BCTMP抄造白卡纸施胶及助留性能的研究

根据BCTMP浆料的物化特性，对助留剂及阴离子捕集剂在造纸湿部的助留助滤作用、AKD及阳离子松香胶的施胶性能进行了研究。结果表明：助留剂的用量与纸料的滤水时间及白水浊度成反比；阴离子捕集剂的使用对AKD施胶性能改善作用不明显；阳离子松香胶对BCTMP浆近中性施胶，在用量0．4％时施胶效果优于AKD用量0．5％的值。     

复合无氟修饰与碱刻蚀协同制备涤纶织物超疏水表面

基于荷叶超疏水仿生理念,通过碱刻蚀和无氟疏水剂复合修饰的方法制备超疏水涤纶织物表面,探讨碱刻蚀工艺参数和三种无氟疏水剂的复合使用对织物超疏水效果的影响。结果表明:在碱质量浓度30 g/L、处理时间10 min、反应温度90℃的条件下,以十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷复合使用处理涤纶织物,可实现超疏水效果,其中静态接触角为152.45°,滑移角为5°,透气率为90.06 mm/s,透湿率为2 993.64 g/(m2·24 h),制备的织物具有良好的耐洗和耐污性能。     

烷基烯酮二聚体改性瓜尔胶的制备及应用

结合烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)的疏水性与瓜尔胶的亲水性能,利用AKD的内酯基与瓜尔胶原粉上活性羟基发生酯化反应,得到了具有一定施胶度的新型表面施腔剂.将改性后的瓜尔胶配制成一定浓度的施胶液对纸张进行表面施胶,并测定了其施腔效果.讨论了瓜尔胶与AKD的反应温度、反应时间、改性瓜尔胶进行表面施胶时的用量等对施胶效果的影响.同时用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和接触角仪(CA)等测量手段对其结构、性能和应用效果进行了表征.结果表明,当瓜尔胶原粉与AKD质量比为2∶1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间4h时,在瓜尔胶分子上成功接枝了烃基长链,改性瓜尔胶表面施胶用量为0.6％时,纸张的施胶度可以达到52 s.     

烯基琥珀酸酐改性AKD专用淀粉作表面施胶剂研究

采用烯基琥珀酸酐(ASA)对AKD专用淀粉在湿法条件下进行改性,在AKD专用淀粉上引入疏水基团,合成一种新型的淀粉表面施胶剂。探讨了反应过程中反应温度、反应物配比、反应时间、催化剂对施胶效果的影响。结果表明:当反应温度55℃,AKD专用淀粉:ASA质量比=4:1,催化剂用量为AKD专用淀粉量的4.5%,反应时间2h,表面施胶时,施胶浓度为5%,施胶度可达72s。并利用红外光谱分析仪、接触角测定仪、扫描电子显微镜对ASA改性AKD专用淀粉的结构与性能进行了表征。     

竹浆AKD施胶的研究

研究了AKD在竹浆中的施胶特牲。当AKD用量小于0．1％时，随AKD用量的增加抄片Cobb值迅速下降，但之后Cobb值的下降比较缓慢。PAE能提高施胶效果，但在AKD用量较大时，PAE对施胶的促进作用则不明显；添加0．5％的硫酸铝能在一定程度上提高AKD在竹浆中的施胶效果，但当硫酸铝用量大于1．0％时，施胶效果明显变差。     

Fenton预处理提高聚乙烯醇可生化性

在退浆废水中，聚乙烯醇（PVA）是一种污染严重又难以生物降解的物质，采用Fenton法对其进行预处理，可明显地改善其生化性，研究表明，当溶液初始pH值为4．0，H2O2／Fe^2＋（摩尔浓度比）=10，H2O2／COD（质量浓度比）=1．5，反应温度为40℃，反应30min时Fenton预处理的效果最佳，COD去除率达到80％以上，BOD／COD值也由0．1左右增加到0．7．经过活性污泥法的处理，COD去除率由未经预处理时的2％提高到88％左右。     

