PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米高岭土三元复合材料的制备方法及性能

研究不同制备工艺对PA66/POE-g-MAH/改性纳米高岭土复合材料力学性能的影响以及POE-g-MAH分散相颗粒和改性纳米高岭土在PA66基体中的分散状况.结果表明:改性纳米高岭土的加入能有效提高复合材料的常温和低温冲击强度;母料法能较为均衡地提高不同纳米粒子添加量复合材料的常温冲击强度.亚微相态表明:改性纳米高岭土在基体中分散均匀.     

PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO_2复合材料的制备及性能

通过熔融共混的方法制备PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO_2三元共混体系,研究纳米SiO_2、POE-g-MAH对PA66力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:POE-g-MAH与纳米SiO_2对PA66有协同增韧效应,当PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO_2配比为100/30/0.1时,复合体系的缺口冲击强度达到最大,为纯PA66的10.9倍,为PA66/POE-g-MAH(100/30)二元体系的1.8倍;低温缺口冲击强度也达到最大,为纯PA66的6.3倍.用扫描电镜观察分析冲击断口形态.     

无机纳米粒子/PA66/POE-g-MAH复合材料研究

用POE-g-MAH对PA66进行增韧,分别再添加纳米SiO2和纳米CaCO3,研究了两种无机纳米粒子在PA66/POE-g-MAH共混体系中的作用。结果表明,PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2三元共混体系质量比为100/30/0.1时,共混体系的缺口冲击强度是纯PA66的10.9倍;质量比为100/20/0.1时,缺口冲击强度是纯PA66的4.4倍。PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米CaCO3三元共混体系配比为100/20/1时,共混体系的缺口冲击强度是纯PA66的3倍。冲击断口的微观形态观察表明,纳米SiO分散均匀,团聚现象少,纳米SiO在体系中的增韧效果优于纳米CaCO。     

PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和力学性能

研究了纳米SiO2和马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)对PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料形态和力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米SiO2含量小于或等于1份时,只有少量团聚;超过1份后,纳米SiO2有明显团聚现象;纳米SiO2和POE-g-MAH具有一定的协同增韧作用,在PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2质量比为85/15/1时,复合材料的冲击强度达到最大,为PA6的10倍;复合材料的低温冲击强度也得到明显提高,达到PA6的3.3倍.     

PA66/POE/POE-g-MAH的分散相形态与力学性能研究

以(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物(POE)和马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)并用,制备了尼龙(PA)66/POE/POE-g-MAH合金,研究了POE-g-MAH用量对合金形态结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着POE-g-MAH含量的增加,PA66/POE/POE-g-MAH合金的形态结构得到明显改善,弹性体分散相粒径细化且分布均匀,冲击强度显著提高;分散相粒径越小,粒径分布越均匀,POE-g-MAH较好增韧PA66的粒径范围是0.1～0.3μm;弹性体含量一定时,合金的缺口冲击强度随弹性体的细化而增大,但拉伸屈服强度和拉伸弹性模量不受影响.     

PP/PA66/POE-g-MAH共混体系的熔体强度

将尼龙66( PA66)、普通聚丙烯(PP)、POE-g-MAH共混,改善聚丙烯的熔体强度,应用熔体强度测试仪直接测量了改性PP的熔体强度,并对改性PP的红外光谱及微观形态进行了研究分析.研究结果表明:该方法可以提高聚丙烯的熔体强度,其改性效果与PA66和POE-g-MAH的用量及配比有关.     

共聚PA6/66在PA66/GF复合材料中的应用

以共聚尼龙(PA)6/66和POE-g-MAH作为增韧剂,采用熔融共混法对PA66/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料进行增韧改性,考察两种增韧剂用量对其结晶行为、力学性能、热变形温度(HDT)和熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响。结果表明,高用量的POE-g-MAH对复合材料中PA66的结晶有一定阻碍作用,而共聚PA6/66对PA66的结晶性能影响较小;随着共聚PA6/66和POE-g-MAH用量的提高,PA66/GF复合材料的冲击强度明显提高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和HDT则逐渐下降;与POE-g-MAH相比,共聚PA6/66对拉伸及弯曲强度和HDT的不利影响较小,且略微提高了复合材料的MFR,而POE-g-MAH大幅降低了复合材料的MFR。当两种增韧剂的质量分数均为12%时,共聚PA6/66和POE-g-MAH增韧的复合材料的无缺口冲击强度和缺口冲击强度基本相当,但前者在拉伸强度、弯曲强度、HDT和MFR方面均有更明显的优势。     

POE-g-MAH对PA66/纳米TiO_2复合材料力学性能及相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙(PA)66/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)/纳米TiO2复合材料,通过万能材料试验机、冲击试验机、熔体流动速率(MFR)测试仪等研究了POE-g-MAH对复合材料力学性能及MFR的影响,利用Molau实验和FSEM考察了POE-g-MAH与PA66的相容性。结果显示,POE-g-MAH与PA66基体有很好的相容性;随着POE-g-MAH用量的增加,PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米TiO2复合材料的缺口冲击强度逐渐增加,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量及MFR逐渐降低;当POE-g-MAH质量分数为12%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量和MFR分别为20.89kJ/m2,41.15MPa,64.2MPa,1428.15MPa和19.2g/(10min)。     

尼龙6、纳米碳酸钙共混改性PP的研究

采用尼龙6(PA6)和纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)共混改性聚丙烯(PP),研究了PA6和纳米CaCO3用量对改性PP力学性能的影响,并研究了PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH两种相容剂对体系的不同影响。结果表明,体系性能最佳的配比为PP/PA/CaCO3/POE-g-MAH=100/14/12/25(质量比),改性PP的冲击强度约为纯PP的780%,而弯曲和拉伸强度只比纯PP略有下降。     

POE-g-MAH和CaCO_3协同增韧增强PA66的研究

采用熔融挤出过程中改变螺杆转速和添加引发剂的复合引发方法制备了聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-gMAH),将其单独或与CaCO_3混合后改性聚酰胺66(PA66)。研究了175℃下引发剂用量、螺杆转速对POE-g-MAH的熔体流动速率、接枝率的影响。探讨了接枝物和碳酸钙对PA66力学性能、热变形温度的影响。结果表明:提高螺杆转速可以有效控制接枝物凝胶含量,增大接枝率和熔体流动速率;二元复合材料PA66/POE-g-MAH在接枝物为30份时缺口冲击强度为22.57kJ/m~2,是纯PA66的2.56倍,热变形温度呈下降趋势;碳酸钙与POE-g-MAH能够协同增韧PA66,碳酸钙为15份时三元复合材料的力学性能和热变形温度最佳。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.