平行双关节坐标测量机的测量模型及误差分析

介绍了平行双关节坐标测量机的测量原理及结构,根据Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立了测量机的理想测量模型,并通过几何作图法对该模型进行了验证。在该测量模型的基础上,运用微分方法建立了测头中心坐标与各参数之间的误差模型,并通过计算机仿真验证了该误差模型的正确性。分析结果为进一步进行误差分离、补偿、标定奠定了基础。     

三坐标机测量齿轮齿廓的不确定度评价

介绍了坐标测量中几种常用的不确定度评价方法.指出传统的三坐标测量机的测量不确定度评价方法大都不适用于评价坐标测量中面向对象的测量不确定度,并对使用蒙特卡洛方法评价测量不确定度进行了研究.首先,根据三坐标测量机详细标定文件及补偿策略说明建立测量模型.然后,将测量中的采样点通过测量模型生成大量测量结果,并以此评价测量不确定度.在齿廓评价实验中,评定齿廓误差的测量不确定度为0.96 μm时,多次评价结果之间的最大差值不超过0.03 μm,具有可靠的理论依据和较稳定的评定结果.文章指出,目前商用三坐标测量机大都不能为特定的测量对象提供测量不确定度报告,使用蒙特卡洛方法有希望改变此现状.     

坐标测量机测量端面距离的不确定度评定

以坐标测量机端面距离测量为例,全面分析测量全过程中影响测量结果不确定度的主要因素,建立坐标测量机测量端面距离的不确定度数学模型;利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟方法进行仿真,得到被测参数的测量不确定度,给出了完整的测量结果,提升了坐标测量机的应用价值。将蒙特卡罗模拟方法评定结果与测量不确定度表示指南给出方法评定的结果进行比较,可以看出应用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对于评定复杂模型测量不确定度更方便、高效。     

基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿

运动学标定是提高关节臂式坐标测量机精度的主要方法，但运动学标定后的残余误差对其测量精度和稳定性仍有很大影响。本文提出一种基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿方法，以提高关节臂式坐标测量机的测量精度。首先，在关节臂式坐标测量机运动学建模和误差建模的基础上，建立了运动学参数辨识模型，并依次进行角度参数辨识、长度参数辨识和长度参数等比例缩放的复合辨识，完成了七自由度关节臂式坐标测量机的运动学标定。其次，通过对标定后残余误差图谱的分析，发现残余误差与测量构型有关联，进而构建了以测量摆角、仰角、距离和转角为变量的测量构型。由于测量构型变量与残余误差存在强非线性关系，提出一种基于极限学习机的残余误差预测和补偿方法。通过实验对本文所提模型及方法的有效性进行验证，结果表明：进行残差修正后关节臂式坐标测量机的单点测量误差最大值由0.061 mm下降到0.044 mm，误差均值由0.023 mm下降到0.017 mm，误差标准差由0.011mm下降到0.007 mm；长度测量误差最大值由0.137 mm下降到0.074 mm，误差均值由0.033 mm下降到0.021 mm、误差标准...     

自驱动关节臂坐标测量机双关节模组结构设计与优化

由模块化单关节构成的六自由度自驱动关节臂坐标测量机存在运动学求逆解困难、制造与安装误差大等问题,难以满足测量机高精度、低误差的测量需求。通过分析自驱动关节臂坐标测量机的工作原理和技术要求,提出双关节的设计指标,设计了一种集俯仰和旋转于一体的新型双关节模组,关节采用电机驱动、减速器输出和制动器保护的传动方案,对模组内部关键零部件进行选型和设计,并在SolidWorks软件中对双关节模组进行结构组装。利用ANSYS Workbench软件对双关节模组进行结构静态变形与双轴垂直度分析,并对关节外壳、端盖等部件进行结构优化。结果表明,双关节模组最大静力变形为0.02208mm,结构柔性变形为0.011029mm,关节主轴间垂直度误差为7.2″,优化后的关节外壳和端盖体积分别减少了9%和12%,满足双关节刚度和精度的设计要求。     

关节臂式坐标测量机的数学建模及参数标定

关节臂式坐标测量机(AACMM)是一种便携式高精度测量设备,由于测量机末端探头中心坐标的关系且关节的旋转角度非常复杂,有必要建立准确的数学模型以达到所需的精度。其经典的数学模型是Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)模型,但它在相邻关节轴平行时存在缺陷且忽略了静态柔性误差。为了消除D-H模型的不足,研究了一种基于广义几何误差理论的数学模型,并采用非常快速模拟退火算法对广义几何误差参数进行标定。对比实验结果表明,广义几何误差模型进行算法标定后平均误差减小了0.500 1 mm,标准偏差减小了0.337 3 mm;基于广义几何误差模型的长度测量的平均误差为0.045 4 mm,标准偏差为0.032 3 mm,均优于采用MDH模型测量的平均误差和标准偏差,验证了方法的有效性。     

悬臂式测量机测量不确定度分析与验证

针对在某五轴数控机床加工现场有限空间限制下,复杂结构工件的原位在线测量问题,设计了一种悬臂式坐标测量机.根据不确定度评定准则,分析了影响测量机测量不确定度的因素,提出了从理论上估计所设计结构形式测量机测量不确定度的方法,并从机构运动误差、机构变形以及温度等方面对测量机的测量不确定度进行了估计.实验结果显示,测量机的测量误差均小于测量指标所要求的测量不确定度.     

悬臂式测量机测量不确定度分析与验证（英文）

针对在某五轴数控机床加工现场有限空间限制下,复杂结构工件的原位在线测量问题,设计了一种悬臂式坐标测量机。根据不确定度评定准则,分析了影响测量机测量不确定度的因素,提出了从理论上估计所设计结构形式测量机测量不确定度的方法,并从机构运动误差、机构变形以及温度等方面对测量机的测量不确定度进行了估计。实验结果显示,测量机的测量误差均小于测量指标所要求的测量不确定度。     

CMM校准测量的不确定度评定

三坐标测量机(Coordinate Measuring Machine,CMM)是一种应用场景广泛的精密测量仪器,是一种在测量精度与测量效率间有着很好平衡的设备。在三坐标测量机的校准过程中,一般只给出测量值,测量不确定度这一评价测量质量参数往往没有给出。因此,参照国家关于三坐标测量机测量的校准规范,针对坐标测量机长度尺寸测量构建测量模型,分析了测量过程中的不确定度来源,提出了一种比较合理的不确定度评定,使得三坐标测量机校准测量不确定度评定更加标准化。     

多关节坐标测量机的误差模型

按Denavit-Hartenberg方法,建立了多关节坐标测量机末端测头中心相对于机座参考坐标系的测量运动的数学模型。在此基础上,运用矩阵函数的全微分方法,建立起末端测头中心坐标误差与测量运动模型参数误差之间的传递关系。为进一步研究多关节坐标测量机的标定和补偿奠定了理论基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.