晶化温度对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶和显微结构的影响

采用差热分析（DTA）、红外光谱分析（IR）、X衍射分析（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析手段对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的析晶和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明：随晶化温度升高，玻璃首先析出β-石英固溶体晶体，晶化温度升高β-石英固溶体向β-锂辉石固溶体转变，晶粒尺寸及含量逐渐增大，但晶化温度过高这种趋势变化不大。最佳的晶化温度为810℃，所制得的微晶玻璃具有低膨胀相的晶体结构，可荻得较好的热膨胀性能。     

含F-锂镁铝硅微晶玻璃的制备及晶化行为的研究

采用熔融烧结法,引入一定量的MgF2,制备出LMASF系微晶玻璃,采用DTA、XRD对该微晶玻璃的析晶温度和物相组成进行了分析,并采用SEM观察了微晶玻璃的断面形貌.讨论了热处理对微晶玻璃析晶的影响,并对其晶化行为和微观形貌进行了研究.实验结果表明,该微晶玻璃首先析出LixAlx Si1-xO2晶体,后随着温度的升高析出β-锂辉石晶体;最佳晶化温度为786℃,在该温度下保温2h,析出棒状β-锂辉石晶体,晶体长度为2～5μm,长径比较大.     

热处理对二硅酸锂微晶玻璃结构和强度的影响

以SiO_2-Li_2O-K_2O-B_2O_3-P_2O_5为基础组成,P_2O_5为形核剂,采用传统熔体冷却法制备了该系统基础玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM等检测手段研究了热处理制度对玻璃析晶行为、析出晶相种类、晶粒尺寸、晶粒分布及微晶玻璃力学性能的影响.结果表明,当引入P_2O_5为形核剂时,玻璃在核化温度范围内发生分相,并诱导Li_2SiO_3的异相成核.随温度的升高,亚稳态的Li_2SiO_3最终转变成Li_2Si_2O_5稳定相.基础玻璃经核化处理后,分两步晶化比一步晶化更有利于Li_2Si_2O_5的生长,并在一定程度上提高了微晶玻璃的抗弯强度.延长晶化时间能使Li_2Si_2O_5晶体进一步生长,联锁微观结构聚集体的尺寸增大,晶粒与晶粒间交联程度更高,晶粒间有更牢固的化学键合,抗弯强度有所提高.     

70GeS_2-15Ga_2S_3-15Ag_2S硫系微晶玻璃的制备及其光学、物理性能(英文)

利用传统的融熔-淬冷技术制备了70GeS2-15Ga2S3-15Ag2S硫系玻璃,并通过析晶处理成功地制得了含优异非线性光学晶体AgGaGeS4的硫系微晶玻璃。线性光学性能和维氏硬度研究表明该材料适于作为中红外光学材料应用。麦克条纹测试(Maker fringe)表明该微晶玻璃有着良好的二阶非线性光学性能。该硫系微晶玻璃是一种新型的中红外光学频率变换用候选材料。     

硫硒化镉微晶玻璃制备和非线性光学性质研究

具有明显量子尺寸效应和较大三阶非线性光学效应的CdSxSe1-x(O相似文献   

Ge-Ga-S-AgCl硫卤微晶玻璃的二阶非线性光学效应

在275℃(Tg-40℃),将47.5GeS2-17.5Ga2S3-35AgCl硫卤玻璃保温6～48h后,获得了具有二阶非线性光学效应的硫卤微晶玻璃.X射线衍射(XRD)、可见一近红外透射光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明,有AgGaGeS4微晶析出并均匀分布在整块微晶玻璃中.采用Maker条纹测试方法,研究了微晶玻璃中二次谐波产生(SHG)的效应,其产生的原因主要归结于微晶玻璃中析出的AgGaGeS4非线性光学晶体.获得的Maker条纹图形状是没有干涉条纹的圆形突起包络.当基频光入射角在0°左右时,二次谐波的强度出现最大值.最大的二次谐波相对强度值可达α-SiO2单晶的1/3.这种微晶玻璃极有希望应用于红外光谱区的光电调制领域.     

