绿色制造用高性能水基全合成切削液研究

为研制一种高性能的水基全合成切削液,通过试验筛选出对微生物稳定的润滑材料,如异构饱和脂肪酸、咆和醇酯、脂肪醇胺、PAG;为提高切削液的渗透性和冷却性,采用具有润滑、抑泡作用的聚醚型非离子和阴离子表面活性剂复配;选用具有极压抗磨性和防锈性的硼酸醇胺,以及选用铝缓蚀剂和消泡剂等.经过正交试验优化了配方,成功研制出一种长寿命、环保、高性能的水基全合成切削液,并进行推广应用,实现切削液的零排放以及制造业的绿色化.     

棕榈油合成的烷醇酰胺作为水基切削液添加剂的性能

通过棕榈油与有机醇胺的二步法反应,制备出6502型烷醇酰胺。将质量分数13%的6502型烷醇酰胺作为添加剂加入全合成水基金属切削液中,对其性能进行研究。结果表明,该切削液具有良好的极压抗磨性和耐腐蚀性,其摩擦因数可低至0.062,最大无卡咬负荷(pB值)达到367 N;对一级灰口铸铁的耐腐蚀性能达到A级(24 h);各种性能均达到GB/T 6144-2010标准。     

自乳化酯在全合成切削液中的性能研究

为探讨自乳化酯作为全合成切削液主润滑剂的可能性,以聚醚、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、自乳化酯为润滑剂调配了不同的合成切削液;采用四球抗磨试验机以及攻丝扭矩试验机、液体循环泡沫试验机,考察3种润滑剂在全合成切削液中的润滑性能、抗磨性能及抗泡性能。结果表明:自乳化酯能有效提高全合成切削液的润滑性能和抗磨性能,其润滑性能及抗磨性能与四聚蓖麻油酸酯相当;自乳化酯的抗泡性能显著优于四聚蓖麻油酸酯,与聚醚类润滑剂抗泡性能相当。自乳化酯具有良好的润滑及抗磨作用,且泡沫相对较低,可以与其他类型添加剂复配,用于全合成切削液中。     

未来切削液的展望

分析了２１世纪切削加工业对切削液技术的新要求，探讨了未来切削液的发展趋势。指出提高切削液质量和水平的关键是添加剂，在切削液中应限制使用对人体和生态有害的添加剂，如亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、氯化合物、甲醛、苯酚及类似的化合物；提出象硼酸酯（盐）、钼酸盐等新型盐类是未来切削液理想的添加剂。     

新型全合成切削液的研究和应用

为了探讨全合成切削液润滑性能进一步提升的可能性,对比传统全合成切削液以聚醚,脂肪酸,或者四聚蓖麻油酸酯,自乳化酯为润滑主体的产品,采用聚醚加聚醚酯,搭配少量磷酸酯做为润滑主体,通过Micro Tap攻丝扭矩仪,鼓泡机等仪器以及客户现场试验对产品的润滑性能,泡沫性能,腐蚀性能,防锈性能,抗菌性能进行测试,经过测试发现,以聚醚酯为润滑主体体系的全合成切削液,其润滑性能要优于传统聚醚体系和自乳化体系的切削液,同时泡沫性能明显优于自乳化体系的全合成切削液,在工厂使用现场也表现出优良的抗硬水性能和抗杂油性能。     

绿色(环保)切削液的应用与展望

根据绿色制造的理念，分析了对切削液技术的新要求，探讨了绿色(环保)切削液的发展趋势。提出了研发新型切削液的评价指标要求。倡导在金属切削液中限制使用对生态和人体有害的添加剂，建议使用硼酸脂(盐)、钼酸盐等绿色环保型添加剂。     

