论现行日本失业保险法制度

现行日本失业保险法制度的特点是政府和企业高度重视员工在职培训,提高员工自身的素质以预防失业的发生。上述特点的形成原因在于:借鉴西方国家失业保险法制度改革的经验,应对结构性失业的能动反映,强化政府在失业保险法制度中的作用以及重视员工技能培训的历史传统等。日本的失业保险法制度的经验对处于改革中的我国的失业保险法制度具有重要的借鉴意义。     

竞业限制补偿金标准法律问题研究

竞业限制补偿金是雇主因保护自身商业秘密利益而对劳动者劳动权产生减损所支付的必要代偿性措施,以劳动者在离职后一定时间内不为同业竞争行为为交换所给予的一定数额之给付。从对价给付与补偿性给付两种宗旨出发,分析竞业限制补偿金标准的制度设计,以期规范竞业限制补偿金标准的合理性问题。     

谈日本失业保险制度

失业是现代经济社会一个不可避免的现象。在我国,随着经济体制改革和劳动用工制度的改革,失业已成为每个人必须面对的问题。1986年国务院发布了《国营企业职工待业保险暂行规定》,标志着我国开始建立失业保险制度。由于我国的失业保险只是刚刚起步,各方面还很不完善,所以,有必要借鉴国外成功的经验和作法。日本是亚洲第一个推行社会保险的国     

浅析日本《部分工时劳动法》的修法

日本有其独特的雇佣制度,同工同酬一直以来不被法律认可。对于部分工时劳动而言,差别待遇问题尤为突出。日本近年来对《部分工时劳动法》作出重要修改,一方面禁止对部分工时劳工有差别待遇,一方面规定在工资、培训、工作环境上,雇主负有勤勉义务,以此来保障部分工时劳工与正式劳工间的待遇平衡。     

中国失业保险制度改革方向:纳入社会救助——基于历史背景与功能定位的分析

失业保险在建立和长期发展过程中,具有缓和劳资矛盾、天然双向平滑经济波动、提供失业保障和平滑个人收入的基本功能。但随着各国劳动保护及福利制度的发展,失业保险在政治和经济方面的功能减弱,且其失业收入损失补偿功能常常引发失业陷阱,于是各国进行了以促进积极就业为导向的改革。中国失业保险制度曾经为经济体制转型起到了"减震器"的作用。随着劳动保护和社会保障制度的发展和政府就业政策的完善,在二元就业结构、户籍制度、公共部门人力资源管理制度及政府承担就业促进任务的影响下,我国失业保险的政治、经济、失业人口收入补偿、就业促进功能未能有效发挥。在比较了若干改革方案后,本文认为,取消失业保险并将其功能并入社会救助体系是新时代背景下我国失业保险制度的最优改革路径。     

论我国环境侵权损害赔偿社会化分担机制

风险社会形态下,环境侵权的影响扩大、损害规模也扩大,仅仅根据传统侵权的个别责任将难以使受害人获得救济。通过建立环境侵权损害赔偿社会化分担机制将部分风险由国家和社会分担,以对受害人进行及时、有效的救济。借鉴域外相关经验,我国的环境侵权损害赔偿社会化分担机制的构建主要从环境责任保险、环境损害赔偿基金、财务保证、社会保障等制度的构建着手。     

现收现付养老保险制度可持续发展调整机制比较研究——以瑞典、德国和日本为例

日本、德国和瑞典三国公共养老金虽然制度模式存在较大差异,但在人口老龄化不断加深的背景下采取了较为一致的待遇调整规则:在缴费率和替代率水平双重约束下,引入反映人口结构变化的可持续因子以实现制度的自平衡。考虑到三国涵盖DB和DC两种不同的待遇给付方式,本文通过分析三国养老金调整机制的发展历程和运行实践,从缴费率、替代率水平、代际风险分担和政府负担程度等四个方面,对不同待遇给付方式下引入人口因子的养老金调整机制运行效果进行比较分析,通过经验总结以期为其他国家调整机制的完善提供借鉴。     

论弹性雇佣在中小企业人力资源管理中的应用

目前,在我国中小企业人力资源招聘中存在补偿金支付增加企业雇佣成本;招聘渠道单一,难以招到合适人才;中小企业对应聘者缺乏吸引力等问题。弹性雇佣作为人员招聘的一种新途径,为企业提供了专业技术或专业人员;提高了用工的灵活性;降低了企业的固定成本。中小企业通过正确划分部门和岗位的性质;建立完善的评估与激励机制;主动承担相应义务,正确运用人力资源招聘新途径——弹性雇佣,可有效破解我国中小企业人力资源困境。     

工资法律制度中收入分配的正义性

在分析与工资相关的社会问题时,需要了解我国工资方面的法律制度及其缺陷。在工资法律制度的框架内,工资方面的各项制度之间是相互配合的,这样能够从多角度地对劳动者的劳动报酬权予以维护,使劳动者获得合理工资,实现公平正义。本文对我国当前的工资法律制度,以及存在于工资分配中的问题,从中找到我国工资法律制度的内在结构,为分析工资法律制度的正义性问题奠定了基础。     

关于我国灵活就业人员的失业保险问题分析

灵活就业人员对我国的经济建设有重要贡献,但其在就业竞争中仍处于弱势地位,面临着极大的失业风险。我国当前实行的失业保险制度未能将广大灵活就业群体纳入到失业保险体系中,失业保险改革势在必行。失业保险改革应从法律制度、劳资关系、灵活就业人员特征、政府及社保机构等多方面进行分析,以提出适合灵活就业人员的、切实可行的失业保险管理办法。     

Wollongong: Long-Term Unemployment on the South Coast

The unemployment problem in this area is centred upon the industrial city of Wollongong. The initial unemployment blows to this region were provided by recession and structural change in the steel industry in the early 1980s.     

