石油化工含苯储罐油气收集及回收系统的工艺设计

储罐区VOCs治理主要采用油气回收技术,包括油气收集系统和末端油气回收装置。结合案例,通过对石油化工含苯储罐的特点进行分析,设计一种油气收集及回收系统工艺流程,确定工艺参数,重点解决油气收集的压力控制和安全控制的难题,提高了系统稳定性和安全性。     

变温吸收法回收装车挥发气工艺研究及应用

对如何回收装车挥发气的方法进行了对比研究,着重介绍了变温吸收法在实际生产中的应用发挥的作用,确定了现有敞口装车挥发气的变温吸收法的回收工艺流程,同时还对轻烃装车部分工艺进行了改造,密闭装车系统和油气回收装置的投用,降低了装车过程中油气的挥发损耗,确保了油气回收率达到95％以上,经济效益十分明显。     

煤制天然气装置有机废气处理经验总结

伊犁新天煤化工有限责任公司煤制天然气装置采用鲁奇碎煤加压气化、耐硫部分变换、林德低温甲醇洗、戴维甲烷化工艺等,配套空分装置、热电装置及煤气水分离系统、酚回收系统、污水处理装置、多效蒸发系统、中水回用系统等,于2017年3月投产,当时有机废气处理工艺还不成熟。近年来新天煤化持续对有机废气的处理进行摸索与总结,不断地进行操作调整与优化改进,2018年9月建成投运油气回收装置处理储罐呼吸气和装车气,2020年8月建成投运蓄热式热氧化装置处理低温甲醇洗尾气及生化池废气,取得了较好的VOCs治理效果,实现了环保设施的长周期稳定运行;尤其是油气回收装置的建成投运并将其尾气并入蓄热式热氧化装置处理,彻底解决了储罐区有机废气的处置难题,为煤化工企业储罐区有机废气处理(方式)提供了新方向,可为业内提供一些参考与借鉴。     

油气回收装置优化运行方案

北方华锦化学工业集团炼化分公司建有装车尾气回收装置两套,这两套装置均采用冷凝+吸附工艺方案,于2018年8月开始试运行,其尾气经检测符合《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》(GB31570-2015)中的排放要求。根据本油气回收装置试生产期间出现的各种问题,结合相关分析指标,归纳出油气回收系统排放指标波动的原因,并提出了解决方案。     

冷凝法回收油气问题的探讨

本文着重探讨在石油化工厂中利用引进的ＤＥ４８００型油气回收装置,回收轻质油品装车系统油气的经济效益与社会效益。     

重污油储罐尾气治理技术改造方案的应用与探讨

针对某炼油厂焦化装置3台重污油罐的尾气回收和处理技术改造方案进行了详细阐述和探讨,包括油气回收处理经济技术比较、储罐尾气收集和工艺处理流程、对在役储罐及工艺管线实施改造以及增设油气凝液分液回收设施等.通过完善储罐的安全附件和氮封系统,运用系统压力控制及仪表联锁控制,达到重污油罐尾气得到有效治理和储运设施安全运行的目的.     

陆地原油终端装车VOCs通火炬焚烧工艺分析

随着国家对VOCs的管控升级,陆地原油终端装车过程挥发的油气VOCs必须进行收集治理达标后才能排放。通过对装车油气压缩后直接进火炬系统焚烧和增加冷凝吸附处理装置处理后进火炬系统焚烧2种方案进行分析,都存在入口氧含量超标,油气浓度超过爆炸下限10%的问题,出于保护火炬系统安全的考虑,装车过程收集的油气VOCs不建议通往火炬进行焚烧处理,推荐采用低温柴油/冷凝+吸附+催化氧化的组合工艺实现装车油气的达标排放。     

储罐油气回收技术的创新及工业化应用

为解决储运罐区和污水处理厂污水污油罐等储罐油气排放污染环境现状,采用热力燃烧工艺治理储罐呼吸气;研创了储罐紧急切断和系统安全联锁控制的技术,解决了油气收集压力控制和安全控制的难题,提高了系统稳定性和安全型;实现了各储罐油气支管收集进入油气管网总线,再送至常减压装置加热炉中燃烧;首次实现国内工业化应用,并节约油气回收设施的直接投资2000多万元。     

油气回收系统在火车装车设施中的应用

分析了大庆石化成品罐区火车装车设施的油气回收系统的工艺过程,重点讨论了回收工艺和技术特点。结果表明:该油气回收系统的工艺设计合理,油气回收能力满足实际需求。     

油库油气回收工艺设计及探讨

在汽车装车时汽油会产生大量油气,任其散发到空气中,会造成以下几个方面的危害:环境污染、资源浪费、火灾隐患。本文简要介绍了油气回收的几种方法,并提出了油库油气回收工艺系统的设计方案,指出了在实施油气回收系统时应注意的问题,结果表明成品油油库应用油气回收技术成效明显,具有环保、节能、安全多重功效。     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Diffusivity of water in groundnut oil and paraffi oil

The difliisivity of water in parafin oil and grortndnrit oil has been measured at 24°c using a simple difusion cell. The measured diffusivity of water in parafin oil conipares well with previous determinations. The diffusivity of water in graundnut oil at 24°c and those predicted at higher temperatures are the only experimentally based data available at present. The measurment extend the data present range of knowledge to higher molecular weight and higher viscosity solvents aid reinforce the demanand of previous investigation for more experimental data outside the range of present correlations.     