多功能金属加工助剂的制备及性能研究

采用不同的有机羧酸醇胺盐作为防锈剂与丙二醇嵌段聚醚酯消泡剂复配,制备了多功能金属加工助剂,并研究其消泡、防锈、润滑性能。结果表明:防锈剂分子中极性基团越多,防锈剂添加量越大,防锈性能越好;添加防锈剂会削弱金属加工助剂的消泡效果,消泡性能随防锈剂添加量的增加而减弱;水溶液pH值对防锈性影响较大,较高的pH值对防锈及抑制工作液的腐败有一定的积极作用,而pH值对消泡性能影响较小。正交试验结果表明:采用质量比为1∶2的三元羧酸(三己酸-6,6′,6″-三聚氰胺)醇胺盐和蓖麻油酸醇胺盐为复合防锈剂,聚醚酯与复合防锈剂质量比为2∶1时,制备的金属加工助剂不仅具有良好的消泡效果,还具备良好的防锈性。通过考察润滑性能发现,该金属加工助剂还能显著提高水的承载能力,表现出较好的极压、抗磨减摩特性及润滑稳定性。     

环境友好无氯极压微乳切削液的研制与应用

通过大量实验筛选出环境友好微乳切削液所需的乳化剂、油性剂、极压剂、防锈剂等添加剂,并用正交实验法确定了微乳切削液的配方。测试和实际应用结果表明,研制的无氯极压微乳切削液具有优良的稳定性、极压性、抗磨性和防锈性,各项指标与进口同类产品相当,且不含对环境有污染的氯化石蜡、亚硝酸盐和苯酚等物质,可替代进口同类产品。     

采用正交试验法的环保型水基合成切削液配方优化设计

采用正交试验法优化设计了不含亚硝酸盐、磷、硫、苯酚等有害元素的环保型水基合成切削液。该配方采用羧酸酯、羧酸醇胺等有机防锈剂与其它无机防锈剂协同防锈,采用合成硼酸酯、硼酸盐和油酸三乙醇胺作为润滑剂和极压剂。该切削液具有优良的润滑性、防锈性、冷却性、清洗性、防腐性和可降解性。     

关于绿色切削液研究开发的几点思考

本文简述了传统切削液存在的危害，提出了开发绿色切削液的必要性，并提出了研究开发绿色切削液的基本要求，基础油和添加剂的选用原则，以及一些值得重视的问题。     

Boric acid and borax as antiscoring additives to glycerin-based lubricant

Boric acid and borax, which are used as antiscoring additives to an environmentally friendly glycerin-based lubricant, have been studied. It is shown that the adsorption of borax obeys the Langmuir isotherm. The equilibrium constants of the adsorption of the additives and the energy of the adsorption are estimated. It has been found that borax is a more effective antiscoring additive than boric acid. For borax used as the additive, the dependence of the coefficient of friction on the load applied to a friction unit is studied and interpreted.     

切削液防锈剂的研究

以硼酸酯、取代苯甲酸乙醇胺盐、葡萄糖酸钠三者为混合防锈剂应用于切削液中，其中硼酸酯和取代苯甲酸乙醇胺盐有明显的协同效应。实际配方中硼酸酯、取代苯甲酸乙醇胺盐、葡萄糖酸钠的含量分别为10％、6％和1％。所得切削液有较好的防锈性能，使用寿命长，适合于多种金属材料的多种加工工艺。     

Lubrication performance of model organic compounds in high oleic sunflower oil

Genetically modified sunflower oil, so called ‘high oleic’ sunflower oil, is a promising and environmentally friendly fluid that possesses many advantages as a lubricating oil. It will be more usable if its performance as lubricating oil can be optimised by additives. In the present study, we have examined model friction modifiers under boundary lubrication conditions to understand their applicability to vegetable oils. Octadecanoic acid provides good lubricity. Octadecyl amine and octadecanamide are also acceptable, whereas octadecane thiol exhibits a negative effect on lubricity.     

Experimental investigations of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure during turning of AISI 304L

Experimental studies on the performances of both new developed environmental friendly vegetable based cutting fluids (refined sunflower and canola oils) including different percentage of extreme pressure (EP) additive and two commercial cutting fluids (semi-synthetic and mineral cutting fluids) in turning processes were reported in this work. Performances of cutting fluids were compared with respect to surface roughness, cutting and feed forces and tool wear during longitudinal turning of AISI 304L. Experimental results were also compared with dry cutting conditions. The results indicated that 8% of EP included canola based cutting fluid performed better than the rest.     

