氯盐浸出硫化银之研究

用电位—log[Cl~-]图分析高铁氯盐体系浸出硫化银的热力学可能性。用试剂硫化银进行的动力学实验考察了粒度、浸出剂初始pH值、氯离子浓度、高铁离子浓度和温度等对银浸出率的影响。结果表明,浸出过程很好地符合“未反应芯”动力学模型,求得的表观活化能为56.24千焦/摩尔,得到动力学方程式为:1-2/3R-(1-R)2/3=1.02×10_(-4)r_0~(-2)[H~+]~(0.36)[Cl~-]~3[Fe(Ⅲ)]exp(-56240/RT)t,过程受固膜扩散控制。     

Ida~（2-）-H_2O体系浸出低品位氧化锌矿

采用Ida2--H2O体系（亚氨二乙酸盐水溶液）处理高碱性脉石型低品位氧化锌矿,考察浸出时间、液固比、配体总浓度、温度及pH值对矿物中主金属Zn及杂质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Ni、Fe、Pb、Cd的溶出影响。结果表明：在弱碱性Ida2--H2O体系中,Ca、Mg、Fe不会被大量溶出,有价金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd可部分随主金属Zn溶出而进入浸出液;在浸出时间4h、液固比5：1、配体总浓度0.9mol/L、温度70℃、pH8的优化条件下,锌浸出率为76.6%。     

低品位氧化铜矿氨-硫酸铵体系过硫酸铵氧化浸出

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,研究低品位氧化铜矿在氨-硫酸铵体系氧化浸出工艺。讨论氨/铵离子摩尔比、总氨浓度,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵的浓度,反应温度,液固比,反应时间和搅拌速度等操作条件对铜浸出的影响。结果表明:在92.8%的矿样粒径小于0.045 mm,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵浓度分别为2.4、1.8和0.100 mol/L,浸出时间为90 min,温度为30℃,液固比(mL/g)为5:1,搅拌速度为500 r/min时的优化条件下,低品位铜矿的铜浸出率达87.7%。     

氯化银在含氯离子的亚硫酸钠溶液中的浸出研究

利用配位化学理论,研究了pH值、亚硫酸钠浓度、氯离子浓度对亚硫酸钠浸出氯化银的影响.结果表明:pH值的增大和亚硫酸钠浓度的提高,使与银配位的亚硫酸根离子增多,从而氯化银的溶解度明显提高;在亚硫酸钠循环浸出氯化银的过程中,溶液中不断积累的氯离子导致浸银效果逐渐变差.结合工业生产,确定了亚硫酸钠浓度为2mol/L,控制每次浸出液中银的浓度为30g/L时,亚硫酸钠溶液可以循环浸出氯化银11次.     

Simulated small-scale pilot heap leaching of low-grade copper sulfide ore with selective extraction of copper

The bioleaching of low-grade copper sulfide ore and the selective extraction of copper were investigated. Lix984 dissolved in kerosene was used as extractant. The results show that it is possible to selectively leach copper from the ores by heap leaching. The copper concentration of leaching liquor after 250 d is 2.17 g/L, and the copper concentration is 0.27 g/L after solvent extraction. The leach liquor was subjected to solvent extraction, scrubbing and selective stripping for the enrichment of copper and the removal of impurities. The pregnant copper sulfate solution produced from the stripping cycle is suitable for copper electro-winning.     

氯离子浓度对氨水浸出氯化银的影响

作者利用配合物化学理论,对氯化银在氨水中的溶解度进行一系列计算,结果表明氨水浸出氯化银时,氨浓度、pH值、氯离子浓度对氯化银溶解度都有影响.氯化银的溶解度随氨浓度的增大而增大;在7.7＜pH＜11时,氯化银的溶解度随pH值的增大而增大,且最佳浸银的pH = 11;在氨水体系中氯离子浓度相对较小时,氯化银的溶解度随氯离子浓度的增大而减小;其中,氯离子浓度对氯化银溶解度的影响尤为重要.基于氯离子的影响,再联系实际生产,得出工业上氨水浸出AgCl的溶液不能循环使用的直接原因是溶液中Cl-的不断积累.     

