以DMTNF为电子传输材料的单层结构有机光导体的研究

本论文系统地研究了在由DMTNF（TNF的一种衍生物）为电子传输材料，DEH为空穴传输材料和Y－TiOPc或H2Pc为电荷产生材料构成的单层结构有机光导体的静电照相性能。研究结果表明光导体的量子收率和感光度与CGM浓度和充电极性有很大依赖关系。Y－TiOPc光导体的最高峰在800nm处，半衰曝光量为0.588μJ/cm^2（正充电），0.828μJ/cm^2（负充电）：H2Pc光导体正充电最高峰在780nm处，半衰曝光量为1．50μJ/cm^2（正充电），半衰曝光量为1．97μJ/cm^2（负充电）。     

多组分单层结构有机光导体的研制

以Y－TiOPc为电荷产生材料并与电荷传输材料（包括电子传输材料与孔穴传输材料），共混于成膜树脂中制成三级分单层结构的有机光导体，系统考察研究了该有机光导体的静电照相性能，及各组分对有机光导体的影响。结果表明，以Y－TiOPc为电荷产生材料所制作的有机光导体在820nm处的正负半衰曝光量分别为（＋）O．28μJ／cm2和（一）0．22μJ／cm2，表现出极高的感光度、良好的双极性静电照相性；正负表面充电饱和电位一般都在600V以上；平均暗衰速度在10V／s～50V／s。     

互易律对有机光导体感光特性影响的研究

互易律对有机光导体的感光性能有何影响，通过对制备的以Y－TiOPc为电荷产生材料的有机光导体所作的测试实验，证明有机光导体并不遵守互易律，其感光度随光强的增加而降低，由于在光谱780－840nm波长范围内具有很高的感光度，故特别适合半导体激光扫描的要求。     

一种新的空穴传输材料三苯胺双醛二苯腙的合成及其光导特性

本文合成了静电复印用电荷传输材料三苯胺双醛二苯腙，并用元素分析和氢谱对其进行了表征。用此化合物做空穴传输材料、Y－TiOPc做电荷产生材料制备了双层结构光导器件，其E1／2为0．81ux.s。     

Y-TiOPc的合成制备及应用

对Y－TiOPc的合成制备、晶型调节、晶型的稳定性、静电照相性能进行了全面研究，结果表明所采取的制备技术路线合理，晶型调节容易，所制备的Y－TiOPc粒径在0.1μm左右，在整个可见光和近红外光谱区域表现出良好的吸收和光敏特性。以这种Y－TiOPc为电荷产生材料制成的功能分离型和三组份单层结构有机光导体，在半导体激光的发光波长范围均表现出良好的感光度，最低成像曝光量在0．2μJ／cm2～0.5μJ／cm2。用Y－TiOPc制作的有机光导鼓经测试也具有良好的打印效果。     

石墨烯在钙钛矿太阳能电池电荷传输层中应用进展

结合对石墨烯和钙钛矿太阳能电池材料薄膜制备方面的研究,归纳总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池电荷传输层的作用;介绍了常用电荷传输层材料品种及其不足;综述了石墨烯在太阳能电池电子传输层和空穴传输层中应用进展,以促进石墨烯在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的研究开发。目前,钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能稳定性较差,商业化开发难以启动。文章认为从设计和优化钙钛矿太阳电池电荷传输层复合材料着手,稳定和提高钙钛矿太阳能电池性能,可望取得事半功倍的效果。     

一种新型通讯电缆的推广使用——铜包铝镁用户电缆的推广使用

文章基于通讯市场光进铜退的时代背景,以DSL产品线控制用户电缆MDF的低成本化为目的,提出了铜包铝镁合金导体新型电缆,并结合各项性能测试对新材料电缆传输性能和物理参数进行了分析,验证了新型电缆在性能和成本上的突出优势,为该领域相关研究和工程应用予以借鉴。     

一种新型电荷传输材料的合成研究

通过三种方法合成了一种新型电荷传输材料１，１－双（对－二乙胺基苯基）－４，４－二苯基－１，３－丁二烯，其中利用格氏反应的合成方法具有总产率高、制备简便的优点，并对最终产物的纯化方法进行了探讨。     

利用空气带电电荷的控制改善短纤维纺纱条件

当两种不同的材料相互接触后再分开时,就产生静电荷。电子迁移到对电子吸引力大的材料上而使该材料带负电;另一种材料则失去电子而带正电。静电现象仅能在一种或两种绝缘材料间或不接地的材料间观察到。当材料是一种绝缘体,电荷可遗留在接触点上,如果是导体,则电荷会自行分配在导体的整个表面。如果一个带电的导体是接地的,那个电荷就会完全逸去。静电的效应在干燥空气中最显著,然而静电荷也可以积     