Experimental investigations of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure during turning of AISI 304L

Experimental studies on the performances of both new developed environmental friendly vegetable based cutting fluids (refined sunflower and canola oils) including different percentage of extreme pressure (EP) additive and two commercial cutting fluids (semi-synthetic and mineral cutting fluids) in turning processes were reported in this work. Performances of cutting fluids were compared with respect to surface roughness, cutting and feed forces and tool wear during longitudinal turning of AISI 304L. Experimental results were also compared with dry cutting conditions. The results indicated that 8% of EP included canola based cutting fluid performed better than the rest.     

Ecological cutting: Feasible or not?

This paper describes the results of a two-year research project on ecological cutting, in which four different applications, namely, cutting, pocket milling, face milling, and drilling, were investigated under dry and lubricated conditions. A traditional cutting fluid and an environmentally friendly cutting fluid were used for the latter. TiN-, Ti (C,N), and (Ti,Al)N-coated tools were tested, together with commercially-available multilayer coated tools, to analyse to what extent the use of coatings could reduce or even eliminate the need for cutting fluids. The machined materials include an unalloyed steel, I.0503, a low alloyed steel, 1.2312, a stainless steel, 1.4306, and cast iron, ADI. End-of- life tests were done in all cases and the wear of the tools was examined with SEM. The research showed that the results are strongly dependent on the application. For cutting, coated tools result in the best tool lives although tools used under lubricated conditions still outperform their dry used counterparts. For milling, dry machining is advantageous. The drilling tests showed better results under lubricated conditions mainly due to the cooling and chip removal capacity of the lubricants. In this case, the (Ti,Al)N-coated drill out-performed the commercially available coated tool.     

十二酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯的制备及其在半合成切削液中的应用

采用十二酸、二乙醇胺和硼酸为原料制备十二酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析其结构。将一定量的该硼酸酯加入基础油中制备一种半合成切削液,分析其腐蚀性能和防锈性能,并通过四球摩擦试验机测试其极压抗磨性能。结果表明;制备的硼酸酯在半合成切削液中具有良好的极压抗磨性能,当硼酸酯的质量分数为11.3%时,5%切削液稀释液的摩擦因数达到0.056,最大无卡咬负荷达到392 N。采用该硼酸酯制备的半合成切削液的各性能指标达到GB/T 6144-2010标准。     

钛合金切削润滑研究现状与发展趋势*

钛合金在航空航天、生物医疗等领域具有广泛而重要的应用,但钛合金是典型的难加工金属,其切削润滑问题是制约钛合金加工效率与质量的关键所在,目前尚未得到较好的解决。从钛合金切削中的摩擦学问题、切削润滑问题、水基润滑问题三方面介绍钛合金切削润滑研究现状,以有望解决钛合金切削润滑问题的水基润滑为基础,从适合于钛合金切削润滑的微量润滑技术及纳米颗粒增效两方面探讨钛合金切削水基润滑研究的发展趋势,并总结以水基润滑剂为基础的高性能钛合金切削液体系设计是未来研发新型高效环保钛合金切削液的重要途径。     

水溶性磺酸盐在难燃液压液中的性能研究

为提高环境友好型润滑油极压抗磨添加剂三嗪衍生物的水溶性,将水溶性和防锈性良好的官能团磺酸盐引入三嗪衍生物,合成2种含磺酸盐的三嗪衍生物STB和STC,并评价其在水-乙二醇难燃液压液(HFC)中的理化性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明:STB和STC水基润滑添加剂在HFC中能够起到很好的极压抗磨减摩作用,其中质量分数2%STB和1%STC可使HFC的极压值提高到696 N,相比基础油液的极压值提高了109%。SEM和XPS分析结果表明,添加剂在摩擦过程中发生了化学反应,生成了无机硫化物和有机氮等组成的复杂边界润滑膜,从而起到了良好的抗磨减摩作用。