柱面SH波作用下管道的动应力集中研究

在地下工程爆破开挖过程中,爆破地震波对管道安全的影响是十分重要的.为了更好的研究柱面SH波作用下管道的动应力集中情况,以爆破地震波中的柱面SH波作为研究对象,推导了柱面SH波作用下管道内壁上动应力集中系数(DSCF)的解析解.通过宝通禅寺地下通道爆破开挖工程,讨论了归一化爆心距r*和入射波频率f对DSCF的影响.结果表...     

SH 波对圆形夹杂与裂纹的散射及其动应力集中

采用Green 函数的方法, 研究了介质中同时存在夹杂与裂纹时对SH 波的散射, 构造了在含有半圆形夹杂的弹性半空间, 水平面上任一点承受时间谐和出平面线源载荷作用时的位移函数作为Green 函数。并推导了SH 波对夹杂与裂纹散射的定解积分方程组, 进而求得裂纹尖端的动应力因子。重点讨论了夹杂的存在对裂纹尖端动应力因子的影响, 给出了随夹杂介质参数及夹杂与裂纹距离对裂纹尖端动应力因子的分布曲线, 为工程设计提供参考依据。　      

SH波入射下正交各向异性双相介质界面附近圆孔的动应力集中

基于复变函数和格林函数的方法,探讨了SH波在具有圆孔的正交各向异性两相介质中的散射,分析了圆孔周围的动态响应规律。首先建立问题的二维解析模型,将全空间分为两个部分：均匀各向同性上半空间以及含圆柱形孔洞的正交各向异性下半空间。采用格林函数法推导出了两半空间界面处各点的格林函数表达式,并引入复变量,构造出了SH波入射下求解区域内位移和应力的表达式。考虑界面的连续性条件,将未定反平面力加载到两个半空间的水平界面上,推导出Fredholm定解积分方程组,用弱奇异积分方程的直接离散方法求解。最终通过算例分析,发现介质的正交各向异性参数、入射波波数、角度以及孔洞埋深等对下半空间圆孔周边的动应力集中系数(DSCF)影响显著。     

SH波对界面圆柱体夹杂下半圆脱胶的散射分析

本文采用有限元法研究近场界面圆柱夹杂脱胶结构对瞬态SH波的散射和动应力集中系数问题。用有限元法模拟弹性波在半无限介质中的传播,用ANSYS进行计算,给出了部分节点的位移、应力时程解和夹杂周边的动应力集中系数,讨论圆柱夹杂、介质参数以及波数对动应力集中和各点位移带来的不同影响,并进行对比分析。     

开孔薄板弹性波散射与动应力集中

本文采用边界无法对开孔无限大薄板弹性波的散射与动应力集中问题进行理论分析和数值计算。基于动力学功的互等定理建立了薄板弯曲波动问题的边界积分方程,应用Mathematica软件首次推导了各影响系数的计算公式。最后,给出了圆孔附近的动应力集中系数的数值结果。     

SH波对覆盖层下浅埋圆孔和圆夹杂的散射

利用复变函数法和波函数展开法给出了具有地表覆盖层的弹性半空间内圆形孔洞和圆柱形夹杂在稳态SH波作用下动应力集中问题的解。根据SH波散射的衰减特性,该问题采用大圆弧假定法求解,利用半径很大的圆来拟合地表覆盖层的直边界,将具有地表覆盖层的半空间直边界问题转化为曲面边界问题。借助Helmholtz定理预先写出问题波函数的一般形式解,再利用边界条件并借助复数Fourier-Hankel级数展开把问题化为求解波函数中未知系数的无穷线性代数方程组,截断该无穷代数方程组可求得该问题的近似解析解。最后,通过算例讨论了地表覆盖层及圆孔对浅埋圆柱形夹杂动应力集中的影响。结果表明,覆盖层刚度和厚度的变化及圆孔的存在可显著改变圆夹杂周边动应力集中的分布。     

双相介质中椭圆孔洞与裂纹对SH波的散射

采用Green函数法和保角映射法解答了双相介质界面附近一个椭圆孔洞和一个裂纹(在同一侧)对SH波的散射问题。沿水平界面将双相介质剖分为一个含椭圆孔和裂纹的半空间以及一个完整的弹性半空间。结合“裂纹切割”法,利用Green函数法构造裂纹,求解出孔洞与裂纹同时存在时的位移和应力表达式。一组未知力系施加在水平界面上,使两部分契合,基于界面连续条件推导出一系列Fredholm积分方程组,从而求出未知力系。最后,给出算例讨论了不同参数对椭圆孔周边动应力集中系数和裂纹尖端动应力强度因子的影响。     

