调频气压液柱阻尼器减振控制研究

调频气压液柱阻尼器（TLCGD）是一种从调频液柱阻尼器发展而来的新型而有效的结构减震装置。在U／V形阻尼器液柱上加上封闭式气压不仅增加了它的使用范围,使频率扩大到5Hz,并且提高了结构的有效阻尼。通过该装置在高层建筑和桥梁上的运用,U／V形调频气压液柱阻尼器能有效地控制水平为主的结构动力反应,而扭转调频气压液柱阻尼器（torsional tuned liquid column gas damper,TTLCGD）是一种能控制结构扭转为主的阻尼器。     

Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.     

列车荷载作用下铁路斜拉桥索-梁相关振动研究

为了研究大跨度铁路斜拉桥的索-梁相关振动,基于拉索非线性振动理论,开发了有限元索动力单元,该单元在静力计算中为普通直杆单元,动力特性计算中可以计算拉索局部自振频率,动力时程计算中可以计算拉索非线性振动与整体结构振动的相互作用;编制了计算程序,建立了大跨度铁路斜拉桥有限元模型,同时使用索动力单元模拟斜拉索,最后研究了列车通过斜拉桥时梁、塔的带动下拉索发生索-梁相关振动的特性。结果表明:对于大跨度铁路斜拉桥,列车在设计速度范围内通过桥梁时索-梁相关振动不会导致拉索产生大幅振动。     

结构参数变化对自锚式斜拉-悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的影响

自锚式斜拉-悬吊协作体系桥的动力特性主要包括体系的自振频率和主振型,它是自锚式斜拉-悬吊协作体系桥动力分析的基础和前提。以大连港跨海大桥设计方案为工程背景,通过建立空间有限元模型,给出了前10阶频率和相应的振型,分析了加劲梁刚度、主塔刚度等结构参数变化对自锚式斜拉-悬吊协作体系桥动力特性的影响,对其影响规律进行了讨论。     

基于TMD减振技术的景观桥人致振动控制研究

人行桥的舒适度现已成为景观类桥梁设计的一个重要指标。本文以国内某景区内的人行景观桥工程为例,采用Midas civil有限元分析软件建立三维有限元模型,分析了该桥的结构动力特性及人致振动响应。人致振动加速度时程响应结果表明该桥的舒适度未能满足设计和规范的要求。因此,提出了采用电涡流调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的减振设计方案,并通过实际工程中评估了减振效果,证实方案的可行性     

Adaptive Flüssigkeitstilger für Vertikalschwingungen von Ingenieurstrukturen – Teil 2 – Feldversuche

Adaptive tuned liquid column dampers for structures, part II – field tests. Due to increasing dynamic actions and the trend to slender structures the damping of vibrations gains in importance. One of the effective methods to reduce vertical structural vibrations is the application of classical tuned mass dampers (TMD), which are damping the vibration response of excited natural frequencies. The areas of application reach from civil and mechanical engineering to aeronautics. In addition to part I (laboratory tests) this paper shows the first application of tuned liquid column dampers (TLCD) to a vibration‐prone steel constructed railway bridge. The fluid mass is guided in a U‐tube. A gas spring enables tuning of the natural damper frequency and energy dissipation is given by turbulence effects in fluid and gas flow. In case of the TLCD there are no mechanical parts for tuning necessary. At first the mechanical model of the bridge‐TLCD coupled system is presented and the equation of motion is derived. Furthermore optimal tuning is performed. The considered railway bridge is analyzed numerically by a finite element model, including the modelling of the TLCD. The installation process of the TLCD to the railway bridge is described in detail and measuring results are presented. It is shown that the application of TLCD's to railway bridges effectively reduces bridge vibrations.     

开口断面斜拉桥主梁动力特性的有限元简化计算

以1座双索面开口断面大跨径斜拉桥为例,探讨了采用3种主梁简化模型计算开口断面动力特性的差别。结果表明:对于纵飘、侧弯及竖弯各阶固有动力特性,采用单主梁模型、主梁壳单元模型、三主梁模型计算的结果基本一致,将3种模型的动力特性计算用于抗震分析时,结果相差不大;而采用单主梁模型会低估抗扭刚度,对桥梁结构扭转频率产生较大的误差;三主梁模型和主梁壳单元模型结果相近,桥梁抗风分析时不宜采用单主梁模型。     

大跨斜拉桥动力特性有限元建模与分析

以某大跨斜拉桥为例,建立了一个比较完整的斜拉桥动力特性有限元模型,通过计算得到了该桥的动力特性,采用单单元和多单元模型模拟斜拉索,分析了拉索本身振动对斜拉桥的整体动力特性的影响。     

