报废弹药拆卸销毁安全性探讨

报废弹药拆卸是弹药安全销毁和回收再利用的技术基础。以安全拆卸销毁弹药为目的,研究弹药拆卸的基本信息、弹药零件间的约束关系、拆卸可行性等因素对拆卸安全性的影响;从降低风险有利于物质回收再利用角度,确定弹药拆卸的可达深度;在满足安全销毁的层级停止,确定弹药零部件拆卸的顺序为优先拆卸敏感零件,其次拆卸大威力零件,最后拆卸发火电源组件的拆卸模式。     

大批量废旧弹药爆破销毁技术的应用

介绍了南京市废旧弹药销毁的整个过程。对弹药进行鉴别分类,确定销毁的实施方法,并对销毁场地进行考察核实;提出废旧弹药装载和运输的注意事项;确定销毁方案的主要技术参数,计算校核爆破振动安全、破片和冲击波的安全距离。经过精心设计和组织,销毁取得圆满成功,可为类似工作提供有益的经验。     

废旧弹药销毁方法探讨

废旧弹药销毁是事关人民生命财产安全和社会治安的一件大事。以安全销毁废旧弹药为出发点,探讨了销毁废旧弹药的方法、过程和注意事项;对废旧弹药销毁工作有一定的指导作用。     

废旧弹药销毁方法探讨

废旧弹药销毁是事关人民生命财产安全和社会治安的一件大事。以安全销毁废旧弹药为出发点,探讨了销毁废旧弹药的方法、过程和注意事项;对废旧弹药销毁工作有一定的指导作用。     

废旧弹药爆破销毁技术综述

结合多年的废旧弹药销毁经验,总结了废旧弹药的识别方法,阐述了废旧弹药的当量估算与安全距离校核,论述了爆破销毁技术,以及销毁中为防止事故应做到的一般程序。     

废旧弹药爆破销毁技术综述

结合多年的废旧弹药销毁经验,总结了废旧弹药的识别方法,阐述了废旧弹药的当量估算与安全距离校核,论述了爆破销毁技术,以及销毁中为防止事故应做到的一般程序.     

便携式非接触聚能射流引爆器销毁废旧弹药

为了更安全、便捷地引爆销毁废旧弹药,采用非接触聚能射流引爆销毁技术。该技术主要利用炸药爆炸产生的爆轰波挤压金属药型罩,形成高温、高速、高压金属射流侵彻并穿透弹体,依靠聚能射流剩余能量继续侵彻引爆弹丸装药,从而引爆废旧弹药。同时也对聚能射流引爆器销毁废旧弹药的实际应用情况进行了分析。结果表明:便携式非接触聚能射流引爆器可代替常规的炸药殉爆法进行废旧弹药的销毁排除,有效避免销毁作业过程人员与废旧弹药直接接触的风险,且销毁器整体结构简单,装药量少,大大提高作业人员的安全性和便捷性。     

便携式非接触聚能射流引爆器销毁废旧弹药

为了更安全、便捷地引爆销毁废旧弹药,采用非接触聚能射流引爆销毁技术。该技术主要利用炸药爆炸产生的爆轰波挤压金属药型罩,形成高温、高速、高压金属射流侵彻并穿透弹体,依靠聚能射流剩余能量继续侵彻引爆弹丸装药,从而引爆废旧弹药。同时也对聚能射流引爆器销毁废旧弹药的实际应用情况进行了分析。结果表明:便携式非接触聚能射流引爆器可代替常规的炸药殉爆法进行废旧弹药的销毁排除,有效避免销毁作业过程人员与废旧弹药直接接触的风险,且销毁器整体结构简单,装药量少,大大提高作业人员的安全性和便捷性。     

