不同光照时间萎凋对白茶品质的影响

采用LED红光光源（630 nm）,研究全程光照、前半程光照、后半程光照不同光照萎凋时间对白茶感官品质、主要生化成分以及香气物质的影响。结果表明：后半程光照萎凋的白茶感官审评滋味得分最高,具有“醇厚、较浓、鲜爽”的特征,其天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、茶氨酸、甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、鸟氨酸、氨基酸总量和可溶性糖含量显著高于其它处理（P<0.05）;其咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）、表儿茶素没食子酸酯（epicatechin gallate,ECG）、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（gallocatechin gallate,GCG）、儿茶素没食子酸（catechin gallate,CG）、表儿茶素（epicatechin,EC）、儿茶素（catechin,C）、酯型儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素和儿茶素总量,显著高于全程光照萎凋的白茶（P<0.05）,与前半程差异不显著（P>0.05）。前半程光照萎凋的白茶香气检测物质数量（69种）和香气物质总含量（326.921μg/L）最高,形成了“花香”的风格特征,其感官审评的香气因子得分...     

茶鲜叶萎凋时期乙烯利溶液对游离氨基酸组分的影响

探究萎凋过程中乙烯利溶液对离体茶鲜叶游离氨基酸含量的影响。以贵州省自主培育品种“黔茶1号”为试材,设置对照组、喷施乙烯利组及喷施乙烯抑制剂组。采用邻苯二甲醛（ophthalaldehyde,OPA）法、9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯（9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate,FMOC）法进行高效液相色谱在线衍生检测游离氨基酸。结果表明,鲜爽味氨基酸含量随萎凋时间延长而减少,甜味、苦味氨基酸含量随时间推移呈上升趋势。3类呈味氨基酸含量在萎凋期间对喷施乙烯处理响应不同。萎凋期间,鲜味氨基酸含量受乙烯诱导上调,差异显著发生在4、8 h;甜味氨基酸含量在各处理间总体差异不显著;各处理组苦味氨基酸含量在4、8 h无显著变化,12、20、24 h含量有所下降,差异不显著。鲜味氨基酸以茶氨酸为主,除谷氨酸含量在4 h时各处理间无显著差异外,茶氨酸、天冬氨酸及谷氨酸含量受乙烯诱导上调。甜味氨基酸中丝氨酸、脯氨酸含量不受乙烯调控,甘氨酸含量受乙烯诱导上调,丙氨酸含量不完全受乙烯调控。苦味氨基酸中组氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸及亮氨酸含量受乙烯诱导上调。因此,萎凋期间喷施乙烯利溶液可以显著提高...     

不同萎凋方式对武夷红茶“金骏眉”品质的影响

以武夷红茶“金骏眉”为试验对象,研究不同萎凋方式对“金骏眉”感官品质、主要生化成分、挥发性香气成分的影响。结果表明：通过感官审评发现热风萎凋处理的“金骏眉”香气呈花果香、稍青,滋味甜醇略涩;自然萎凋处理的“金骏眉”香气花果蜜香馥郁、滋味甜醇甘爽。热风萎凋、自然萎凋处理得到的茶多酚、茶红素、茶褐素含量差异显著。试验共鉴定出72种成分,其中醇类13种、含氮类10种、内酯类2种、醛类7种、碳氢类20种、酮类9种、杂氧类1种、酯类10种。自然萎凋处理挥发性香气成分峰面积高于热风萎凋处理。热风萎凋与自然萎凋处理香气成分共存在15个差异显著代谢物,其中热风萎凋处理10个代谢物显著高于自然萎凋。自然萎凋处理具有花香、果香的香气成分反式芳樟醇氧化物、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯含量高于热风萎凋处理。     

复合光源萎凋对信阳红茶品质的影响

为了提高信阳红茶的品质,在信阳红茶萎凋工序中加入复合光源(红光、远红光、黄橙光),研究复合光源萎凋对信阳红茶主要生化成分及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明: 复合光源萎凋对信阳红茶代谢产物的变化影响显著,其中茶多酚的含量降低了0.31%,儿茶素的含量降低了0.06%,总黄酮的含量降低了0.20%,咖啡碱的含量降低了0.31%,2-甲氧基呋喃的含量降低了0.13%,2,5-二甲基吡嗪的含量降低了0.13%,另外茶黄素的含量增加了0.02%,氨基酸的含量增加了0.23%,可溶性糖的含量增加了0.78%,芳樟醇的含量增加了0.44%,香叶醇的含量增加了1.77%,苯乙醛的含量增加了2.00%,苯甲醛的含量增加了0.21%,有效降低信阳红茶的苦涩味强度和焙火味,增加鲜甜味强度和花果香。结论:在萎凋工序中添加复合光源可改善信阳红茶的滋味和香气,有效提升信阳红茶的品质。     

