低温处理对4个葡萄砧木品种抗寒生理指标的影响

以1年生贝达、SO4、5BB、抗砧3号葡萄砧木枝条为试材,经不同低温胁迫处理4 h后,测定不同葡萄砧木品种枝条中的相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性总糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。试验结果表明,随着处理温度的降低,各品种电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量明显增加;总糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量总体呈上升趋势。对供试品种的抗寒性进行了综合评价,得出4个供试葡萄砧木品种抗寒性强弱顺序为贝达5BB抗砧3号SO4。     

酿酒葡萄抗寒性评价及分类

为鉴定酿酒葡萄种质的抗寒能力,以15个酿酒葡萄枝条为试材,设置﹣15、﹣18、﹣21、﹣24、﹣27、﹣30 ℃ 6个低温冷冻处理,2 ℃下保存的枝条为对照,测定相对电导率、游离脯氨酸及丙二醛等抗寒指标及半致死温度变化。结果表明,‘西拉’相对电导率显著高于其他品种;‘法国蓝’的游离脯氨酸含量明显高于其他品种;‘马瑟兰’的丙二醛含量明显低于其他品种;依据抗寒指标将15个酿酒葡萄聚为7类。基于半致死温度将供试品种聚为3类,第Ⅱ类是‘西拉’‘德引84-5’,第Ⅲ类是‘埃兰菲舍尔’,其余的酿酒葡萄品种全部被划分为Ⅰ类,抗寒能力由强到弱依次是:Ⅲ类Ⅰ类Ⅱ类。通过聚类分析将供试品种分为不同类别,以期为今后抗寒育种研究提供一定的理论支持。     

外源水杨酸对低温胁迫下低温敏感性不同的烤烟品种烟叶生理特性的影响

  目的  探究低温胁迫下外源水杨酸对低温敏感型不同烤烟品种叶片生理特性的影响,并筛选最佳外源水杨酸的缓解浓度。  方法  以低温不敏感型品种红花大金元及低温敏感型品种K326为材料,通过盆栽试验研究不同浓度外源水杨酸对4℃低温胁迫下红花大金元和K326叶片相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及多酚代谢的影响。  结果  低温胁迫下,2个低温敏感性不同的烤烟品种的相对电导率、丙二醛含量、多酚氧化酶活性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著上升,其中,K326的丙二醛含量上升幅度远大于红花大金元,达94.07%;而3个抗氧化酶活性均被显著降低,K326的可溶性糖含量及总酚含量、红花大金元的可溶性蛋白含量均显著上升。施加外源水杨酸后,K326及红花大金元的叶片相对电导率及丙二醛含量均显著降低,而3个抗氧化酶活性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著上升,红花大金元的可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量、K326的总酚含量均显著上升;当外源水杨酸浓度为50~100 mg/L时对各个指标的缓解效果较好。  结论  外源水杨酸浓度50 mg/L处理对红花大金元及K326的缓解效果均达到最佳。      

不同基因型甜菜幼苗对低磷胁迫的生物学响应

利用营养液培养的方法,研究了两个不同基因型甜菜品种幼苗在低磷胁迫下叶片1.5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)含量、蛋白水解酶活性、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的变化及对膜脂过氧化作用的影响.结果表明:低磷处理3-7d,两品种地上部脯氨酸及地上部和根中丙二醛(MDA)和H202含量均有不同程度增加.经过处理,显著加速了两个甜菜品种幼苗蛋白水解酶活性的上升和Rubisco30含量的下降;ZD204甜菜在低磷胁迫下H2O2、MDA含量和蛋白水解酶活性的上升幅度明显大于KWS9419,相应其Rubis-co含量的下降程度也大于KWS9419;但KWS9419的脯氨酸含量比ZD204增加显著,处理7d后,ZD204幼苗的蛋白质含量明显降低.ZD204为磷敏感型品种.     

采前喷钙对黄瓜采后冷藏品质的影响

冷害是限制黄瓜低温贮藏和运输的主要因素,以黄瓜品种‘露地二号’为试材,对黄瓜叶面进行采前喷施CaCl2,以增加黄瓜的耐冷性,研究采前喷钙对黄瓜采后冷藏（4±0.5） ℃品质的影响,为春冬两季黄瓜的长途运输和贮藏提供参考。结果表明,冷藏期间各处理冷害指数、丙二醛含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量冷藏期间均上升;硬度降低,色泽变暗,可溶固形物含量和主要香气物质相对含量均减少。冷藏结束时,0.75%、1% CaCl2处理黄瓜的冷害指数最小为0.3,而且丙二醛含量和相对电导率均显著低于对照（P＜0.05）;钙处理黄瓜的硬度均比对照大,CaCl2质量分数越大硬度越大。0.75%和1% CaCl2处理黄瓜含有更多的可溶性固形物,脯氨酸生成量也较多,主要的香气物质相对含量也较大,并且在贮藏期间色泽保持均比对照好。综合考虑,最终确定0.75% CaCl2处理为黄瓜喷钙的最佳质量分数,能较好地维持黄瓜采后品质,将冷害症状出现延迟了4 d。     