农民工失业保险的风险分析与对策研究

随着社会经济的不断发展,农民工作为特殊群体其规模不断扩大,在社会经济的发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。通过研究发现,农民工性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、自评健康、家庭月总支出、家庭月总收入、是否参加培训、是否参加失业保险对农民工是否失业具有显著影响。同时,由于农民工群体的特殊性,导致其失业的风险远远高于其他群体,而当前我国尚未建立起全国范围内专门的农民工失业保险,各省市建立的农民工失业保险存在诸多问题,也不能很好地保障农民工群体的利益。建立并完善农民工群体的失业保险制度对于社会的稳定发展起着至关重要的作用。     

Unemployment compensation and labor migration in search equilibrium model

The economics of unemployment compensation has attracted considerable attention over the past couple of decades in terms of positive analysis, but less attention has been devoted to labor migration issues in the job search equilibrium. In this study, we developed a rural–urban migration model where the urban labor market was characterized by job search during periods of unemployment. Characteristics of the steady state were analyzed and the unemployment compensation scheme was examined. From this model, we drew an inference of more or less migration occurring to the extent of how unemployment compensation was related to exogenous variables such as discounted gross income, urban rural productivity differentials, entry cost, and the employment tax rate.     

Unemployment, selective employment measures and inter-regional mobility of labour

This article examines the impact of selective employment measures on the subsequent migration behaviour of the participants. We hypothesise that employment measures targeted at high unemployment regions may discourage out-migration of the unemployed. Since the possible locking-in effect mainly influences those with the weakest employment prospects, selective employment measures may impede the adjustment process of regional labour markets. Results suggest that employment measures reduce the mobility of the unemployed, but only during an era of low unemployment when the employment prospects in potential destination regions are favourable. In an era of high unemployment, these measures are not likely to contribute to greater regional unemployment disparities. There is also large variation in the locking-in effects across different employment programmes and specific groups of job seekers. Received: 6 December 1999 / Accepted: 16 March 2001 RID="*" ID="*" This study is part of a project supported by the Academy of Finland (project number 43546). I would like to thank the referees for thoughtful comments and suggestions.     

Day Labourers, Unemployment and Socio-economic Development in South Africa

One of the most visible forms of unemployment is the men who stand at the side of the road or on corners daily, waiting for any job that may come their way. It is estimated that there are nearly 1,000 places in South Africa where a minimum of about 45,000, mostly black African men, stand, waiting to be picked up. The South African space economy is characterised by an uneven distribution of economic activities. International empirical studies have shown that there is a geographical or spatial coincidence between levels of unemployment and levels of gross domestic product per capita. The first objective of this article is to highlight some of the basic demographic dynamics of day labourers. The second is to investigate the spatial distribution of and the relationship between day labourers, unemployment and the general level of socio-economic development in South Africa. Day labourers share a number of common characteristics, but there were also obvious differences in their morale and spirit. The analyses showed that there is also a general spatial coincidence between levels of socio-economic development and the numbers of day labourers in South Africa, with a relatively high correlation coefficient between the two.     

我国失业保险制度改革谈

我国的失业保险制度,是1986年作为破产法和劳动合同制度的配套措施而建立的。在此之前,在我国相当长的时期内失业的概念一直是模糊的。原因之一是原有的固定用工制度,使公有制企事业单位     

关于中国失业保险费率调整机制改革的思考

中国实行统一的失业保险费率,在失业保险基金累积结余不断增长的背景下,各地区也开始探索失业保险费率调整机制。目前中国部分省市试点的失业保险费率调整机制分为失业保险费率统一调整机制和浮动调整机制两类。分析表明失业保险费率浮动调整机制更为科学,本文结合失业保险经验税率制度发展经验,提出完善中国失业保险费率调整机制的对策建议:将失业保险金支出作为调整失业保险费率的依据;规范费率调整比例计算方法;确立合理的失业保险费率调整上下限。     

Australian Cities and Regions in the Depression: Recent Trends in Unemployment

Australia's recent economic woes have produced a steep rise in national unemployment rates since 1989 (Figure 1) but – as always – the impacts have not been even. Some regions, some cities and some parts of our major cities have fared worse than others. This is no surprise. Much of the recent literature on the nature of urban development in the Western world has emphasised the spatial uneven-ness of the impacts of economic restructuring and demographic change. However it is important that as social scientists and policymakers weareawareof the specific spatial dimensions of the current recession in this country. This Forum examines current trends in unemployment at four spatial levels. At each level, significant variations occur as the result of the intersection of differences in industry mix, occupational structure, and demographic and socio-economic composition within local labour markets. Kevin O'Connor and Virginia Rapson begin by examining contrasts between the capital cities, establishing a national context for the subsequent more detailed contributions, and highlighting in particular the recent decline in Melbourne's job market following the collapse of the finance and property sector.