Ida~(2-)-H_2O体系浸出低品位氧化锌矿(英文)

采用Ida2--H2O体系(亚氨二乙酸盐水溶液)处理高碱性脉石型低品位氧化锌矿,考察浸出时间、液固比、配体总浓度、温度及pH值对矿物中主金属Zn及杂质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Ni、Fe、Pb、Cd的溶出影响。结果表明:在弱碱性Ida2--H2O体系中,Ca、Mg、Fe不会被大量溶出,有价金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd可部分随主金属Zn溶出而进入浸出液;在浸出时间4h、液固比5:1、配体总浓度0.9mol/L、温度70℃、pH8的优化条件下,锌浸出率为76.6%。     

Thermodynamic analysis on sodium carbonate decomposition of calcium molybdenum

According to the principle of mass balances and thermodynamic data, 1g [Me]-pH diagrams （Me=Ca, Mo） for Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system at 25 ℃ were presented with total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations of 0.01 mol/L and 1 mol/L, and 1g [Me]-pH diagram for Ca-Mo-H2O system at 25 ℃ was also depicted. The effects of system pH value and total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations on the concentrations of the species in Ca-Mo-CO3-H2O system were studied. The results show that the stability region of CaMoO4 reduces significantly in the presence of sodium carbonate. In order to achieve effective leaching of molybdenum from CaMoO4, a certain concentration of sodium carbonate is necessary. High total dissolved carbon-containing ions concentrations and high pH values facilitate to the leaching of CaMoO4 and dissolved sodium carbonate is an efficient leaching agent for decomposing CaMoO4.     

铅阳极泥脱砷预处理研究

采用氢氧化钠溶液循环浸出法对铅阳极泥进行预脱砷,考察了液固比、氢氧化钠浓度、浸出温度和浸出时间对脱砷效果的影响;在液固比10∶1、氢氧化钠浓度2.5 mol/L、浸出温度80℃、浸出时间8 h的条件下,砷的浸出率可达94%以上;含砷浸出液经硫化钠沉砷后可返回浸出工序循环使用,硫化钠与砷质量比为3∶1时,沉砷率可达88%以上,同时回用浸出工序后,砷浸出率达94%以上,浸出液循环使用对脱砷没有影响。     

硫酸铵焙烧法浸出镍磁黄铁矿中有价金属

将镍磁黄铁矿与(NH4)2SO4混合后在高温下焙烧,考察(NH4)2SO4用量、浸出温度、浸出时间和稀硫酸浸出液的pH值对焙烧产物中金属元素浸出率的影响,并在氨水-(NH4)2SO4混合溶液中浸出焙烧产物。结果表明:在不同情况下,Ni和Cu的浸出率较高,Mg和Fe的浸出率较低;氨性溶液有利于Ni和Cu的浸出,总氨浓度为7 mol/L时,Ni和Cu的浸出率分别为89.56%和79.35%;低pH值的稀硫酸溶液有利于Mg和Fe的浸出,pH值为0.5时,Mg和Fe的浸出率分别为61.39%和62.56%。由扫描电镜-能谱分析和XRD分析可知,矿样中Ni和Cu大部分被浸出;由于焙烧产物中部分Mg和Fe以铁酸钙和硅酸镁等形态存在,Mg和Fe的浸出率较低。     

Extraction of niobium from sulfate leach liquor of Egyptian ore sample by triazoloquinazolinone

The refractory niobium bearing minerals, Samarskite, Fergusonite, Betafite and Pyrochlore of the ore sample obtained from Kadabora, Egypt, was subjected to sulfuric acid leaching using acid concentrations varied from 17.6 to 4.5 mol/ L. The extraction of niobium from the sulfate leach liquors was done using the synthesized 8,9-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin- 6(7H)-one dissolved in methylene chloride. It has been found that extraction efficiency of 84% was achieved by contacting equal volumes of 0.32% extractant with 4.5 mol/L sulfate solution for 15 min. The stripping was performed by 0.5 mol/L HF with efficiency of 86.7%.     