萎凋对茶鲜叶不同叶位叶绿素荧光特征参数的影响

目的研究萎凋对茶叶水分和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。方法采用叶绿素荧光仪Imaging PAM对福云6号7个萎凋时间点进行水分含量测定及叶绿素荧光测定。结果不同叶位叶片萎凋过程的水分含量与叶绿素荧光参数之间具有一定的内在联系。不同叶位之间的叶绿素荧光参数在萎凋后期呈显著差异;叶片水分含量与叶绿素荧光参数的初始荧光F_0、非光化学淬灭系数(non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)之间呈极显著负相关,与叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学效率F_v/F_m、光合潜在活性F_v/F_0、电子传递效率(electrontransferrate,ETR)、实际光合量子产量Y(Ⅱ)之间呈极显著正相关。结论鉴于上述叶绿素荧光参数与叶片水分含量之间的相关性,初步认为F_0、NPQ、F_v/F_m、F_v/F_0、ETR和Y(Ⅱ)作为茶树鲜叶萎凋过程中水分胁迫程度的指标是可行的,对鲜叶萎凋过程的在线判断具有一定的意义。     

三种萎凋环境对白茶含水量与生化成分含量的影响

目的 探究3种萎凋环境对白茶含水量与常规成分含量的影响。方法 以福鼎大白茶一芽二叶新稍为原料,采用传统室内自然萎凋、抽湿萎凋和空调萎凋3种萎凋方式,测定萎凋过程中茶叶含水量、茶多酚、游离氨基酸和黄酮类化合物含量。结果 3种萎凋方式的茶叶含水量在萎凋24~32 h期间均迅速降低,尤其是抽湿萎凋,从44.11%降至16.03%;茶多酚含量都是先升高后降低,整体变化范围小;与鲜叶对比,室内自然萎凋和抽湿萎凋中茶叶的黄酮类含量均显著增加,三者的游离氨基酸含量皆有显著增加,增幅为78.97%~110.3%;萎凋结束时,室内自然萎凋和抽湿萎凋的黄酮类与游离氨基酸含量皆显著高于空调萎凋。结论 抽湿萎凋的茶叶在32h时水分含量基本达到萎凋叶标准,且氨基酸和黄酮类含量均在较高水平,说明抽湿萎凋具有成为效率与制优率兼备的潜能,本研究为提高白茶萎凋工效和毛茶制优率提供理论参考。     

萎凋时间对丹霞8号主要生化成分和挥发性成分的影响

以丹霞8号为试验材料,比较不同萎凋时间茶叶中生化成分和挥发性成分,探明其变化规律。结果表明:茶多酚含量在0～23h显著增加,23～32h显著降低。0～16h游离氨基酸含量显著增加,茶氨酸则显著降低;16～50h游离氨基酸和茶氨酸均显著降低。0～50h咖啡碱含量显著增加;可可碱显著降低;叶绿素a差异不显著。叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量在5～28h显著降低;28～50h显著增加。萜烯是5～32h萎凋叶主体挥发性成分,萜醇是0h和50h萎凋叶主体挥发性成分。主成分分析表明,0～50h萎凋叶的生化成分特征和香气轮廓呈规律变化,生化特征可分为0～16,23～28,32～50h3个阶段;香气轮廓分为0～9,16～23,26～32,50h4个阶段。16h和23h是茶叶萎凋过程中生化成分特征和香气轮廓变化的共有时间点。     

萎凋时间对“英红九号”白茶香气的影响

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用法,分析不同萎凋时间"英红九号"白茶香气化合物的组成及含量。结果表明,"英红九号"白茶的香气总量随萎凋时间的延长呈现先增后降趋势,萎凋24 h含量最高,达到858.40 ng/g。白茶香气主要由醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类和烃类组成,其中醇类化合物所占比例最大。不同萎凋时间白茶的香气化合物组成比较相似。顺-3-己烯-1-醇、芳樟醇、乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯、丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯、水杨酸甲酯、己酸-顺-3-己烯酯、己醛、苯甲醛、反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛、壬醛、反,反-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、β-香叶烯、柠檬烯、反-β-罗勒烯和β-罗勒烯,这17种香气化合物在多数样品中含量较高,其含量总和占各样品香气总量的67.3%~76.0%,对香气总量变化影响较大;其中芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯等多数化合物含量随着萎凋进行先增后降;而苯甲醛和β-香叶烯含量在30 h的萎凋过程中总体持续上升。     

