绿色高效溶剂--离子液体

室温离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子构成的、在室温或室温附近温度下呈液体状态的盐类.本文综述了离子液体的4种合成方法,重点介绍了离子液体的物化性能及影响物化性能的因素,同时还对离子液体作为绿色高效溶剂在化学反应、电化学及分离工程中的应用进行了简要介绍.     

室温离子液体及其研究进展

室温离子液体是在室温或室温附近呈液态、具有离子特性的一种液体.因具有较低的熔点,良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸汽压等优点,引起了科学界和工业界的广泛瞩目.近年来,随着研究的深入,室温离子液体已在化学分离、催化、电化学等方面发挥着重要作用,特别是室温离子液体作为高效绿色溶剂的应用方面越来越被关注.本文对室温离子液体的种类、特性及研究进展方面进行了综述.     

离子液体的应用研究进展

离子液体是在室温或室温附近下呈液态、具有离子特性的新型溶剂,具有超低蒸气压,也称为绿色溶剂。介绍了离子液体的历史发展、种类,论述了离子液体在化学反应、分离过程、电化学、高分子离子液体及其他领域中的应用。     

离子液体在电化学生物传感器中的应用

介绍了新型材料离子液体的组成及性质,从室温离子液体的碳电极、Sol-Gel材料和聚合物材料等几方面介绍了离子液体在电化学生物传感器中的应用。     

金属在离子液体中的电沉积研究综述

离子液体是在室温或接近室温条件下由离子组成的电解质。在离子液体中可以沉积出元素周期表中的大多金属、半导体金属及其化合物。简要介绍了离子液体的发展历史、种类和特点,并介绍了金属在不同种类离子液体中的电沉积,论述了在离子液体中金属电沉积应用的机遇与挑战。     

室温离子液体在化学合成和萃取分离中的应用

室温离子液体被认为是一种多功能的新型绿色溶剂,其应用十分广泛。简要地介绍了室温离子液体的特性、制备方法,并着重讨论了室温离子液体在化学合成和萃取分离等方面的应用及研究进展。     

离子液体作为CO_2吸附剂的研究进展

离子液体(ILs)是完全由特定阳、阴离子构成的在室温或近于室温下呈液态的物质,是一类新型"软"功能材料或介质,CO2能与ILs发生强相互作用,在其中具有很高的溶解度。本文综述了CO2在传统离子液体、功能化离子液体、聚合离子液体及其他形式离子液体中的溶解度,讨论了CO2在离子液体中溶解度的影响因素以及计算机模拟在离子液体溶解CO2研究中的应用,指出了离子液体作为吸收剂的优缺点,展望了其代替传统CO2吸收剂的研究前景。     

离子液体在有色金属冶金中的应用

离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂在有色金属提取与分离中有着重要作用. 本文着重介绍了离子液体在金属及其氧化物的溶解与腐蚀、活泼金属镁铝钛电沉积及黄铜矿湿法冶金方面的应用. 研究工作显示,离子液体的应用可以使冶金反应在室温或接近室温下进行, 可大幅度降低能耗和生产成本, 减少环境污染.     

近几年国内外离子液体气相色谱柱的进展

室温离子液体由于它具有十分特殊的性质,得到了各个领域广泛的应用,近几年在气相色谱中应用室温离子液体作固定相的研究成为气相色谱的热点,这主要是由于新开发出来的离子液体可以很好地满足气相色谱固定相的要求。对近几年室温离子液体在气相色谱中的应用做一简要综述。     

离子液体应用研究进展

由于离子液体具有较低的熔点、良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸汽压等优点,引起了科学界和工业界的广泛瞩目.随着研究的日益深入,室温离子液体已经被开发和应用到诸多领域.对室温离子液体应用的研究进展进行了综述,详细介绍了离子液体在电化学、化学反应、分离过程以及在新材料等方面的应用.并对该领域的研究前景作了展望.     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.     

绿色溶剂-离子液体的合成

室温离子液体作为一类新型的环境友好的“绿色溶剂”,其物理和化学性质相对稳定．具有结构可调及可循环利用等特性,被称为绿色溶剂,已合成的离子液体己达百种以上。文章简述了室温离子液体的种类及离子液体的合成方法。     

普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展

离子液体是在室温下为液体、具有离子特性的新型绿色溶剂,作为一类环境友好型的反应介质,在诸多领域有其独特的性质.综述了普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望.     