纤维素纳米纤维作为黏合剂制备超疏水纸

本文报告了通过简单的两步浸渍涂布法制备超疏水纸。首先,使用含沉淀碳酸钙颜料(PPC)和纤维素纳米纤维的含水悬浮液在滤纸上浸渍涂布形成粗糙表面。然后,将浸渍涂布后的滤纸用含烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)的正庚烷溶液处理制备超疏水纸,通过测量水接触角来表征制备纸样的超疏水性能。扫描电镜图片表明:加入和不加纤维素纳米纤维时涂布纸样品表面的不同,可以看出纳米纤维起到了黏合作用。说明纤维素纳米纤维是形成粗糙PPC涂层实现超疏水的关键成分,它明显地提高了PCC团簇在纸张表面的留着,而留着的PCC团簇提供了形成超疏水表面所需的双重粗糙结构。     

改性纤维素纳米纤丝涂布制备高阻隔长纤维薄页纸的研究

本研究以高透气、高强度的长纤维薄页纸为基材,利用纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）和烷基烯酮二聚物（AKD）乳液涂布制备一种高强度、高透光、柔软的高阻隔长纤维薄页纸。比较了CNF、羧甲基化改性纤维素纳米纤丝（C-CNF）、AKD等对涂布后纸张的抗张强度、透气度、水蒸气透过率、表面疏水性能等的影响。结果表明,C-CNF较CNF表现出更优异的性能,当涂布液浓度为1.0%（涂布量1.6 g/m²）时,纸张抗张指数为27.3 N·m/g,较只涂布AKD提高了46.0%;水与纸面接触角达到121.5°,较CNF涂布的疏水效果进一步提高,相比只涂布AKD的纸张增大了60.9%;同时透气度则仅有21.1 μm/(Pa·s),较CNF涂布纸的透气度进一步降低,相较只涂布AKD的纸张降低了60%;水蒸气透过率为1.95×10^-11 g·m/（m²·s·Pa）,为只涂布AKD的纸张的52%,具有良好的疏水阻隔性能。     

AKD施胶新工艺应用

以浙江某纸厂生产定量140g／m2的挂面箱纸板为试验研究对象,详细探讨了AKD施胶应用的新工艺配比。试验表明：15％含量的AKD乳液配合阴离子垃圾捕捉剂0．jkg／t纸、助留剂0．4kg／t纸时,其用量仅为6kg／t纸,相比单独用AKD复配中性胶综合成本降低。     

涤纶织物的有机硅改性硅溶胶超疏水整理

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)、N-(β-氨乙基)亚氨丙基侧链改性氨基硅油(NAASO)为原料,氨水为催化剂,通过水溶胶法制备了一种有机硅改性硅溶胶,并将其用于涤纶织物超疏水整理。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、冷场发射扫描电镜以及接触角测量仪等,表征了有机硅改性硅溶胶的结构及应用性能。结果表明,当MTMS质量浓度为60 g/L,NAASO质量浓度为10 g/L,整理液p H值为8.5时,制得的有机硅改性硅溶胶性能稳定,用其整理的涤纶织物能获得超疏水效果,接触角为151.2°,疏水等级为100分,且整理后涤纶织物柔软性提高,断裂强力和白度变化不大。     

The efficacy of commercial silicones against blue stain and mould fungi in wood

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples were vacuum pressure impregnated with quaternary ammonium (quat)-silicone micro-emulsion (<40 nm particle size), amino-silicone macro-emulsion (110 nm) and silicone macro-emulsion with alkyl modified side groups (740 nm). Quat-silicone micro-emulsion caused highest cell wall bulking (4.8%) and anti-swelling efficiency (21.8%) in wood when treated with 30% concentration of silicone in the treatment solution. All three formulations made wood hydrophobic which was evident from a capillary (longitudinal, tangential and radial) water uptake test. Amino-silicone macro-emulsion (10% silicone in treatment solution) resulted in strong resistance to blue stain attack with both pre-weathered and not pre-weathered wood samples. Signs of blue staining were more evident on the pre-weathered samples. Treatment with amino-silicone macro-emulsion (10% silicone in treatment solution) resulted in a certain resistance to mould growth on wood surfaces, whereas wood treated with the same concentration of quat-silicone micro-emulsion and alkyl-modified silicone macro-emulsion exhibited comparatively lower resistance.     