不同干燥温度对萎凋叶压制白茶饼品质的影响

为探明不同干燥温度对萎凋叶压制白茶饼品质的影响,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术及靶向代谢组学方法,研究了不同干燥温度（60、70、80、90、100℃）对萎凋叶压制白茶饼香气、糖组分、多酚类物质和氨基酸等品质成分的影响。结果表明：萎凋叶压制白茶饼感官品质得分随干燥温度的升高呈先升后降的趋势,80℃干燥茶饼的感官审评得分最高,为90.2分。80℃和90℃干燥的白茶饼儿茶素总含量显著低于60、70、100℃干燥的白茶饼（P<0.05）;80℃干燥的白茶饼总氨基酸和鲜爽类氨基酸含量显著高于70℃干燥的样品（P<0.05）;70、80℃干燥的白茶饼糖类物质含量显著高于低温干燥（60℃）和高温干燥（90℃和100℃）（P<0.05）;各干燥温度白茶饼主要挥发性物质种类总体一致,其中醇类物质所占比例较大,80℃干燥处理白茶饼的十三酸甲酯、辛酸甲酯、己酸甲酯和二氢猕猴桃内酯等酯类香气物质含量显著高于90、100℃干燥样品（P<0.05）。综上,80℃干燥能提高萎凋叶压制白茶饼的鲜爽度和甜度及愉悦香气物质的含量,更有利于品质形成,是萎凋叶压制白茶饼...     

光质萎凋对不同茶树品种红茶品质的影响

本文以室内自然萎凋为对照,比较红光、黄光、蓝光的不同光强(1000、1500、2000 lx)对不同品种红茶感官品质和主要成分的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,光质萎凋能保持或提升福鼎大白茶、蜀永1号萎凋叶游离氨基酸含量,保持或提高了四川中小叶种红茶茶黄素含量;蓝光可提升蜀永1号、四川中小叶种红茶可溶性糖含量,还可降低福鼎...     

Effect of withering on the polyphenol oxidase level in the tea leaf

The level of polyphenol oxidase in tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) decreased on partial desiccation of the leaf during the withering process of black tea manufacture. However, sufficient activity remained, even after withering, to oxidise the available substrate in the leaf. The loss in activity due to desiccation was restored on rehydration.     

The effect of withering on fermentation of tea leaf and development of liquor characters of black teas

Depression in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during the withering of tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) in black tea manufacture affected the oxidative-condensation of tea flavanols in forming theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR), which are associated with brightness, briskness and ‘body’ of tea liquors. In contrast to conventionally manufactured CTC teas, unwithered fresh leaf CTC produces a higher proportion of TF and lower TR, resulting in bright, brisk and thin liquors. Hardness of wither was accompanied by a further depression in PPO activity, and formation of TF also declined with a concomitant loss in brightness and briskness. The TR content increased up to a certain degree of wither and thereby improved the ‘body’ of the liquor. Very hard wither, accompanied by a large reduction in moisture content, restricts PPO activity. It appears that in the fresh leaf, high moisture levels together with dissolved oxygen accelerate the enzymic oxidation and produce large amounts of TF. Senescence of the leaf seems to facilitate the production of TR.     

枸杞叶清茶的制作工艺研究

对枸杞叶清茶饮料的配比、浸提条件、防沉、护色工艺以及风味进行研究,确定了枸杞叶清茶饮料的生产工艺。选用优质的枸杞叶茶水浴75℃,以1∶80的料水比浸提15min,使用0.03%抗坏血酸和0.02%抗坏血酸钠混合护色,0.03g/L单宁酶和0.03g/L果胶酶预防沉淀,过滤后调整糖酸比(最佳添加量为白砂糖3%、蜂蜜2%、柠檬酸0.03%、柠檬酸钠0.03%)制备枸杞叶清茶。该饮料风味独特,酸甜适口,具有一定营养保健效果。     