The role of safflower oil in edible oil applications

Safflower oil has been used as an edible oil in numerous countries for many years. In the US, commercial use of safflower oil as an edible product was noted in the 1950's and the use continues at progressively higher levels each year. One use of safflower oil in “dressing” type products is related to the natural cold resistance of the oil. Other applications include oil, margarine and some imitation dairy products. Additional development work has been done on other food products so that the scope of usage could be broadened if there should be increased demands for safflower oil. The susceptibility of safflower oil to oxidation has been minimized by improved processing and packaging. Further use of safflower oil appears to be dependent upon availability, pricing, good cold resistance and the role of polyunsaturates in the diet.     

Palm oil and palm kernel oil in food products

Cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) formulation, especially the compatibility of palm oil based CBE with cocoa butter, is of special interest to chocolate manufacturers. Traditionally palm oil is fractionated to obtain high-melting stearin and olein with a clear point of around 25 C, the latter serving as cooking oil. Recently, palm oil has been fractionated to recover an intermediate fraction known as palm mid-fraction (PMF), which is suitable for CBE formulations. Generally, production of PMF is based on a three-step procedure. However, a dry fractionation system, which includes selective crystallization and removal of liquid olein by means of a hydraulic press, has been developed. Iodine value, solid content (SFI) at different temperatures, cooling curves (Shukoff 0°) and triglyceride/fatty acid composition determination confirmed effectiveness of the procedure followed. A direct relationship between yield, quality of PMF and crystallization temperature during fractionation has been achieved. Yield of 60% for olein of IV 64–67 has been achieved. Yield of 30% for PMF of IV 36–38 and 10% for high melting stearin of IV of 20–22 are also being achieved. High-melting stearin may be used in oleochemical applications, soaps, food emulsifiers and other industrial applications such as lubricating oil. Olein fraction, especially after flash hydrogenation thereby reducing the IV to 62/64, has excellent frying and cooking oil characteristics. Palm olein is also suitable as dietary fat and in infant formulation. Studies on interesterification of high-melting stearin with olein showed possibilities to formulate hardstocks for margarine and spread formulations, even without using hydrogenated fat components. Palm kernel and coconut fats or fractions or derived products are used for confectionery products as partial CB replacers and as ice cream fats and coatings. Coconut oil also serves as a starting material for the production of medium-chain triglycerides.     

Control of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills

This paper discusses the results of development work on the control of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills. The importance of crude oil dilution in palm oil mills is clearly shown by a simple cost-benefit analysis. Preliminary results from a three-phase decanter trial have shown that, besides a clarification system using horizontal or vertical clarifiers, dilution control is also important to a decanter system. A practical approach to the automatic control of crude oil dilution using a flow ratio control system is discussed in depth in this paper. Results obtained from the evaluation of Doppler and magnetic flowmeters have shown that the major obstacle in automatic control of crude oil dilution, i.e., the selection of a suitable flowmeter to measure crude oil flow, has been overcome.     

Sorption of oil emulsified in water on oil palm fibers

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers were modified with silylation by trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and diethyldichlorosilane (DEDCS). The investigation was carried out at room temperature at a concentration of 1, 3, 5, and 9%wt and aging time of 3, 5, and 9 hr. Fiber modification was conducted by leaching out surface contaminants resulting in open porous surface. An optimal condition to reach the equilibrium silylation reaction was undertaken at a concentration of 1%wt and aging time of 3 hr. The sorption of oil which was emulsified in water on fresh and silylated OPEFB fibers fit Temkin and Langmuir isotherms, respectively.     

油品中抗氧剂的研究进展

抗氧剂在油品中应用历史悠久,种类繁多。从油品氧化变质和各类油品中抗氧剂应用情况出发综述了抗氧添加剂使用的必要性及其在燃料油、润滑脂、润滑油中应用的研究进展,并指出抗氧添加剂向高温、环保、高效、复合等方向发展的趋势。     

Antioxidants in soya oil

Oxidation is a major problem associated with refining, storing and using soya oil. Phenolic antioxidants have been used for several decades to alleviate this problem. The mechanism of oxidation and the action of phenolic antioxidants in inhibiting oxidation in soya oil are reviewed. Specific antioxidant applications discussed are: treatment of crude soya oil with TBHQ antioxidant; TBHQ antioxidant treatment as an alternative to hydrogenation of soya oil; and usage of TBHQ antioxidant in soya oil used in frying system.