在热冲击作用下圆柱体的动应力集中效应的解析解

本文提出一种解析方法求解在热冲击作用下圆柱体的动应力集中效应。当圆柱体受到一迅速的温度变化时，应力波将呈现在柱体内的每一点。当应力波自柱体外边界反射、并向柱体中心传播时，应力波波头将在柱体中心发生碰撞，由此导致柱体中心产生很高的动应力峰值，即热动应力集中现象。文中通过一种简便的解析方法精确获得了柱体内热动应力的响应历程和分布规律。计算结果表明，由于反射波的影响，柱体中心动应力峰值发生周期性振荡。中心处的径向动应力的响应历程与切向动应力相同。     

平面P1波入射下饱和度对深埋圆形衬砌动应力集中因子的影响

准饱和土是天然土体中比较常见的一种形式,与饱和土相同,其内可传播三种体波:剪切波、快压缩波(P1波)和慢压缩波(P2波)。忽略土颗粒的压缩性,考虑孔隙流体的压缩性以及孔隙流体与土骨架之间的粘性耦合作用,采用修正的B iot模型,运用波函数展开法研究了平面P1波入射时,准饱和土体内深埋圆形衬砌的散射问题,通过数值计算模拟并分析了衬砌的动应力集中问题,结果表明:不论入射频率为低频(100Hz)还是高频(500Hz),对于相同的衬砌,当土体为准饱和时,动应力集中因子沿周向分布曲线的形状和数值基本保持不变;但土体为完全饱和时,虽然饱和度发生了微小的变化(比99%只提高了1%),但动应力集中因子的值却大幅度地降低,其沿周向分布曲线的形状也发生了显著的变化,在工程设计中应重视饱和度对圆形衬砌动应力集中因子的影响。     

爆炸荷载下埋地管道动力响应分析研究

埋地管道设计规范通常仅考虑管内介质的性质、埋设方式和深度、地质条件和环境气候条件,而未考虑爆炸荷载的影响作用。本文利用有限元软件ANSYNS/LS-DYNA对炸药地面爆炸或侵入土中浅层爆炸两种情形下埋地管道的动力响应问题作了三维模拟,对比分析了炸药设置方式、炸药用量、爆心距和管道管径等因素对埋地管道损伤的不同作用。结果表明:相近条件下,炸药侵入土中浅层爆炸比地面爆炸对埋地管道可能产生的实质性损伤更大;在炸药地面爆炸荷载下,爆心距的影响作用比炸药用量更为突出,而管径的影响作用几乎可以忽略;在炸药侵入土中浅层爆炸荷载下,炸药用量的影响作用与爆心距变得较为接近,管径的影响作用则略有增加。     

新型圆管换能器预应力分析

大功率圆管换能器在清洗、除垢、萃取等领域中有着广泛的应用。分析了一种新型圆管换能器,通过热胀冷缩原理给换能器施加预应力,充分发挥压电陶瓷的机械性能,达到大功率辐射要求。通过有限元仿真软件ANSYS对换能器的预应力进行仿真分析,着重分析了金属管材料、管壁厚度以及温度差与热应力的关系,根据优化结果选择合适的材料、尺寸制作出换能器初样品,换能器测试结果一致性较好。     

On the role of stress waves in dynamic rupture of cylindrical tubes

A systematic experimental/computational study was performed to investigate the role of stress waves in ductile fracture of cylindrical tubes. The stress waves were created by high‐speed moving load, which was produced by detonation of explosive cord inside two intact and two pre‐flawed steel tubes. Several distinct phenomena like cyclic crack growths in Modes I and III, crack flap bulging and crack curving/branching were observed and simulated by finite element (FE) method. The FE models were composed of 3D brick elements equipped with interface cohesive elements. The analysis results showed that the crack growths in Modes I and III were governed by the detonation‐induced stress waves. The crack speeds were obtained based on the increments of cyclic crack growth and the time period of the stress waves. The estimated crack speed range was 63–230 m s^?1 for the axial growth, whereas the average speed for growth in Mode III was 100 m s^?1.     

Effect of surface/interface on the dynamic stress of two interacting cylindrical nano-inhomogeneities under compressional waves

Based on the surface/interface elasticity theory, the effect of surface/interface on the dynamic stress of two interacting cylindrical nano-inhomogeneities under compressional waves is considered. The analytical solutions of displacement potentials are expressed by employing wave function expansion method and the expanded mode coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions at the interfaces. The addition theorem for cylindrical wave function is used to accomplish the superposition of wave fields in different coordinate systems. Analyses show that the effect of the interface properties on the dynamic stress is significantly related to the wave frequency of incident waves, the shear modulus ratio of the nano-inhomogeneities to matrix, and the relative position and distance between the two nano-inhomogeneities.     

