新型芳香族聚酯多元醇的合成与性能研究

用对苯二甲酸、苯酐、二元醇、三元醇等多元醇为原料制备新型芳香族聚酯多元醇,考察了聚酯多元醇酸值、羟值与其醇酸摩尔比的关系,以及酸值与反应时间的关系,并将其用于制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,讨论了新型聚酯多元醇对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能影响。     

阻燃聚酯型硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制

以聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、交联剂和泡沫稳定剂等为原料,采用正交试验法研究和制得了一种阻燃聚酯型硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料,通过测定冲击强度、吸水率及垂直燃烧性等性能。探讨了各因素对其阻燃性及力学性能的影响,得到了聚酯型聚氨酯阻燃泡沫塑料的最佳配方。     

一种高强度硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备研究

以高官能度聚酯多元醇,异氰酸酯,催化剂,水,物理发泡剂,泡沫稳定剂,以及交联剂等为原料,其中,催化剂采用胺类及锡类、铋类催化剂复配,泡沫稳定剂采用具有乳化、成核功能的两类有机硅表面活性剂进行复配,制备出一种高强度、小尺寸变化率的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。着重考察了高官能度聚酯多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂和交联剂种类的选取及其对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学性能的影响。     

低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇及聚氨酯硬泡应用两项目通过鉴定

由江苏省化工研究所承担研制的“低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇（PET残渣制）及其制品硬质聚氨酯泡沫”和“汽车专用聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料及其施工工艺”两项目于1996年11月13日在南京通过由化工部主持的鉴定。“低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇（PET残渣制）及其制品硬质聚氨酯泡沫”项目深入地研究了以PET残渣为原料的芳烃聚酯多元醇的制备工艺、聚酯多元醇组合料的贮存稳定性及制品聚氨酯硬质泡沫的性能。芳烃聚酯多元醇经批量生产考核，技术成熟可靠，产品质量稳定，达到国外先进水平。以此制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫除了具有聚醚型硬泡的一般性能外，还具有…     

软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料生产工艺

软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料生产工艺曹连洪，张祚银（辽宁省化工研究院１１６０２３）０前言软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是聚氨酯树脂的主要产品。１９５２年由联邦德国研制成功，采用６５／３５甲苯二异氰酸酯、己二酸系聚酯多元醇为原料，叔胺作催化剂，离子型乳化剂与水作发泡剂，属于...     

响应面法优化废旧PET催化醇解工艺

常压下采用催化剂一步醇解废旧聚酯(PET)工艺制备聚酯多元醇,并采用物理发泡方式用该聚酯多元醇制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,达到废旧PET的循环利用。以催化醇解得到聚酯多元醇的羟值、酸值和黏度为指标,筛选催化剂用量、醇解剂用量和醇解时间为主要因素,通过响应面法优化得到催化醇解废旧PET的最佳工艺条件,即:质量分数0.3%(占PET的质量,下同)的Sb2O3作为解聚的催化剂、质量分数100%的二甘醇为醇解剂,醇解反应时间为2.5 h,通过实验验证表明该条件可靠,实际得到的聚酯多元醇羟值503.9 mgKOH/g,酸值2.4 mgKOH/g,室温黏度1310 mPa·s,以该聚酯多元醇为原料制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的导热系数为0.02～0.03 W/(m·K),密度为40～50 kg/m3,表明通过该方法实现废旧PET的循环利用是可行的,并提高了其循环利用价值。     

聚氨酯改性聚醚多元醇对硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

将聚氨酯改性聚醚多元醇（PIPA多元醇）与低羟值多元醇共混制备全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,研究了扩链剂、交联剂、低羟值多元醇用量、异氰酸酯指数对材料压缩强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能和动态流变性能的影响。结果表明：加入1,4-丁二醇和三羟甲基丙烷各1.0份,TMN-3050多元醇15份,异氰酸酯指数为1.15份的发泡材料的力学性能较好,兼具良好的强度和韧性。     

影响聚氨酯弹性体性能因素的研究

用聚酯二醇（或聚四氢呋喃二醇），甲苯二异氰酸酯，三元醇等原料合成低硬度浇注型聚氨酯弹性体，考察了多元醇的种类，游离NCO质量分数，交联剂的并用和交联系数，增塑剂的用量等因素对综合力学性能和耐油性，耐溶剂性能和压缩变形性的影响。     

302聚酯多元醇通过技术鉴定

辽宁省化工研究所研制、该所知青厂生产的302聚酯多元醇于1985年12月24日通过了技术鉴定。302聚酯多元醇是制造硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的主要原料。它是由二元酸与多元醇经缩聚反应而制成的,其反应式如下:ZHO·R·OH HOOC. R′·COOH→HO·R·O·CO·R′·CO·O·R·OH硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,由于具有优异的     

松香聚酯多元醇

广东始兴县林产化工厂研制并生产出松香聚酯多元醇,填补了我国目前硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的空白。该厂引进中国林科院林产化工研究所科研成果,以该厂生产的松香聚酯多元醇为原料制造的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,经有关单位检测和专家鉴定,认为该产品泡孔均匀细腻,导热系数低,高低温性能稳,价格比聚醚低30%。而且用途广泛,除可用于     

Synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams from oligoester alcohols obtained from dimethyl terephthalate production wastes

A study was conducted to synthesize oligoester alcohols from dimethyl terephthalate production wastes via transesterification with diethylene glycol and trimethylol propane. The oligoester alcohols obtained are suitable for preparing rigid polyurethane foams. The oligoester alcohols from trimethylol propane possess good physical and mechanical properties. The oxygen indices indicate that the polyurethane foams exhibit improved resistance to combustion due to the increased content of aromatic nuclei in the oligoester alcohols.     