萎凋方式对γ-氨基丁酸白茶香气成分的影响

目的 为探明萎凋方式对GABA白茶香气成分的影响。方法 本研究采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（headspace solid-phase mextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）结合感官评价和香气活性值(odour activity value,OAV）比较分析自然萎凋γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）白茶（TY）和复式萎凋GABA白茶（LY）的香气成分差异。结果 TY共鉴定出39种有效香气成分,LY共鉴定出41种有效香气成分,LY浓度及OAV值显著高于TY（p<0.05,FC>2或<0.5）。TY的香气浓郁持久,带果香和兰花香,LY的香气果香馥郁,带兰花香和栀子花香,复式萎凋有利于果香积累。结论 复式萎凋较自然萎凋更有利于芳樟醇、2-庚醇、1-己烯-3-醇、3-甲基苯甲醛、月桂醛、己酸、壬酸、2-庚酮等物质的显著富集,使得GABA白茶中的果香型风味突出,花香、清香和奶油型香气更加显著,更有利于促进GABA白茶优良品质的形成。本研究结果可为开发不同香型GABA白茶产品及加工工艺创新提供理论参考。     

揉捻和不同干燥方法对薄荷叶茶品质的影响

以薄荷叶为原料,研究揉捻和晒干、晾干、烘干3种不同的干燥方法对薄荷叶茶品质的影响.结果表明:适度揉捻可提高薄荷叶茶的细胞破损率,使薄荷叶茶水浸出物含量增加,有利于提高薄荷叶茶的可冲泡性;最佳干燥方法为烘干;薄荷叶茶采用烘干干燥方法能够得到较适宜的营养成分含量,并且经过烘干的薄荷叶茶色泽黄绿、香气浓厚、滋味辛凉甘醇、叶底绿匀,感官评分高.     

不同光质萎凋对金观音红茶香气组分的影响

目的研究不同光质萎凋处理对金观音红茶香气组分的影响,确定在萎凋过程中采用不同的光质处理与红茶香气组分的关系。方法采用顶空-固相微萃取技术提取金观音红茶的香气成分,使用气相色谱质谱联用法探讨在萎凋过程中通过红光、黄光以及橙光处理后金观音红茶香气成分的变化。结果实验中的4组茶叶样品共鉴别出48种香气物质,共包含9种醇类物质、11种烯烃类物质、16种烷烃类物质、9种酮酯类物质以及3种其他类物质。红光处理检测出28种挥发性物质,香气组分占提取物总量的66.62%;黄光处理检测出28种挥发性物质,香气组分占提取物总量的67.71%;橙光处理检测出24种挥发性物质,香气组分占提取物总量的64.81%。结论红光、黄光以及橙光处理能促进长叶烯、橙花叔醇及其异构体的生成。不同光质处理能影响毛茶香气组分的含量,对于β-紫罗酮的含量会有明显的提升。选用橙光处理,能提高毛茶的香气组分以及茶叶的感官品质。     

Effect of the withering process on volatile compound formation during black tea manufacture

The amount and composition of volatile compounds in the volatile oils were compared between non-withered tea and withered tea. Important differences in the aroma constituents were found in the amounts of E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexanol ester, linalool and its oxides, and methylsalcylate. In withered teas, the amounts of Z-3-hexenol ester, linalool and its oxides, and methylsalcylate were much greater than in non-withered tea, but the E-2-hexenal content was higher in non-withered tea. From the results it was thought that the withering process has an important role in the formation of volatile compounds in tea shoots during black tea fermentation.     

Effects of withering on the main physical properties of withered tea leaves and the sensory quality of congou black tea

To explore the relationship between the moisture content of withered tea leaves and their physical properties (i.e., elasticity, plasticity, flexibility, and texture) during withering, texture analyzer was employed to test the elasticity and flexibility of withered tea leaves with different moisture contents. The texture was evaluated by computer vision technology. The withered tea leaves with different moisture contents were used to process congou black tea, which was then subjected to sensory evaluation. Results showed that good elasticity, optimal flexibility, and plasticity were achieved when the moisture content of the withered tea leaves of Fudingdabai comprising two leaves and one bud varied arranging from 65.51 to 61.48%. The sensory evaluation of congou black tea revealed that moderate withering was better than long-term withering and that both moderate and long-term withering were better than no withering during processing. The moisture content was significantly correlated with the flexibility and plasticity of the withered tea leaves. Fresh tea leaves undergoing moderate withering with moisture content of 65.51–61.48% to process congou black tea, good tea shape and liquor color were achieved. This study provided new evidence that the moisture content of withered tea leaves significantly affected the quality of black tea.