AgCl纳米晶掺杂铌碲酸盐系统非线性光学玻璃材料研究

铌碲酸盐非线性光学玻璃具有优良的三阶非线性光学效应,引入适量纳米晶体后,有望进一步提高玻璃的三阶非线性光学性能.本文采用在辅助电场诱导下的热处理方法在TeO2-Nb2O5-BaO-AgCl系统玻璃中析出AgCl纳米晶体,并研究了AgCl含量、热处理工艺及电场施加工艺对纳米晶析出和三阶非线性光学性能的影响.结果发现,在铌碲酸盐系统玻璃中引入0.1%～0.35%(质量分数)的AgCl,经热处理后可在玻璃中获得AgCl纳米晶体,而辅助电场提供的较小推动力可诱导更多的纳米晶体均匀析出,并且可以将其尺寸控制在20nm以下.采用辅助电场与热处理工艺相匹配的控制技术可以明显提高材料的三阶非线性光学性能.     

核化温度对CaO—Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃微观结构及性能的影响

本文以钢渣和赤泥为主料,采用熔融法制备了CaO对微晶玻璃物相、微观结构及性能的影响。分析测试结果表明,化温度的升高,主晶相衍射峰先增高后降低,晶相析出量增加,晶玻璃的抗弯强度和耐腐蚀性最好。CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃,探讨了不同核化温度微晶玻璃的结晶物相不随核化温度的变化而改变。随着核且析出的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。当核化温度为770℃时,微     

CsCl对Ge23Se67Sb10红外玻璃组织和性能的影响

采用DSC、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、维氏显微硬度计和阿基米德法研究了CsCl对Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃特征温度、微观组织,红外透过率、显微硬度和密度的影响规律。研究结果发现,向Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃中加入CsCl,可在玻璃基体中析出GeSe2和Sb2Se3晶体相,析晶相的尺寸随CsCl含量的增加而增大;随着CsCl含量的增加,试样的特征温度降低、密度减小、红外透过率下降;Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃的显微硬度随CsCl含量的增加具有先增大后减小的规律,CsCl含量为2%时,显微硬度达到了208MPa,比基体玻璃提高了近16%。     

K2O对LZAS微晶玻璃微观结构及热膨胀性能的影响

采用DTA、XRD、SEM、TEC(热膨胀系数)等分析手段研究了加入K2O前后LZAS系统微晶玻璃的微观结构和热膨胀性能.结果表明,650℃晶化时,试样析出γⅡ-LZS和方石英晶体;725℃时,γⅡ-LZS逐渐转变为γ0-LZS晶体,并且出现β-石英固溶体;800℃时,β-石英固溶体转变为β-锂辉石固溶体,晶粒尺寸逐渐长大.制得微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数在(50～130)×10-7℃-1(20～500℃)之间,其大小取决于晶相的种类和含量.并且K2O的加入降低了玻璃的转变温度、粘度,抑制了玻璃的析晶倾向,增大了微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数.     

Surface roughness evolution during early stages of mechanical cyclic loading

The effect of crystal size and initial dislocation density on surface roughness evolution in FCC single crystals during the early number of cycles of mechanical cyclic loading is investigated using three dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. Crystals having size less than 2 μm show early development of surface slip localization, while larger ones show a more uniform distribution of surface steps. The surface roughness is found to increase with increasing number of loading cycles with larger crystals showing a high roughening rate compared to smaller crystals. Double cross-slip is observed to be the main mechanism that derives the development, growth and thickening of surface slip bands. The maximum surface height, which is an indicator of the surface stress concentration is observed to increase linearly with the number of loading cycles and quadratically with the crystal size for the simulated number of cycles. Finally, the results are shown to be in agreement with experimental results and provide further physics based understanding on the mechanisms controlling the evolution of the surface roughness.     

Domain size engineering in tetragonal Pb(In(1∕2)Nb(1∕2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1∕3)Nb(2∕3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) crystals

The effect of domain size on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of [111]-oriented tetragonal Pb(In(1∕2)Nb(1∕2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1∕3)Nb(2∕3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) crystals was investigated. The dielectric permittivity (?(33?) (T)∕?(0)) and piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)) were found to be on the order of 13 800 and 1630 pC∕N, respectively, for samples with domain size of ～500?nm, a 3-fold increase to crystals with domain size of ～50?μm. Rayleigh analysis revealed that the extrinsic contribution to the piezoelectric response increased from ～8% to 30% with decreasing domain size, due to the increased domain wall density and associated irreversible domain wall motion. The enhanced properties were thought to relate to the fine domain structures, however, showing a poor electric field and temperature stabilities with domain size of 500?nm. Of particular significance is that samples with domain size being on the order of 5?μm exhibit field and temperature stabilities, with yet high piezoelectric properties, make it potential for transducer applications.     