Wood sawdust and wood originate materials as adsorbents for heavy metal ions

The abilities of different types of wood sawdust and wood originate materials for removing some toxic heavy metal ions from water were investigated. Sawdust of poplar, willow, fir, oak and black locust wood, pulp and Kraft lignin were used as adsorbents. The effects of contact time, pH, metal concentration and sawdust particle size on the removal of Cu(II) ions by poplar sawdust have been studied. Leaching from these adsorbents into water during adsorption was also investigated.     

Effect of hot air post-treatments on copper leaching resistance in ACQ-D treated Chinese fir

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) wood cubes (19?×?19?×?19 mm³) were treated with amine copper quat-type D (ACQ-D) solution and fixed with different hot air post-treatments. The effects of temperature, relative humidity, duration, air circulation of post-treatment as well as the copper retention in the treated wood on copper leaching were investigated. With the help of ultraviolet or visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), the valence conversion of copper in treated wood post-treated with optimal post-treatment conditions was investigated, and its relation with copper leaching was also discussed. The results showed that besides temperature and relative humidity, air circulation during hot air post-treatments also had a significant effect on accelerating copper fixation in ACQ-D treated wood. 70 °C, 80% R.H. with good air circulation provided a suitable condition for complete fixation of copper in a short period. After the applied post-treatments, up to 11.3% cupric copper reduced to cuprous form. A higher copper conversion rate usually corresponds to lower copper leaching, which is consistent with the contribution of lower water solubility cuprous copper.     

自交联型阳离子水性聚氨酯纸张增强剂的制备及其应用

通过预聚体分散法,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为封闭剂,自制N-([1,1-二甲基-2-乙酰基)乙基]-β-二羟乙氨基丙酰胺(DDP)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚己内酯二醇、MDEA、双酚A、ADH为基本原料制备出不同封闭率阳离子聚氨酯(CBPU)纸张增强剂。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对CBPU分子结构及纸张表面形貌进行表征,研究了封闭率对涂膜表面水接触角及乳液粒径的影响,并探讨了CBPU封闭率、添加量对纸张力学性能的影响。结果表明:产物分子结构中出现了叔胺基、Si-O-Si和氨基甲酸酯结构。扫描电镜表明,纸张经聚氨酯处理后,纸页纤维间出现较多丝状与薄膜状物质。封闭率的增加使得乳液粒径增大,涂膜耐水性得以改善。增加CBPU封闭率和添加量,能明显提高纸张的强度指标,最佳封闭率与乳液添加量分别为15%与5%(对绝干浆)。     

The effect of silicone on some properties of flakeboard

Waxes are used as water repellent in wood composites, and there are only limited alternative water-repellent systems for wood composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a silicone compound as a water repellent for flakeboard and to compare the properties of boards made with silicone treated flakes to those made with commercial wax treated flakes. Three levels of silicone and wax application rates were used (0.25, 0.5, and 1%). The hydrophobic nature of silicone-treated flakes was evaluated by measuring the contact angle and the rate of water absorption (WA) on the surface of the wood flake. The internal bonding strength (IB), the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending regime, the WA, and the thickness swelling at edges of boards were evaluated. Results obtained showed that IB, MOE and MOR decreased as the concentration of silicone on the flakes increased from 0.25% to 1%. The IB, MOE and MOR of panels made with 0.25% silicone-treated flakes were comparable to boards made with 1% wax-treated flakes. Thickness swell at edges and WA were significantly reduced as the amount of silicone increased. No significant difference was found for the thickness swelling at edges and the WA between panels made with 1% silicone-treated flakes and 1% wax-treated flakes. The silicone treated flakes had high water repellency.     