日本遗弃常规弹药的销毁

介绍了销毁日本遗弃常规弹药的方法。用该种方法一次成功销毁 2 60发常规弹药。由于与化学弹药一起埋藏地下近 5 0年 ,这些常规弹药腐蚀、苦味酸漏泄严重 ,受化学毒剂污染 ,而且其中有带引信的特别危险弹 ,为此 ,销毁作业中在场地选择、弹体消毒处理、包装、搬运、爆炸坑内弹药的布置、起爆炸药量及布置等方面采取了有效的措施 ,保证了整个销毁作业的安全 ,弹药销毁彻底     

被覆爆炸法——销毁常规废旧弹药的技术

针对销毁废旧弹药工作次数频繁、弹药种类繁多、数量较大及危险程度高的问题,在比较国内外常规销毁方法的基础上,结合实际销毁工作经验,总结提出了一种销毁方法——被覆爆炸法。通过选择远离各类建筑物和设施且松散性较好的沙土地作为销毁地点,采用人工或机械开挖凹坑,将待销毁的废旧弹药放入坑内,同时堆放过程中在底层、中层、顶层充填炸药和起爆药包,然后将沙土回填,可一次性销毁数量较大的废旧弹药。总结归纳了被覆爆炸法的销毁流程、适用对象及安全技术措施,可为销毁常规废旧弹药提供参考。     

工程液压油缸的拆解能量分析

拆解能量是产品可拆卸性评价的关键指标,对产品的可拆卸性设计和再制造回收决策具有重要意义.基于图论思想,构建油缸的拆解约束图并生成油缸的拆卸序列;定义零部件拆解能量的组成模型和传送带移出零部件的能量消耗模型;讨论油缸零部件间典型连接方式与约束解除所消耗能量的数学关系.以某型号工程液压油缸为例,对其零部件的不同拆卸序列进行总的拆解能量分析计算与评估,为油缸的拆卸序列规划、专用拆卸设备设计和液压油缸的可拆卸性设计提供参考.     

Sustainability through disassembly modeling, planning, and leveling: a case study

The increasing environmental and economic pressures have contributed to the practice of recycling and remanufacturing. Product disassembly is a vital strategy of industrial recycling and remanufacturing which retrieves the desired parts and/or subassemblies by separating a product into its constituents. In this context, decision for disassembly gains importance. Disassembly modeling and planning is a critical activity rather than assembly, because the terminal goal is not vitally fixed, but depends on the product usage and market demands for used parts and recycled materials. Disassembly involves more uncertainties in system structures and components rather than in assembly. This article applies the recent methods for modeling and process planning the disassembly to an industrial product, i.e., rotary switch. The disassembly approach has been practically validated in industrial scenario.     

Disassembly line balancing using linear physical programming

Disassembly is the separation of a product into its constituent parts in a systematic way. It has gained importance recently due to its vital importance in product recovery. Cost-effective implementation of disassembly operation has a direct impact on the profitability of product recovery activities (recycling, remanufacturing etc.). Although it is possible to carry out disassembly operations in a disassembly station or in a disassembly cell, the highest productivity is achieved in a disassembly line. The output of a disassembly line can be maximised only if the line is balanced. A linear physical programming-based disassembly line balancing method is proposed in this study. This method was used to balance a mixed-model disassembly line and the effectiveness of the method was illustrated by analysing the results.     

Disassembly-oriented assessment methodology for product modularity

Recently, people all over the world have paid much attention to green and environmental design. The proposal of design for end of life is to take into account the recycling problem in the product design stage. Under the consideration of economy, the green recycle of a product depends upon the relationship between recycling profit and recycling cost of the discarded product. This study attempted to build up a disassembly-oriented assessment method for product modular design in four stages. At Stage 1, the liaison intensity was used to quantify the connection relations among parts by their engineering information. At Stage 2, the product to be recycled was modularised by the grouping genetic algorithms. At Stage 3, the disassembly cost and recycle profit of the modules were evaluated. At Stage 4, an interference matrix was used to specify the disassembly sequential order of product modules and parts. Finally, the stapler was used as an example to illustrate the proposed assessment methodology.     