Recovery of Co（Ⅱ） and Ni（ Ⅱ） from hydrochloric acid solution of alloy scrap

A hydrometallurgical process was developed for recovery of nickel and cobalt from the hydrochloric acid leaching solution of alloy scraps. The process consists of five maj or unit operations： 1） leaching with 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid under the L/S ratio of 10：1 at 95 ℃ for 3 h; 2） copper replacement by iron scraps under pH value of 2.0 at 80 ℃, and stirring for 1 h, 3） removal of iron and chromium by chemical precipitation： iron removal under pH value of 2.0 at 90 ℃ by dropwise addition of sodium chlorate and 18% sodium carbonate solution, then chromium removal under pH value of 4.0 at 70 ℃ by addition of nickel carbonate solution, stirred by air flow for 2 h; 4） selective separation of cobalt from nickel by extraction using 30% trialkyl amine＋50% kerosene （volume fraction） and tri-n-butylphosphate （TBP） as a phase modifier with the O/A ratio of 2：1, and stripping of cobalt with 0.01 mol/L HCl; 5） crystallization of nickel chloride and electrodeposition of cobalt. It is found that the nickel recovery of 95% and the cobalt recovery of approximately 60% with purity over 99.9% are obtained by this process.     

Alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory Au-Ag ore for improved cyanidation

This paper presents the alkaline sulfide pretreatment of an antimonial refractory gold and silver ore. In the ore, gold occurs mainly as gold-silver alloys and as associated with quartz and framboidal pyrite grains, and, to a small extent, as the inclusions within antimonial sulfides. Silver is present extensively as antimonial sulfides such as andorite. Alkaline sulfide pretreatment was shown to allow the decomposition of the antimonial sulfide minerals (up to 98% Sb removal) and to remarkably improve the amenability of gold (e.g., from <49% up to 83%) and silver (e.g., from <18% up to 90%) to subsequent cyanide leaching. An increase in reagent concentration (1–4 mol/L Na₂S or NaOH) and temperature (20–80°C), and a decrease in particle size seem to produce an enhancing effect on metal extraction. These findings suggest that alkaline sulfide leaching can be suitably used as a chemical pretreatment method prior to the conventional cyanidation for antimonial refractory gold and silver ores.     

铂钯精矿中氯化银的浸出预处理研究

铜阳极泥分铜液所得铂钯精矿中的银主要以氯化银(AgCl)形态存在,可用氨水或亚硫酸钠作为浸出剂去除银。绘制了Ag⁺与NH₃、SO₃^2-配体组分图,结合电位-pH图分析表明,氨浸的pH值范围为7.7～13.5,亚硫酸钠浸出宜在中性或碱性条件下进行。优化条件实验结果表明,银的氨浸浸出率为95.3%,碲浸出率为14.9%,有微量铂、钯浸出;以亚硫酸钠为浸出剂,银的浸出率为97.3%,碲浸出率为11.5%,金、铂和钯均不被浸出。亚硫酸钠更适于作为铂钯精矿预处理除银的浸出剂。     

含铜砷的铜电解黑泥氧化酸浸-硫化沉淀分离和回收铜

开发从含铜砷的铜电解黑泥中分离和回收铜的湿法冶金新工艺.该工艺包括黑泥氧化酸浸和浸出液中选择性硫化沉铜两个步骤.研究各种工艺参数对铜和砷的浸出和沉淀的影响.在第一阶段中,最佳工艺条件为:初始H2SO4浓度为1.0 mol/L,液固比为10 mL/g,80℃下连续浸出4 h.此条件下铜浸出率可达95.2％,砷浸出率为97...     

Coupling leaching of sphalerite concentrate

Coupling process of sphalerite concentrate leaching in H2SO4-HNO3 and tetrachloroethylene extracting of sulfur was investigated. Effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, mass ratio of liquid to solid and tetrachloroethylene addition on zinc leaching processes were examined separately. SEM images of sphalerite concentrate and residues were performed by using JEM-6700F field emission scanning electron microscope. The relationship between the number of recycling and extraction ratio of zinc was studied. The results indicate that 99.6% zinc is obtained after leaching for 3 h at 85℃ and pressure of 0.1MPaO2, with 20g sphalerite concentrate in 200 mL leaching solution containing 2.0mol/L H2SO4 and 0.2mol/L HNO3, in the presence of 10 mL C2Cl4. The leaching time of zinc is 50% shorter than that in the common leaching. The coupling effect is distinct. The recycled C2Cl4 exerts little influence on extraction ratio of zinc.     