复合材料圆柱壳中心受横向集中载荷作用的渐进破坏非线性有限元分析

旨在建立能够正确预计复合材料圆柱壳的屈曲和后屈曲渐进破坏行为的模拟策略。采用有限元方法和Hashin失效准则进行模拟,基于该失效准则编写了用户材料子程序,然后插入到商用有限元软件ABAQUS中。分析了中心受横向集中载荷作用复合材料圆柱壳板,壳板的2条直边弹性支持,2条曲边自由。为了探讨弹性边界条件和集中载荷作用点应力集中的影响,将有限元分析结果与文献中的试验结果进行了比较,提出了一种合理的弹性边界选取依据。研究结果表明,在建模中考虑了弹性边界和集中载荷作用点处存在的应力集中后,本文中模拟的结果与文献中的试验结果比较接近,模拟精度明显高于文献中报道的结果。这也验证了本文中建立的模拟策略的合理性。     

含任意直线型裂纹的直角域中圆柱夹杂对SH波的散射

摘 要: 采用Green函数及复变函数方法研究了SH波作用下直角域内任意直线型裂纹对圆柱弹性夹杂的影响。首先,取含有圆柱弹性夹杂的直角域内任意一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时的位移函数基本解作为适合本文的Green函数;其次,利用裂纹切割技术构造裂纹,并写出圆柱夹杂与裂纹同时存在时的位移场和应力场;最后,给出圆柱弹性夹杂动应力集中系数的算例和结果,并讨论了裂纹的存在对动应力集中系数的影响。     

Strain rate concentration and dynamic stress concentration for double‐edge‐notched specimens subjected to high‐speed tensile loads

Engineering plastics provide superior performance to ordinary plastics for wide range of the use. For polymer materials, dynamic stress and strain rate may be major factors to be considered when the strength is evaluated. Recently, high‐speed tensile test is being recognized as a standard testing method to confirm the strength under dynamic loads. In this study, therefore, high‐speed tensile test is analysed by the finite element method; then, the maximum dynamic stress and strain rate are discussed with varying the tensile speed and maximum forced displacement. The maximum strain rate increases with increasing the tensile speed u/t, but the strain rate concentration factor is found to be constant independent of tensile speed, which is defined as the maximum strain rate appearing at the notch root over the average nominal strain rate at the minimum section . It is found that the strain rate at the notch root depends on the dynamic stress rate at the notch root and independent of the notch root radius ρ. It is found that the difference between the static and dynamic maximum stress concentration (σ_yA,max ? σ_yA,st) at the notch root is proportional to the tensile speed when u/t = 5000 mm/s. Strain rate concentration factors are also discussed with varying the notch depth and specimen length. Based on the elastic strain rate concentration factor, the master curve is obtained useful for understanding the impact fracture of polycarbonate for the wide range of temperature and impact speed.     

轴流式压缩机叶片固有频率及动应力分析

以某轴流式压缩机的一级动叶片为研究对象,建立叶片的三维有限元模型,研究轴流式压缩机叶片的频率特性。从理论方面分析了影响频率的旋转软化和应力刚化效应,分析了旋转软化和应力刚化效应对叶片固有频率的影响。应用完全法瞬态分析,计算了叶片的动应力,分析结果为叶片的调频和振动特性的改善提供了依据。     

基于微观结构的高强铝合金应力集中系数研究

为了更好地理解铝合金材料的微观力学性能,基于MATLAB编写了Voronoi算法的微观结构模拟程序,并将程序导入ABAQUS有限元软件建立铝合金晶粒模型.推导出六结点内聚线单元模型的界面单元刚度矩阵,利用内聚力模型的内聚力-位移关系描述铝合金晶粒界面间的粘着力(法向力)和摩擦力(切向力),建立了微观晶粒结构的有限元模型.研究结果表明:单个夹杂粒子随着弹性模量的增加应力集中系数先减小再增加;相对于单个夹杂粒子,两个夹杂粒子的应力集中会增加,当d/r接近2时应力集中系数明显增加,当d/r值处在6左右时应力集中系数基本恢复到单夹杂粒子时的大小.夹杂粒子的形状、数量及分布状态对结构微观应力集中均有影响.     

Nonlinear dynamic buckling of orthotropic cylindrical shells subjected to rapidly applied loads

Dynamic buckling of an orthotropic cylindrical shell which is subjected to rapidly applied compression is considered. A nonlinear differential equation of Donnell–Karman type is derived with the initial imperfection taken into account. An energy method is used to obtain the equation of motion which is then solved numerically by means of a Runge-Kutta method. These numerical results show that the critical load is increased over the corresponding static case. An analytical solution is also obtained for the problem of hydrostatic pressure.     

Multiple void interaction of pipeline steel in triaxial stress fields

Three-dimensional unit cell models were developed to study the damage induced by void growth in ductile materials. Special emphasis is given to the influence of the void shape and random spatial void arrangements. The periodical void arrays of body centered cubic are investigated by analyzing representative unit cells. The isotropic behavior of the matrix material is modeled using v. Mises plasticity. The cell models are analyzed by the large strain finite element method under monotonic loading while keeping the constant stress triaxiality. Results showed that when void density increased, effects of void aspects on void growth gradually diminished.