梢/m2,18叶/梢)和新梢整形处理1(果穗上留4片叶摘心、3个副梢、每副梢留3片叶)两种调控方式的果实品质最好,其单果重分别为13.36g和13.94g,可溶性固形物含量分别为22.48%和22.04%,可滴定酸含量分别为0.545%和0.639%,Vc含量分别为6.249 mg/100g和6.547 mg/100g.通过两种不同技术措施提高了果实品质,基本上达到了优质果标准.     

结果枝留叶量对‘巨玫瑰’葡萄果实品质的影响

葡萄生产中,产量过高和结果枝留叶片较少可直接导致葡萄果实的品质降低。为了探索不同结果枝留叶量对葡萄果实品质的影响,本文以‘巨玫瑰’为试材,设置10片、15片和20片三个结果枝留叶量处理,并对不同发育时期的果实品质进行检测。结果表明,不同留叶量对成熟期果实的可滴定酸含量影响不大;10片留叶量会降低粒质量和可溶性固形物含量,导致果粒小且含糖量低;20片留叶量不利于果实着色和可溶性固形物积累;15片留叶量有助于葡萄着色和品质提升,是‘巨玫瑰’葡萄在果实生长发育期较适宜的结果枝留叶量。     

酿酒葡萄‘美乐’4个无性系在新疆玛纳斯的引种表现

新疆玛纳斯地区作为中国优质葡萄酒生产的一个重要产区,适宜其风土的酿酒葡萄品种在不断地引进与推广。本文对红色酿酒葡萄品种‘美乐’的4个无性系(美乐343、美乐346、美乐348及美乐181)在新疆玛纳斯产区的栽培表现和冬剪留节数进行了研究,调查探究了其植物学性状、结果习性、生物学特性、栽培技术要点。在冬剪时设置不同剪留节数,通过调查萌芽率,结果枝率及结果系数来探究适宜的冬剪截留节数。结果表明,该品种4个无性系性状相近,抗病性较强,生长势较旺盛;成熟时果实品质好,可溶性固形物含量较高,果穗紧实度适中,适于当地推广种植;短枝留节数控制在3节或4节为适宜的冬剪方式。     

水晶红葡萄不同负载量试验初报

本文以7年生的水晶红葡萄为试材进行了不同负载量试验,通过控制不同留穗量以及每穗葡萄相同的果粒数,研究了负载量对葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明:随着负载量的增加,葡萄果粒纵径、横径、单粒重、单穗重减少,成熟期推迟,每667 m2产量增加;可溶性固形物含量下降,可滴定酸含量增加,导致葡萄风味品质降低。综合试验结果,水晶红葡萄每株宜留10~15穗果,每667 m2产量控制在1500~2000 kg。     

不同产量水平对沪培1号葡萄果实品质的影响

以葡萄新品种沪培1号为试材,研究不同产量水平对果实单果重以及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、叶片叶绿素含量的影响,为该品种的配套技术优化和优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,产量水平对沪培1号葡萄果实果粒大小、果型指数、硬度和可滴定酸含量没有显著影响,但对果实的可溶性固形物含量有显著影响,随着产量的增加,果实可溶性固形物含量表现明显下降。此外,叶片的叶绿素含量也随产量的增加呈现下降趋势。综合上述试验结果认为,无核葡萄沪培1号的适宜产量为1000~1250 kg/667m2。     

山葡萄负载量对产量和质量的影响

对山葡萄进行单株负载量试验,结果表明:采用2.5×1.0m的行株距建园,随着单株冬剪留芽量的增多,其单株产量、果穗数量、果穗上的“小青粒”和果实总酸大幅度增高,但植株的萌芽率、果穗平均重和果实含糖大幅度降低。因此,适宜的冬剪单株留芽量为45~47个芽(眼)。     

酿酒葡萄威代尔越冬防寒试验

为了寻找在生产中既经济又方便和安全的葡萄越冬防寒方法,提高葡萄越冬抗寒性,以威代尔为试材,采用草帘+大棚膜、草帘+薄膜+覆土等8种防寒方法进行试验.结果发现,草帘+大棚膜可以替代覆土防寒,并优于其他几个处理.     

贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄适宜栽培架式与修剪方法的调查

对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄霞多丽、威代尔品种的两种树形进行了多年试验观察和栽培情况调查,认为:龙干形比斜干水平形更适宜酿酒葡萄合理密植;其株产不高,但单位面积产量不低,浆果可溶性固形物含量适宜,均一性好,并有利于树体健康、长寿,是贺兰山东麓生态条件下酿酒葡萄园首选树形。并试验观察了结果枝夏季修剪不同方法对浆果质量的影响,建议在浆果着色期慎重采用结果枝重短截和果穗周围强疏叶措施,有利于提高浆果可溶性固形物的含量和预防日灼病发生。     

不同水分处理对温室栽培红地球葡萄果实发育及品质的影响

为了研究节水处理和大水漫灌对日光温室延后栽培的红地球葡萄产量和品质的影响,设计了CK(1.02m3/株)、JS1(0.68m3/株)、JS2(0.51m3/株)3种灌水处理,生长期间测定红地球葡萄的果实纵横径大小,采收前测定粒重、可溶性固形物含量和硬度.结果表明,与CK相比,JS1、JS2在果实膨大率、果粒重、可溶性固形物含量、果实硬度上没有显著性差异.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the