Modal Identification Study of Vincent Thomas Bridge Using Simulated Wind-Induced Ambient Vibration Data

Abstract:   In this article, wind-induced vibration response of Vincent Thomas Bridge, a suspension bridge located in San Pedro near Los Angeles, California, is simulated using a detailed three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge and a state-of-the-art stochastic wind excitation model. Based on the simulated wind-induced vibration data, the modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) of the bridge are identified using the data-driven stochastic subspace identification method. The identified modal parameters are verified by the computed eigenproperties of the bridge model. Finally, effects of measurement noise on the system identification results are studied by adding zero-mean Gaussian white noise processes to the simulated response data. Statistical properties of the identified modal parameters are investigated under an increasing level of measurement noise. The framework presented in this article will allow us to investigate the effects of various realistic damage scenarios in long-span cable-supported (suspension and cable-stayed) bridges on changes in modal identification results. Such studies are required to develop robust and reliable vibration-based structural health monitoring methods for this type of bridge, which is a long-term research objective of the authors.     

半漂浮体系斜拉桥抗震性能及其减震措施研究

本文以某主跨为340m的半漂浮体系双塔斜拉桥为工程背景,基于实测动力特性修正后的斜拉桥非线性有限元模型,分析了工程背景斜拉桥的抗震性能及其减震措施。研究表明:修正后的半漂浮体系双塔斜拉桥有限元模型可以较为准确的模拟工程背景桥的实际状态;在卓越周期较大的Chi-chi地震波作用下,工程背景桥会产生较大的构件内力和梁端纵桥向位移,可能导致桥梁发生损伤。通过粘滞阻尼器参数分析可知,阻尼系数C=20000k N·s/m为该桥的最优阻尼系数,在塔梁连接处安装该纵桥向粘滞阻尼器后,工程背景斜拉桥的构件内力及梁端纵桥向位移明显减小,抗震效果显著。     

模态间气动耦合效应对调谐质量阻尼器最优参数的影响

基于多模态耦合抖振理论,导出带有被动调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的桥梁多模态耦合抖振系统运动微分方程,采用随机振动理论求解系统运动微分方程,并编制了桥梁多模态耦合抖振TMD控制和参数分析程序。以一座斜拉桥为算例,着重分析了模态间气动耦合效应对TMD最优参数和控制效率的影响。     

京沪高速铁路南京长江大桥斜拉桥方案车桥系统振动分析

提出了列车、大跨度钢桁梁斜拉桥空间振动的有限单元分析模型,采用计算机模拟方法,计算了列车以不同车速通过该大跨度斜拉桥的空间振动响应,检算该桥是否具有足够的横向、竖向刚度及良好的运营平稳性,所得结果可供设计参考。     

大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥公路桥面铺装层受力特点分析

为研究适合于大跨度公铁两用斜拉桥的公路桥面铺装复合结构及其控制荷位和力学指标,以武汉天兴洲大桥为例,采用有限元方法,首先建立整桥结构三维模型,计算列车荷载作用下的公路桥面力学响应,然后截取最不利梁段建立公铁两用斜拉桥公路桥面铺装复合结构模型,并以列车荷载作用下的整桥计算结果等效为复合结构模型强制位移边界条件,最后计算公路车辆荷载作用下的铺装结构力学响应,得到铺装层的控制荷载和力学指标。分析表明,考虑列车荷载作用后,公路车辆荷载中心位于纵向加劲肋一端正上方位置为公路铺装体系的横向控制荷位;考虑列车荷载作用后的铺装层最大横向拉应力峰值比不考虑列车荷载时增加了18%,给公路桥面铺装层纵向裂缝的控制、结构设计和材料试验提出更高的要求。     

Study of super long span cable-stayed bridges with CFRP components

This paper introduces new types of cable-stayed bridges with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) stay cables and/or a CFRP bridge deck. For each of the two CFRP components, namely, CFRP stay cables and CFRP bridge deck, the key design parameters and design strategies were determined and the appropriate value of each key design parameter was suggested. Using the suggested parameter values, six types of cable-stayed bridges with a main span length of 1400 m were selected and modeled with the finite element method, through which the procedures of designing composite cable-stayed bridges with CFRP components were presented in details. From a mechanical-behavior viewpoint (static and dynamic) a comparative study of composite cable-stayed bridges with different CFRP components was performed through numerical simulations. The economical behavior of each type of cable-stayed bridges was also comparatively studied considering the varying material price. With the high strength-to-weight ratio and other advantages of CFRP materials, it was proven in this study that the use of CFRP stay cables and CFRP bridge decks in super long span cable-stayed bridges is feasible and these types of composite cable-stayed bridges could become an excellent alternative to steel cable-stayed bridges where super long spans are desired.     