Water repellency in treatedHevea brasiliensis andMangifera indica wood

Samples of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and mango (Mangifera indica) wood treated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% aqueous solution of Chromic acid were assessed for water repellency and dimensional stability. Significant reduction in water absorption in treated samples was observed in initial five hours of soaking in water compared to untreated controls. It was found that effectiveness of water repellency was independent of concentration of solution under repeated cycles of wetting and drying. Degree of water repellency that could be achieved by chromic acid treatment appears to be dependent on constituents of wood.     

抽提物抽提工艺对黎蒴栲木材弦界面性质的影响

采用分类试验方法,探索不同抽提工艺对黎蒴栲木材弦界面性质的影响。试验结果表明,黎蒴栲试件经苯-醇、热水、温水和冷水等抽提工艺处理后,用光学接触角测定仪测出水滴与其弦切面的接触角,比处理前均有不同程度的增大,表面自由能相应降低,而在碱抽提处理后,则水滴与其弦切面的接触角比处理前减小,表面自由能增大。可见,黎蒴栲木材可以通过不同的抽提处理来改变或控制其弦界面性质,达到界面设计的要求,从而改善其渗透性和胶合性能。     

Enhanced bonding strength of heat-treated wood using a cold atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma jet

In this work, the bonding strength enhancement of heat-treated wood using a cold atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma jet for several lengths of treatment time was investigated. The enhancement of bonding strength was assessed by measurement of the contact angle of aqueous adhesive and water borne finish along with determination of compressive shear strength of wood samples bonded with an aqueous adhesive and pull-off strength of a water borne finish coating on wood samples. Additionally, the elemental composition and crystallinity index of the heat-treated wood surface were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. As expected, the measurements demonstrated that contact angle decreased after atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma jet treatment, and the optimal treatment time was 100 s. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that hydrophilic groups such as C=O, OH, and COOH appeared on the surface of the HW. The atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma jet treatment had a positive effect on the crystallinity of heat-treated wood because of a slight degradation of hemicelluloses. Increasing the bonding strength of heat-treated wood is beneficial for broadening the fields of its applications.     

Investigation of drying characteristics in superheated steam drying of UF-impregnated Chinese fir

Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin-impregnated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook.) was dried at different temperatures in an atmospheric pressure superheated steam dryer. Drying characteristics, moisture content, drying rate, temperature profile, drying defects, and color change were investigated. The moisture content was reduced from 66.21 to 11.79% within 30 h without causing severe drying defects; in contrast, the conventional hot air process required 7–8 days. After 25 h of drying, the temperatures at both the center and the surface of wood remained stable. After 34.5 h, the surface temperature gradually approached the steam temperature. The color of the superheated steam dried Chinese fir appeared slightly more intense yellow and red than the control. Investigation of the UF-impregnated Chinese fir wood by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the majority of the lumens and voids, including the microvoids in wood structure, was filled with urea formaldehyde resin.     

采用双螺杆磨浆机制备麦草漂白化机浆的研究

首先通过热水或NaOH预处理软化原料,最后采用NaOH/H2O2和制浆辅助剂处理秸秆纤维丝制备优质化机浆,并探讨了各工艺因素对化机浆的影响。结果表明:采用揉搓挤压机制浆,可以制得较好的碱性过氧化氢化机浆,较适宜的工艺条件为:麦草洗涤50~60℃、汽蒸10min;双螺旋磨浆机中主要化学品的加入量:NaOH 1.5%~3.0%、H2O24.0%~6.0%、DTPA 0.1%(100%计)、MgSO40.05%、Na2SiO31.5%。其废液总量较少,但SS、COD、BOD浓度较高。