离子液体支撑液膜的研究及应用进展

回顾了目前为止离子液体支撑液膜的制备方法、离子液体结构、支撑膜结构对离子液体支撑液膜稳定性的影响因素,介绍了其在有机物分离、气体分离、分离反应耦合方面的应用。由于传统的单元操作很难满足污染和对过程集成的要求,对离子液体支撑液膜在未来实现清洁生产的发展方向进行了展望。     

Influence of ionic liquids on the growth ofEscherichia coli

Ionic liquids are compounds that composed only of ions and are liquid at room temperature. Thus, it is normally named room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). In this study, the application of RTILs to the extractive fermentation of biomaterials was investigated as a substitute of organic solvents. The relative toxicity of the RTILs on the growth ofE. coli was tested. The inhibition of cell growth in the presence of various ionic liquids was measured using solid and liquid culture, and EC₅₀ of each RTILs was calculated. The number of viable and total cells was measured by the number of colonies and optical density, respectively. Effective concentrations of toxicity (EC₅₀) in these tested systems were similar with conventional solvents, such as acetone, acetonitrile, and ethanol. The viability ofE. coli was affected by the polarity and ionic properties of ionic liquids. The resistance of the microorganisms against ionic liquids was different with the cations and anions composing ionic liquids. No general influence of the anionic compound of the ionic liquids was found on toxicity comparing with distinctive influence of cationic moiety.     

离子液体在分离分析中的应用

离子液体是在室温或室温附近温度下为液态且完全由离子构成的新型溶剂。具有很多独特的性质,已成功应用于分离分析的各个领域。文中综述了室温离子液体在气相色谱、液相色谱、光谱分析等领域的应用。     

离子液体在烯烃复分解反应中的应用

离子液体作为一种环境友好的催化剂和溶剂，受到了人们日益的关注。本文从离子液体作为溶剂、催化剂溶解于离子液体、离子液体的负离子作为催化剂配体三个方面，详细地介绍了离子液体在烯烃复分解反应中的应用，很好地解决了催化剂难储存、难循环利用和底物范围狭窄等问题。     

Room temperature ionic liquids as replacements for conventional solvents – A review

Room temperature ionic liquids are salts that are liquids at ambient temperature. They are excellent solvents for a broad range of polar organic compounds and they show partial miscibility with aromatic hydrocarbons. Typical room temperature ionic liquids have a stable liquid range of over 300 K and have a very low vapor pressure at room temperature. Ionic liquids that are not hydrolyzed show a wide range of solubility in water. These unique properties have suggested that they might be useful as environmentally benign solvents that could replace volatile organic compounds (VOC). By varying the length and branching of the alkane chains of the cationic core and the anionic precursor, the solvent properties of ionic liquids should be able to be tailored to meet the requirements of specific applications to create an almost infinitely set of “designer solvents”. A review of recent applications of ionic liquids is presented along with some results of measurements of liquid-liquid equilibria and partition coefficients with alcohols. The results are compared with predictions based on quantum mechanic calculations.     

离子液体的合成与应用

离子液体即在常温及附近温度下为液体的离子物质,已合成的主子液体已达上百种,离子液体的合成方法有复分解法和中和法,其应用研究领域有分离过程,化学反应特别是催化反应以及电化学等方面。     

Understanding the chemical reaction and mass-transfer phenomena in a recirculating enzymatic membrane reactor for green ester synthesis in ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems

The synthesis of butyl propionate in a recirculating bioreactor in room temperature ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems at 50 °C and 80 bar was studied. In these systems, α-alumina microporous membranes with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B were coated with four different ionic liquids based on 1-n-alkyl-3-imidazolium cations and hexafluorophosphate and bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide anions. Selectivity increased (reaching >99.5%) when room temperature ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems were used rather than in supercritical carbon dioxide alone. To understand the behaviour of the enzyme and the mass-transfer phenomena in these biphasic systems, the reaction was also carried out in ionic liquids and in ionic liquid/hexane biphasic systems, and the ionic liquid/hexane partition coefficients of the compounds involved in the transesterification reaction were determined. It was observed that the activity in room temperature ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems depends on the effect of the ionic liquid media on the enzyme and the diffusional limitations across the IL-layer around the biocatalyst.