A life cycle assessment of destruction of ammunition

The Swedish Armed Forces have large stocks of ammunition that were produced at a time when decommissioning was not considered. This ammunition will eventually become obsolete and must be destroyed, preferably with minimal impact on the environment and in a safe way for personnel. The aim of this paper is to make a comparison of the environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective of three different methods of decommissioning/destruction of ammunition, and to identify the environmental advantages and disadvantages of each of these destruction methods: open detonation; static kiln incineration with air pollution control combined with metal recycling, and a combination of incineration with air pollution control, open burning, recovery of some energetic material and metal recycling. Data used are for the specific processes and from established LCA databases. Recycling the materials in the ammunition and minimising the spread of airborne pollutants during incineration were found to be the most important factors affecting the life cycle environmental performance of the compared destruction methods. Open detonation with or without metal recycling proved to be the overall worst alternative from a life cycle perspective. The results for the static kiln and combination treatment indicate that the kind of ammunition and location of the destruction plant might determine the choice of method, since the environmental impacts from these methods are of little difference in the case of this specific grenade. Different methods for destruction of ammunition have previously been discussed from a risk and safety perspective. This is however to our knowledge the first study looking specifically on environmentally aspect in a life cycle perspective.     

一种可拆卸回收的快递包装箱结构设计研究

目的 促进快递包装的重复利用,提高废弃快递包装的回收率,从源头改善快递包装的浪费和对环境的污染,在不影响产品保护的同时推动绿色包装的发展。方法 深入分析当前快递包装回收业务中存在的问题,探索如何应用可拆卸设计方法对快递包装箱的结构进行设计,研究如何对快递包装箱进行伸缩调节,以适应不同产品的运输要求,并优化拆卸、更换和组装的工序,摒除当前包装整体废弃的弊端,实现局部回收,提高快递包装的利用率。结果 该可拆卸包装箱在组装、开启、拆卸、收纳等过程中操作方便,在实操测试中用较短的时间即可完成上述工序,并在抗摔测试中能经受住装载与运输过程中的外力碰撞,能对产品起到良好的保护作用。结论 利用可拆卸设计方法对快递包装箱进行结构设计,能方便地对损坏的包装部件进行更换,能有效减少包装废弃物的产生,具有便利性、兼容性与安全性,有利于建立高效通畅的回收与再用系统,减少对资源的浪费和环境的污染,在生态保护与绿色发展等方面具有积极的意义。     

复杂环境下大楼的定向爆破拆除

待拆除的大楼结构复杂,与旁边需保护的建筑物相距仅5.2m,必须严格控制楼房倒塌的方向、倒塌过程中的后坐和倒塌后的爆堆。为此,通过人工预处理将大楼分成两个部分,并分次进行不同倒塌方向的定向爆破拆除。文中对避免高楼爆破过程中产生后坐的技术措施和在复杂环境中楼房爆破拆除的安全措施进行了探讨。     

复杂环境下大楼的定向爆破拆除

待拆除的大楼结构复杂,与旁边需保护的建筑物相距仅5.2m,必须严格控制楼房倒塌的方向、倒塌过程中的后坐和倒塌后的爆堆。为此,通过人工预处理将大楼分成两个部分,并分次进行不同倒塌方向的定向爆破拆除。文中对避免高楼爆破过程中产生后坐的技术措施和在复杂环境中楼房爆破拆除的安全措施进行了探讨。     

高耸建筑物拆除爆破安全监理实践

以西湖第一高楼定向爆破拆除安全监理为例,重点介绍了监理工作的主要内容和基本方法,并对拆除爆破安全监理存在的一些突出问题进行了探讨。作者还就此工程实例谈了监理工作的效果与体会,可供拆除爆破工程监理参考。     

深孔光面爆破处理危险边坡

介绍了复杂环境条件下采用深孔光面爆破技术处理一危险边坡的工程实例。文中论述了钻孔设计、布药方式、起爆网络、安全防护措施以及实际的爆破效果 ;并对施工中一些应注意的问题进行了总结 ,为同类工程提供了参考经验。