基于BP神经网络的并联机构误差分析

以3-UPS/S并联机器人机构为研究对象,构建一种基于虚拟实验与BP神经网络的并联机构输出误差预测模型,能够快速预测并联机器人机构的输出误差。充分考虑并联机构铰链安装误差与铰链轴线误差,建立包含上述输入误差的虚拟样机模型,通过虚拟实验仿真求解该机构输出误差;假定机构零部件在大批量生产情况下误差服从正态分布,构造多组服从正态分布的输入误差样本,进而建立该机构的BP神经网络预测模型。研究结果表明:该BP神经网络模型可以准确、快速地对机构位姿输出误差进行预测,为并联机器人机构的误差分析与精度综合提供了新的依据。     

3TPT并联机构的误差补偿方法

以三平移并联机器人为研究对象,建立3TPT机构参数、机构误差以及动平台位姿误差的关系方程;在求解位姿误差正解模型的基础上,对其精度补偿进行了较系统的研究,从理论上推出一种机构位姿精度补偿的方法.该方法通过对机器人支链驱动杆补偿量的控制,来提高输出位姿精度.通过典型实例校核证实了该方法的有效性.研究结果为机器人的实际精度补偿与精度控制提供了新的理论,对于优化3TPT并联机器人的机构设计有重要意义.     

平面3RRR机构杆长误差对奇异性的影响分析

针对并联机器人的精度这一性能指标,分析了3RRR并联机器人的杆长误差对整个机构的影响,运用雅可比矩阵法从理论上分析了3RRR并联机器人杆长误差与其奇异位置的关系,根据求解的结果建立相应的误差模型,并在MATLAB中计算出理想状态下的奇异位置和考虑杆长误差状态下的奇异位置的偏差度,将计算所得的偏差数据以图像的形式表现出来加以分析,最终得出了3RRR机构不同杆的杆长误差与奇异位置的偏移程度关系,为该机构的设计精度要求提供了科学的参考依据。     

基于3D打印技术的并联机器人机构精度分析

针对3D打印快速成型技术的性能需求,提出了一种基于3-UPU型三自由度3D打印并联机器人。对其中的3-UPU并联机构进行了运动学分析,在此基础上建立误差正解模型,考虑驱动副杆长误差和铰链间隙误差的影响因素,运用Monte-Carlo法分析了动平台末端精度的频数分布,求得了许用精度范围内的置信概率,为提高3D打印并联机器人机构末端的输出精度提供了重要依据,在生产制造业快速发展的主流技术中具有重要的研究意义与应用推广价值。     

基于正交实验设计的并联机构误差分析

介绍了一种新型含恰约束支链3-SPS/S并联机器人机构,为提高终端平台的定位精度,对该并联机构进行误差分析。首先在运动学逆解基础上,对驱动支链的运动方程进行微分,建立该机构位姿输出误差正解数学模型。并在给定机构误差的条件下,考虑末端执行器在工作过程中位姿输出误差的变化情况。利用正交实验设计的思想均衡排布参数的误差水平,对该机构进行精度分析,并绘制某姿态下的误差分布直方图及许用精度范围内的可靠度。结果表明:利用正交实验法能够快速计算误差值,为并联机构的精度设计和运动学参数的标定建立了理论基础。     

基于旋量理论的打磨机器人位置精度分析

为建立各误差源与打磨机器人的末端位置误差的对应关系,在基于旋量理论建立了打磨机器人的运动学模型的同时,对可能产生的主要误差源进行了分析,通过误差源之间的几何关系建立误差旋量,从而得到静态误差模型;分析了各单项误差对机器人末端执行器位置误差的影响及各误差源对末端位置误差的显著性影响,为机器人精度优化方案的提出提供可靠的分析参考。分析结果表明:结构误差及传动误差是机器人静态位置精度的主要影响因素,其中结构误差为稳态误差,可以通过精度设计减小或补偿,传动误差需要通过后期的标定来解决。     

一种并联机器人机构的精度分析与机构参数选取

介绍了一种能实现空间一维移动和两维大转角摆动的少自由度并联机器人机构模型--空间3-PUU并联机构模型.从对该机构运动支链的分析入手,建立了机构的闭环矢量模型,借助微分分析法,建立了位姿误差的数学模型,得出包含全部结构参数误差在内的误差正解模型.对于给定的各结构参数误差,应用此模型求解出并联机构输出位姿误差,分析了机构位姿变化对位姿输出误差的影响.利用精度模型对机构参数进行了优化分析,讨论了机构参数的合理选取问题,通过仿真给出了在RL、L一定的情况下r的参数选取曲线,探讨了结构参数选取的合理性.     

新型六自由度并联机器人精度分析

精度设计是机器人误差标定技术的重要手段。本文结合新型六自由度并联机器人的结构特点,在误差概率分析与蒙特卡洛法的基础上,建立铰链间隙影响下的机器人实际误差模型,并且应用此模型进行精度分析。为新型六自由度并联机器人的精度综合提供了理论依据。     

Delta并联机器人非线性工作空间下轨迹插补算法

为了提高Delta并联机器人运动控制精度,对其工作空间内非线性分布和轨迹插补算法进行了研究。基于仅考虑算法误差前提下,提出了通过选择Delta并联机器人单步插补位置误差最小的精度最优算法。基于机器人运动性能指标下的快速性和精确性,分析对比机器人传统插补算法和精度最优算法各自性能指标,最后通过Matlab平台仿真测试了算法的可行性,结果表明精度最优控制算法在整个机器人可达工作空间内都能有效提高机器人运动控制精度,控制效果要优于传统PVT控制方法。     

一种三坐标并联动力头——Sprint Z3的误差建模与灵敏度分析

研究一种三坐标并联动力头——Sprint Z3的精度建模及几何误差源灵敏度分析问题。在建立该机构运动学逆解模型的基础上,利用摄动法建立其末端位置及姿态误差与几何误差源之间的映射模型。在此基础上,对影响末端位姿误差的几何误差源进行灵敏度分析,从而为机械设计中零部件的公差分配提供了理论依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。