基于风洞试验的苏通大跨越输电塔风振系数研究

苏通大跨越输电塔的结构形式有别于普通的钢结构杆塔,其塔身下部结构采用钢管混凝土、上部结构采用钢管,质量突变大,主要受风荷载控制,并且塔高超出GB 50009—2012《建筑结构荷载规范》的梯度风高度限制。为此,采用气动弹性模型和刚性模型的边界层风洞试验确定苏通大跨越输电塔的风致响应和气动力,基于试验数据计算不同风向角下的惯性力风振系数、位移风振系数和有效荷载风振系数,并进行对比。并通过有限元分析梯度风高度对惯性力风振系数的影响,同时将有限元分析得到的风振系数分布和加权值与DL/T 5154的风振系数规定作比较。结果表明：上述3种风振系数分布规律并不相同,由其分别确定的等效位移接近于试验值;考虑梯度风高度后,风振系数变小,分布形状影响小;苏通大跨越输电塔的惯性力风振系数加权值小于1.6,且风振系数由下到上不是单调增大。     

大跨度斜拉桥几何非线性静力计算分析

以斜拉桥作为研究对象,对斜拉桥的几何非线性问题进行了详细的介绍,并讨论了斜拉桥非线性分析的几种基本方法,编制相应的计算程序对几座典型的实桥进行了计算分析.计算结果表明,斜拉桥这种柔性结构在恒载作用下是高度非线性的,跨径越大,几何非线性表现得越突出,结构分析与设计中考虑几何非线性的影响就显得十分必要.     

大跨度斜拉桥结构偏载效应研究

大跨度斜拉桥箱梁的几何构造对约束扭转正应力的影响沿桥的跨度是变化的,使得荷载的内力影响面的形状较为复杂,同时沿桥纵向偏载系数也是变化的。通过偏载力学理论分析和实际斜拉桥的ANSYS有限元建模计算,研究了变截面预应力波形钢腹板部分斜拉桥偏载系数沿跨度的分布规律,提出实用的偏载系数取值建议,可为同类大跨度桥梁工程的设计提供参考。     

大跨斜拉桥拉索内外置阻尼器选型实例研究

随着斜拉桥跨径的增大,拉索逐渐变长,其内阻尼低、固有频率分布广的特点越来越突出,在外界因素的激励下拉索易发生振动,因此有必要选择合适的拉索阻尼器进行减振控制.本文研究了多座国内外具有代表性的大跨度斜拉桥的内外置阻尼器的选用情况,对拉索阻尼器的选型特点进行分析,结果表明:具有较大索力和较短长度的斜拉索通常使用内置阻尼器,...     

斜拉索索力测量方法的比较分析

介绍常用的斜拉索索力的几种测量方法,着重介绍频率振动法的原理与影响因素。同时,结合某实际案例,介绍用有限元分析软件分析给定索力时斜拉索不同计算模型对索计算频率的影响,并与不同解析方法的计算结果对比分析,认为长索采用张拉弦模型计算结果比较精确;短索采用铰支梁模型时计算前5阶频率时可以不考虑索抗弯刚度的影响,运用固支梁模型计算的低阶频率与实测值比较接近。     

Modal analysis of suspension bridge deck units in erection stage

A long suspension bridge located in a typhoon region may be exposed to a high risk of wind-induced large vibrations during the construction stage because of its long construction period. The dynamic properties of the bridge in different construction stages therefore have to be well understood in bridge design, so that a proper wind tunnel test or further dynamic response analysis can be performed. To this end, this paper presents a detailed finite element modeling and modal analysis of the Tsing Ma long suspension bridge when the first few deck units are erected at the bridge midspan. The three-dimensional finite element model includes not only the deck units but also the main cables to which the deck units are suspended through hangers, the bridge towers, and the side span cables. The results from the numerical analysis show a clear picture of how dynamic properties are transformed from the tower-cable system to the tower-cable-deck unit system. The results indicate that wind-induced vibration of a cable suspension bridge during the construction stage may be more critical than that of the completed bridge. The predicted natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tower-cable-deck unit system are also compared with the measured results, and the comparison is satisfactory.