一种胶体电荷测定装置的改进

介绍了目前应用广泛的胶体电荷测定仪,针对其测量样品池提出一种改进方式。该装置在基于流动电流测量原理的前提下,引进数字数据蓝牙传输和无线供电的新技术。通过改变微弱流动电流的处理方式与信号传输模式,使流动电流信号在测量过程中减少损失,从而保证胶体电荷测量更加准确和方便。     

石墨烯/针织复合电极材料的制备及性能测试

为了满足柔性智能可穿戴电子产品的供电需求,设计了一种与之匹配的柔性超级电容器。电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的关键因素,为提高电极材料的电化学性能和耐弯曲性能,以针织物为基底,采用电化学沉积法制备石墨烯/针织复合电极材料。通过SEM测试表征电极材料的表观形貌及结构;通过恒流充放电、循环伏安以及交流阻抗等测试表征电极材料的电化学性能。试验结果表明:石墨烯/涤棉针织复合电极最佳电沉积时间为150 min,比电容为57.76 F/g、电阻为21.14Ω;经过1000次循环充放电后,电容保持率仍然可达82.2%,循环寿命长且耐弯曲性能优异。     

Comparison of electrokinetic properties of colloidal fullerenes (n-C60) formed using two procedures

In this study we report on the electrokinetic behavior of colloidal aggregates of C60fullerenes (n-C60) produced through two different techniques: solvent exchange and extended mixing with water. In the first technique, used to produce colloidal materials in several recent toxicity and transport studies, an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) is used to dissolve the C60 before mixing with water. The second technique is more indicative of conditions that might occur in natural aquatic systems. Both types of n-C60 were observed to be negatively charged under a variety of solution chemistries; however, the n-C60 formed using THF was more strongly charged. We conclude that n-C60 likely acquires charge through charge transfer from the organic solvent (when present) and surface hydrolysis reactions. Nevertheless, C60 is capable of acquiring charge and becoming dispersed as n-C60 in water without the aid of organic solvents, a pathway that may be important in determining the mobility of fullerenes in natural systems. These findings also show that n-C60 made using THF retains a portion of the solvent in the cluster structure, subsequently influencing the characteristics of the n-C60 and possibly requiring a re-interpretation of results from recent studies on n-C60 toxicity using THF-derived materials.     

锂离子电池过充电行为的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池正极活性材料、充电制度、热稳定性及过充保护添加剂等对锂离子电池过充电行为的影响,指出:优化正极材料的热稳定性、采用合理的充放电制度可防止因电池过充时温度过高而造成安全隐患;选择合理的过充保护添加剂是提高锂离子电池耐过充性能的主要措施.     

An ion diffusion model in semi-permeable clay materials

Clay materials typically contain negative surface charges that induce electrostatic fields (or diffuse double layers) in electrolytes. During ion diffusion in a porous medium of clay materials, ions dynamically interact with the electrostatic fields associated with individual clay grains by depressing or expanding the electrostatic double layers, which subsequently affects ionic fluxes. Current theory of ion transport in porous media, however, cannot explicitly account for the dynamic interactions. Here we proposed a model by coupling electrodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics (EDNT) to describe ion diffusion in clay materials as a complex function of factors including clay surface charge density, tortuosity, porosity, chemicoosmotic coefficient, and ion self-diffusivity. The model was validated by comparing the calculated and measured apparent ion diffusion coefficients in clay materials as a function of ionic strength. At transitional states, ion diffusive fluxes are dynamically related to the electrostatic fields, which shrink or expand as ion diffusion occurs. At steady states, the electrostatic fields are time-invariant and ion diffusive fluxes conform to flux and concentration gradient relationships; and apparent diffusivity can be approximated by the ion diffusivity in bulk electrolytes corrected by a tortuosity factor and macroscopic concentration discontinuities at the interfaces between clay materials and bulk solutions.     

CHARACTERISATION OF BEER PARTICLE CHARGES AND THE ROLE OF PARTICLE CHARGE IN BEER PROCESSING

Streaming current measurement has been shown to be an effective tool in measuring the net charge of beer particles. Using this method, it was demonstrated that non-microbiological particles of a number of beers could be either positively or negatively charged. Copper fining has been shown to significantly affect the net charge of the NMP in the resultant beer. Increasing the copper fining rate enhances the negative net charge of the NMP to a limiting value at which the addition of further copper finings has no effect. This is believed to correspond to the complete removal of all of the positively charged NMP by copper fining. The reduction in pH during fermentation results in the production of further positively charged NMP. The presence of positively charged NMP has been shown to have an adverse effect on isinglass fining performance. These results suggest that choice of raw materials and process conditions play as much of a role in defining fining performance as does careful consideration of fining rates .     