增强PUR-R泡沫塑料力学性能的测试和讨论

对硬质聚氨酯（PUR－R）泡沫塑料（纯的和增强的）进行了多种力学性能的测试和讨论，给出了实验结果和实用的关系式。纯PUR－R泡沫塑料的力学性能随密度的增大而显著提高；添加增强材料短切玻璃纤维和玻璃微珠可有效地提高PUR－R泡沫塑料的力学性能，综合来看，短切玻璃纤维增强效果不如玻璃微珠，质量分数为10％的玻璃微珠增强效果最好。     

Synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams from oligoester alcohols based on the residues from the distillation of crude dimethyl terephthalate and recrystallization of the dimethyl terephthalate/dimethyl isophthalate fraction

Oligoester alcohols are synthesized from the resudes from the distillation of crude dimethyl terephthalate and recrystallization of the fraction dimethyl terephthalate/dimethyl isophthalate, diols, triols, tetrols, and tall oil. The polyol component containing various oligoester alcohols is suitable for preparing rigid polyurethane foams with good thermal stability and improved resistance to combustion.     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料研究进展

介绍了合成硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的主要原料,包括主体成分和发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂等;对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的物理性能,如力学性能、阻燃性能、老化性能等及其在工程上的应用情况进行了综述。     

Biodegradable polyurethane foam from liquefied waste paper and its thermal stability,biodegradability, and genotoxicity

Liquefaction of waste paper (WP) was conducted in the presence of polyhydric alcohols to prepare biodegradable polyurethane foam. The liquefied‐WP‐based polyol had suitable characteristics such as apparent molecular weight, hydroxyl value, and viscosity for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam and was successfully applied to produce polyurethane foam with the appropriate combinations of foaming agents. The obtained foams showed satisfactory densities and mechanical properties as good as those of foams obtained from liquefied wood‐ and starch‐based polyols. The foams had almost the same thermal stability at initial weight loss and seemed to be potentially biodegradable because they were degraded to some extent in leaf mold. There were no mutagens or carcinogens in the water extracts of the foams. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1482–1489, 2002     

Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing SiO2 Nanospheres/Graphene Oxide Hybrid and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Halogen-free flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams were prepared using the combination of SiO₂ nanospheres/graphene oxide hybrid and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, dimethyl methylphosphonate. The flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams containing dimethyl methylphosphonate and SiO₂ nanospheres/graphene oxide were investigated. The results demonstrated that the combination of dimethyl methylphosphonate and SiO₂ nanospheres/graphene oxide enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam greatly compared with pure rigid polyurethane foam and dimethyl methylphosphonate-modified foam. Morphological study indicated that the partial substitution of dimethyl methylphosphonate with SiO₂ nanospheres/graphene oxide led to smaller cell sizes and more uniform cell sizes of dimethyl methylphosphonate-modified rigid polyurethane foams.     

无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

介绍了无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料常用的两种方法和纳米粒子对改性纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能、导电性能等影响的研究,提出了无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

纳米二氧化硅改性硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

采用浇注成型法合成密度为250 mg/cm3的纳米SiO2改性硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUR-R),研究了纳米SiO2含量及偶联剂处理对纳米SiO2改性PUR-R的各种力学性能的影响。结果表明:直接使用纳米SiO2,可使PUR-R的某些力学性能得到提高,而偶联剂处理可进一步改善纳米SiO2对PUR-R的增强作用,用偶联剂改性过的纳米SiO2增强PUR-R与纯PUR-R相比,除断裂伸长率降低外,其他力学性能如拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及弯曲模量等均有所提高。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料力学性能与密度、增强剂含量的关系

探讨了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学性能与密度、增强剂含量的特别是在较宽的密度和增强剂含量范围内对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了应用研究,为其作为结构材料提供了依据。     

Investigation on flammability of rigid polyurethane foam‐mineral fillers composite

This study investigates the incorporation of castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam with mineral fillers feldspar or kaolinite clay in order to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. Influence of mineral fillers on the mechanical strength was characterized by compressive strength and flexural strength measurement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to diagnose the changes in thermal properties, while cone calorimeter test was performed to ascertain the flame retardancy of the mineral filler–incorporated rigid polyurethane foam composites. Results showed that the foams incorporated with mineral filler demonstrated up to 182% increase in compressive strength and 351% increase in flexural strength. Thermal stability of these composite foams was also found to be enhanced on the incorporation of kaolinite clay filler with an increase in 5% weight loss temperature (T_5%) from 192°C to 260°C. Furthermore, peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were also found to decreased on the incorporation of mineral filler in the rigid polyurethane foam. So mineral fillers are ascertained as a potential filler to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant behaviors of bio‐based rigid polyurethane foam composites.