不同砧木的赤霞珠和弗蕾无核葡萄枝条抗寒性差异研究

通过不同低温(-10℃、-15℃、-20℃)胁迫4 h后,以弗蕾无核、弗蕾无核/抗砧1号、弗蕾无核/抗砧5号、弗蕾无核/1103等6个砧穗组合的接穗品种枝条和弗蕾无核、赤霞珠2个品种自根苗的1年生成熟枝条为试材。通过测定相对电导率、可溶性蛋白质、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和丙二醛对不同砧木的赤霞珠和弗蕾无核枝条的抗寒性进行鉴定。结果表明:对于弗蕾无核,在抗砧1号、抗砧5号、1103等3个砧木中,抗砧1号、抗砧5号可以提高接穗品种弗蕾无核枝条的抗寒性;对于赤霞珠葡萄,1103、101-14、Ru140等3个砧木中,1103、101-14可以提高接穗品种赤霞珠葡萄枝条的抗寒性。     

六个葡萄砧木品种(系)的抗寒性评价

以6个葡萄砧木的1年生枝条为材料,利用高低温交变试验箱模拟低温,设置﹣14、﹣18、﹣22、﹣26、﹣30 ℃5个处理,以4 ℃为对照,测定相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,以相对电导率结合Logistic方程预测各砧木的半致死温度(LT₅₀),并用隶属函数法对其抗寒性进行综合评价,以筛选抗寒性强的砧木品种(系),为河西地区砧木的选择利用及抗寒栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,低温处理后,各砧木的抗寒相关指标均升高,但增加幅度各有不同,CFS57-34的相对电导率、MDA的增幅最小,P40-151的增幅最大;游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及CAT活性的变化则相反;预测得出CFS57-34的LT₅₀最低,为﹣25.86 ℃,P40-151的LT₅₀最高,为﹣21.85 ℃;隶属函数综合分析各砧木抗寒性强弱顺序为CFS57-34>1103P-113>101-141>SO4-762>SO4-102>P40-151。引入武威地区的6个砧木...     

甘蓝型油菜耐湿性初步评价和主成分分析

以发芽种子缺氧处理后幼苗耐湿性状为指标,初步评价了60份不同来源甘蓝型油菜耐湿性,并对各指标进行主成分分析和二维排序分析。结果表明：种子缺氧处理严重抑制油菜幼苗的生长,不同甘蓝型油菜耐湿性差异明显且存在广泛的遗传变异;相关分析表明,相对活力指数与相对成苗率、相对根长、相对茎长、相对鲜重、相对含水量呈极显著正相关,与电导率呈极显著负相关。主成分分析筛选出幼苗活力因子、幼苗恢复生长因子、细胞膜稳定性因子等3个对耐湿性贡献较大的主成分,它们对耐湿相关信息的累积贡献率达87.33%。根据相对活力指数大小和二维排序一致结果筛选出1份来自重庆和3份来自德国的强耐湿性甘蓝型油菜品种。     

低温条件下不同品种桃果实的耐藏性差异研究

研究15个品种桃果实在0℃贮藏期和20℃、3d货架期下硬度、出汁率、电导率、乙烯释放量、果肉褐变指标的变化以及感官评价情况,探讨不同品种桃果实在低温下以及货架期冷害表现的差异。结果表明：在低温下贮藏,不同品种桃果实硬度、出汁率、电导率变化差异较大;油桃75号、金童7号、瑞蟠4号、京玉和华玉品种桃果实在贮藏期间果实果肉不褐变,其他品种桃果实在30d以后都有不同程度的褐变,绿化9号在贮藏初期就出现褐变现象;20℃、3d货架期后,除油桃75号和金童7号,其他品种桃果实都在不同时期出现了不同程度的硬度反弹现象;不同品种桃果实出汁率和组织相对电导率出现峰值的时间不同,出现乙烯释放高峰的时间也不同;随着贮藏时间的延长果实褐变严重。由此可见,不同品种桃果实对低温的敏感性不同,在货架期冷害表现差异较大。油桃75号、金童7号对低温的敏感性最低;大久保、瑞蟠3号、瑞蟠4号、晚24号、京玉、华玉、京艳和艳丰对低温较敏感;大东、绿化9号、高峰、碧霞、中华寿桃对低温最敏感,极易发生冷害。     

混合药剂对受O3伤害烟草的保护作用及生理响应

在控制条件下,喷施甲基托布津和芸苔素内酯处理后,在低温加O3胁迫下诱发烟草气候斑,调查气候斑发生情况,同时测定叶片中叶绿素含量、相对电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氧酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性等生理指标.结果表明:喷施甲基托布津和芸苔素内酯混配药剂后,病情指数仅为清水对照的37.78%;在低温加O3胁迫下,经该混配药剂处理能维持叶片相对电导率,与25℃生长条件下没有显著差异(P>0.05),而超氰化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)活性均升高,比清水对照分别高232.8%、51.1%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比25℃生长条件下略有下降,但比清水对照高,且有显著差异(P<0.05).     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press