摩擦驻极对聚四氟乙烯纤维非织造布过滤性能的影响

为研究聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维在加工过程中的摩擦效应所产生的静电荷对非织造材料过滤效率的影响机制,制备高效低阻的非织造过滤材料。选取PTFE纤维为原料,经过短纤维梳理、针刺复合制备了不同面密度的PTFE纤维针刺非织造布,测试了摩擦驻极后0~40 d内非织造布的表面静电势以及过滤性能,并分析了针刺非织造布的电荷存储稳定性。结果表明:经过梳理、针刺加工的PTFE纤维非织造布具有很高的过滤效率和较低的过滤阻力;面密度越大,非织造布的表面电势越大,过滤效率越高,面密度为220 g/m2的PTFE纤维摩擦驻极过滤材料对0.26μm颗粒物的过滤效率可达99%以上,并且静电衰减周期较长;水浸泡对静电衰减的影响较小。     

Evaluation and improvement of thermo-physiological comfort properties of firefighters’ protective clothing containing super absorbent materials

In this research, super absorbent materials were incorporated into the internal layer of the firefighters’ protective clothing with the aim of increasing absorption of sweat to improve the thermo-physiological comfort properties. The performance properties were evaluated following the standard test methods (ISO 6942:2002 and ISO 9151: 1995(E)) and the thermo-physiological comfort-related properties were evaluated by measuring the transport properties such as air permeability, water sorption and evaporation, thermal resistance and water vapour resistance of the fabric assemblies with super absorbent materials. The results indicated that it is possible to improve the comfort properties of the protective clothing by the incorporation of super absorbent materials into the internal layer. The use of super absorbent materials is likely to help in the absorption of sweat in higher amount and keeping the skin and internal microclimate dry, which in turn improves the comfort level. The performance properties of all the combinations satisfied the requirements for firefighter’s clothing as mentioned in AS/NZS 4967-2009.     

纸张涂层材料自渗吸研究现状和进展

油墨等流体在纸张涂层中的传输直接由涂层本身的渗吸性能所决定。很多印刷质量问题（如墨斑、色彩的均匀性、洇色等）都与涂层材料的渗吸特性关系密切。本文从国内油墨流体在纸张渗透/渗吸行为研究中容易产生的一些认识误区出发,讨论了涂层结构对自渗吸过程的影响、经典渗吸模型在涂层材料渗吸表征上的应用及存在的问题。简述了渗吸模型的修正及渗吸机制模型研究中可行技术手段,最后总结了我国在纸张涂层材料渗吸性能方面的研究与国外的差距。     

Preparation of a novel TiO2-based p-n junction nanotube photocatalyst

TiO2 nanotube semiconductors contain free spaces in their interior that can be filled with active materials such as chemical compounds, enzymes, and noble metals, giving them a fundamental advantage over colloids. Although the unique shape of semiconductor nanotubes makes them promising for a range of potential applications, significant developmental research is required. In this research, a novel TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst was prepared that has a p-n junction. The photocatalyst particle surface is physically divided into reduction and oxidation surfaces, which poses a potential driving force for the transport of photogenerated charge carriers. The structure of this nanotube catalyst was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The catalyst activity was evaluated by coating the catalyst on HEPA filters and determining the destruction rate of toluene in air. The p-n junction nanotube catalyst was shown to have a much higher photocatalytic destruction rate than that of commercially available, nonnanotube structured material, and a higher destruction rate for nanotube catalysts that did not contain a p-n junction.     

Improving Biogas Separation and Methane Storage with Multilayer Graphene Nanostructure via Layer Spacing Optimization and Lithium Doping: A Molecular Simulation Investigation

Methane is a desirable alternative to conventional fossil fuels, and also a main component of biogas from anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes. However, its relatively lower purity and poor storage by existing adsorbent materials negatively affect its wide application. Thus, efficient, cost-effective, and safe adsorbent materials for methane purification and storage are highly desired. In this study, multilayer graphene nanostructures (MGNs) with optimized structure are investigated as a potential adsorbent for this purpose. The effects of layer distance and Li doping on MGN performance in terms of methane storage and acid gas (H(2)S and CO(2)) separation from biogas are examined by molecular simulations. The mechanisms for the interactions between gas molecules and substrates are elucidated by analyzing the binding energy, geometric structures, and charge distribution from the first-principles calculations. The results show that nonhydrocarbons in biogas can be effectively separated using Li-doped MGNs with the optimal layer distance of 0.68 nm, and then the pure methane gas can be stored in MGNs with capacity satisfying the DOE target. This work offers a molecular-level insight into the interactions between gas molecules and MGNs and might provide useful information for development of new materials for methane purification and storage.