钢铁厂烧结机头灰中铅的配位浸出行为与综合回收

针对钢铁厂烧结机头灰中富含铅、铁、碳、钾、氯等多种有价元素的特点,根据氯离子与铅配位的特性,采用配位浸出的方式实现铅与铁、碳等元素的选择性分离回收。SEM-EDS、XRD等研究分析表明,烧结机头灰中铅主要以絮状的KPb₂Cl₅等物相吸附于铁氧化合物、硅铝酸盐和碳颗粒表面,铁主要以Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄物相存在。实验考察了溶液pH值、温度、氯离子浓度、浸出时间和液固比等因素对铅浸出率的影响。研究表明,在溶液pH值为3.0,浸出温度为80℃,氯离子浓度为6 mol/L,液固比(mL/g)为10:1,浸出时间为2 h的优化条件下,烧结机头灰中铅化合物与氯发生配位溶解反应生成PbCl_i^2-i(i=1～4)等易溶解的络合离子,实现铅的浸出,铅浸出率为95.7%;而烧结机头灰中对钢铁冶炼有用的铁、碳、硅、铝等元素不被浸出,富集在浸出渣中,较好地实现了选择性浸出。浸出液中的铅经冷却结晶、洗涤纯化后,获得纯度为99%的氯化铅产品...     

LK-C2从废线路板酸性浸出液中萃取回收铜

以LK-C2为萃取剂,从废弃线路板酸性浸出液中选择性萃取回收铜,分别研究杂质阳离子、阴离子、pH值、萃取时间、萃取剂浓度和相比(O/A)对萃取效果的影响。结果表明:采用LK-C2从废线路板酸性浸出液中可选择性萃取分离铜,铜/铁分离系数超过2000,溶液中锌和锡几乎不被萃取;随萃取平衡pH值的增大,铜的萃取率升高;随萃取剂在有机相中浓度增加和相比增加,铜回收率增大;阴离子NO3-、SO42-和Cl-对萃取无明显影响。萃取剂每从溶液中萃取1mol铜,将置换2mol氢离子。室温下LK-C2萃取铜的最佳工艺条件:LK-C2体积浓度为15%,相比O/A为1:1,水相初始pH为2.00,萃取时间为10min。在优化条件下,一级萃取率达99.78%;用2.00mol/L硫酸溶液对负载有机相进行反萃,经三级逆流反萃,铜的反萃率达到97.51%。     

Review of gold leaching in thiosulfate-based solutions

Numerous non-cyanide leaching lixiviants have been developed, among which thiosulfate is considered the most promising alternative to cyanide due to its non-toxicity, low price, high leaching rate and excellent characteristics in dealing with carbonaceous and copper-bearing gold ores. The traditional copper−ammonia−thiosulfate system has been studied extensively. However, with many years of process development, there are still some problems and challenges with this gold leaching system. A series of studies using nickel-, cobalt- and ferric-based catalyst to substitute copper have been conducted with the purpose of reducing the consumption of thiosulfate. A variety of non-ammonia thiosulfate leaching systems including oxygen−thiosulfate, copper−thiosulfate, copper−EDA−thiosulfate, ferric− EDTA−thiosulfate, and ferric−oxalate−thiosulfate leaching systems have been also developed to eliminate the potential side-effect of ammonia. In this review, the basic theory and process development of some main gold leaching systems based on thiosulfate solutions were systematically summarized to illustrate the research status on thiosulfate leaching process. The potential effects of various additives such as organic ligands containing amino, carboxyl or hydroxy functional groups on gold thiosulfate leaching were described in detail. The potential opportunity and challenge for promoting the industrial development of thiosulfate-based gold leaching systems were also discussed.     

铜-氨-硫代硫酸盐体系金溶出影响因素的电化学研究

铜-氨-硫代硫酸盐浸金体系中，金的溶出本质上是电化学过程。采用交流阻抗和Tafel曲线分析硫代硫酸盐、铜离子、氨浓度对金的溶出影响。结果表明:在金的溶出过程中，硫代硫酸盐和铜离子可能会导致钝化，尤其使铜离子浓度增大会导致钝化加剧，这种钝化会交替出现；氨水不会导致钝化；对金溶出速率的影响，硫代硫酸盐最大，铜离子最为复杂，氨影响相对最小。