热处理时间对透辉石系尾矿微晶玻璃析晶及其性能的影响

使用金尾矿和铁尾矿为主要原料,采用熔融法和一步法析晶热处理制备了透辉石系尾矿微晶玻璃。将其分别在低温段720℃和高温段820℃保温,使用DSC、XRD、Raman光谱、SEM和综合力学性能仪等手段研究了保温时间对透辉石系尾矿微晶玻璃析晶过程及性能的影响。结果表明：该系微晶玻璃的主晶相为单斜结构的透辉石晶体(Mg_0.6Fe_0.2Al_0.2)Ca(Si_1.5A_l0.5)O₆(JCPDS 72-1379),晶体的生长过程包括玻璃的分相、成核和晶体生长过程。热处理温度为低温段720℃时透辉石晶体的成核温度为720℃,随着保温时间的延长透辉石晶体逐渐长大且由球状晶向枝状晶演变,透灰石晶体的析出量逐渐增加;热处理温度为高温段820℃时透辉石晶体的形貌均为尺寸较大的枝状晶,但是随着保温时间的延长透辉石晶体的形貌和尺寸变化不大。综合性能最优的热处理制度为在820℃保温45 min,制备出的微晶玻璃密度为2.97 g/cm³,抗折强度为211.0 MPa,硬度为789.0 MPa,耐酸性99.3%,耐碱性99.1%。     

Effect of Seed Sizes on Growth of Large Synthetic Diamond Crystals

For the growth of large synthetic diamond crystals by temperature gradient method （TGM）, the grit sizes of seed crystals have great effects on the growth rate and quality of large grown crystals. Because of the limited area of seed surfaces, the maximum diffusion flux of carbon source, which could be absorbed by the seed, is related to the seed size. And with increasing the seed sizes, the growth rates also increase markedly. However, the seed sizes should be lower than a certain value, which determines the crystal quality directly. For example, with NiMnCo alloy as the metal solvent, when the seed size increases from 0.5 to 1.8 mm, the growth rate increases greatly from about 1.1 to 3.2 mg/h; when the size is beyond 2.0 mm, more and more metal inclusions would be incorporated into the grown crystals, and the crystal quality is destroyed heavily. Finite element analysis （FEA） shows that, due to the special assembly of growth cell, the diffusion of carbon source in the metal solvent is very inhomogeneous, which could be substantiated directly by the appearances and shapes of large grown crystals and the remains of carbon source. And this inhomogeneous diffusion of carbon source would be very harmful to the growth of large diamond crystals, especially when large-size seed crystals are used.     

不同尺寸COM、COD对阳离子表面活性剂CTAB的吸附性质差异

为比较研究不同纳微米尺寸的一水草酸钙(COM)和二水草酸钙(COD)晶体对阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的吸附差异, 探讨抑制剂对结石形成的抑制机理, 本研究测定了各浓度CTAB下不同尺寸COM或COD对CTAB的吸附量; 采用XRD和FT-IR表征吸附前后晶体是否发生晶相改变; 采用Zeta电位仪测定吸附后晶体表面的Zeta电位随CTAB浓度的变化。结果发现, 随着c(CTAB)浓度升高, 3 μm和10 μm的COM、COD晶体的吸附曲线由上升段和平台段组成, 而小尺寸的50 nm、100 nm、1 μm的COM、COD晶体的吸附曲线为直线型。随着晶体尺寸的增大, COM和COD晶体的吸附量依次降低。当尺寸相同时, COM对CTAB的吸附量要大于COD, 归因于CTAB更容易选择吸附在COM表面负电荷的区域。上述结果表明, 草酸钙晶体对阳离子表面活性剂的吸附量与比表面积和晶体的晶面结构有关。晶体尺寸越小, 比表面积越大, 晶面暴露的草酸根密度越大, CTAB的吸附量越大, 导致晶体表面Zeta电位绝对值增大, 静电排斥力增强, 从而抑制尿微晶的聚集, 有利于抑制草酸钙结石的形成。     

Growth and electrical characterization of the lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystals for piezoelectric devices

The lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate is one of the new generations of piezoelectric materials with outstanding properties. Single crystals of 0.67Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.33PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) show superior properties as compared to piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric films in device applications. Large size crystals are required for specific applications. Previously, transparent and high quality PMN-PT single crystals have been grown in our laboratory using the high temperature flux method. The size of the obtained crystals was small and varied from 2 to 8 mm³, mostly showing regular prismatic shape. In present attempt, PMN-PT crystals are grown from the vertical gradient freeze method with no flux using congruent melt. Processing conditions and growth parameters have been optimized to increase the size and yield of the perovskite crystals including cooling rate, soak time and soak temperature. The size of the grown crystals obtained by this method is very large relatively and varied from 5 to 30 mm³. The microstructure of the as grown single crystals is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Piezoelectric properties of the grown crystals are also investigated. PMN-PT plates show excellent piezoelectric properties. Samples were poled under an applied electric field of 5 kV/cm. Dielectric properties at a frequency of 1 kHz are examined. Finally, the variation of pyroelectric coefficient with temperature is studied. The grown PMN-PT crystals show typical relaxor dielectric properties.     

Annihilation of deformation-produced vacancy clusters in alkali halides at room temperature

The aging of plastically deformed crystals of NaCl and KCl at room temperature for a long time results in a bulk density increase as evidenced by thermal gradient flotation measurements. The effect is explained by the annihilation of deformation-induced clusters on dislocations. No density variation was found in LiF and NaF crystals. A model has been suggested for the formation of vacancy clusters by disrupture of unrelaxed dislocation dipoles. From the model it follows that cluster size and mobility should decrease in the homologic row of alkali halides, which is consistent with experimental evidence. The cluster diffusion coefficient has been estimated to be 10^?16 cm²s^?1 at room temperature.     

Column-usable inorganic fixator preparation by localized growth on a solid alkaline ferrocyanide

Inorganic fixators are selective sorbents which would often be preferred to commercial ion exchangers if they were suitable for column utilization. We present a new preparation method whose principle is a slow growth of an insoluble compound on a soluble-reacting crystal placed in a concentrated solution of another reactant. By this process, it is possible to prepare mixed zinc or nickel ferrocyanides by local growth on sodium or potassium ferrocyanide crystals placed in a concentrated zinc or nickel solution. The particle size is controlled by the size of the starting solid, the solution concentration and temperature. The growth mechanism seems to be a diffusion of water and divalent ions through the film of insoluble product formed around the soluble crystals. The reaction rate is increased by dilution of the solution or increase of its temperature. This method allows the preparation at low cost of insoluble ferrocyanide columns.     

Organization of the production of 100 tons of lead tungstate crystals for the CMS experiment at CERN

The CMS collaboration at CERN has undertaken at the end of 1994 an ambitious R&D program on Lead Tugstate scintillating crystals for its electromagnetic calorimeter. All the parameters of this crystal have been extensively studied in order to optimize its performances in the context of the Large Hadron Collider. Full size crystals (23 cm in length, up to 2.5 × 2.5 cm² in section) with the desired trapezoidal geometry can now be grown and mechanically processed with a yield in excess of 80%. A thorough investigation of the raw material preparation and of the growing conditions has led to a significant improvement in the optical transparency and in the light yield of the crystals. A detailed understanding of the light emission mechanism was 1995. A systematic analysis of the parameters influencing the structural quality of the crystals was at the origin of a considerable improvement of the radiation hardness of full size crystals. All these progress will be illustrated by results of measurements on a statistically representative number of crystals. The conditions of these improvements will be discussed in the context of the mass production of more than 80,000 crystals in a cost effective way.     

Synthesis of stable suspensions of discrete colloidal zeolite (Na,TPA)ZSM-5 crystals

Synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 in the form of stable suspensions of colloidal crystals from clear homogeneous solutions has been achieved from synthesis mixtures with low sodium and high TPAOH concentrations. The ultimate size of the discrete crystals is in the range 130–230 nm with a narrow particle size distribution. The crystal growth was monitored by the direct method of dynamic light scattering. An increasing alumina concentration was found to decrease the crystal growth rate, the number of crystals produced, and the ZSM-5 yield. The final crystal size was found to increase with increasing alumina concentration in the synthesis solution. The number of crystals produced decreased with an increased alkalinity in contradiction to what has been found for colloidal TPA-silicalite-1. This together with the presence of the two competing processes, crystal growth and crystal dissolution, which are both catalyzed by hydroxide ions, suggests the presence of an optimum alkalinity (depending on the alumina concentration).