新型双向流量计磁导率和几何参数对流量输出电压信号的影响

新型双向流量计外部磁线圈输出电压信号波形不平滑、杂波扰动明显的问题与部件磁导率、几何参数等密切相关,为了改善外部磁线圈输出电压信号质量及优化设计参数,首先对流量传感器的结构进行理论分析,得到了外部磁线圈输出电压信号的解析式,然后建立了二维Ansoft Maxwell仿真模型,对导磁体小球、永磁体、磁线圈、测量管、中轴等部件的磁导率和几何参数对线圈输出感应信号的影响进行仿真.结果表明,永磁体体积越大、导磁体小球的半径和磁导率越大、中轴的半径和磁导率越大,外部磁线圈输出感生电压信号幅值越大;测量管壁厚度和磁导率越大、永磁体与导磁性小球距离越大,外部磁线圈输出感生电压信号幅值越小.增加测量管壁的厚度对抑制基波扰动信号幅值、平滑输出波形具有较明显的作用.     

线圈磁耦合模型仿真及其应用

水下通信是发展海洋技术、充分利用海洋资源的关键技术之一.本文研究和探讨了基于水下通信的磁耦合模型仿真及其应用问题,包括磁耦合水下通信的整体系统模型规划、磁耦合模型简图和等效电路模型,同时也研究了磁耦合模型在其它领域的应用.主要利用有限元和控制变量的方法研究了磁耦合模型的仿真问题,系统的分析了通信频率、激励电压、线圈直径和线圈匝数对磁耦合强度的影响情况.通过有效的仿真,能够将磁耦合通信过程中的通信频率、激励电压、线圈直径和线圈匝数对通信距离的影响形象地描绘出来.另外,对于线圈磁耦合模型的应用研究也加深了对磁耦合模型的认识,此项工作为后续进一步设计可靠有效的磁耦合通信系统,优化通信参数提供了重要的借鉴意义.     

MEMS三维微触觉力传感器标定方法

针对一种微机电系统(micro electro mechanical system,MEMS)三维微触觉力传感器,采用悬臂梁弯曲变形获得了标准微小力信号,通过测量传感器敏感梁弹性导致的传感器测杆的微小位移量,对标定过程中的误差进行了补偿,实现了三维微触觉力传感器的精确标定.建立了MEMS三维微触觉力传感器标定系统,对悬臂梁的弹性系数进行了标定,对传感器测头输出的微小电压信号设计了线性化的信号调理电路.标定过程中考虑了由于传感器敏感梁弹性变形导致的传感器测杆的微小位移量对标定精度的影响.采用高精度的纳米测量机(nano-measuring machine,NMM)对传感器测杆的位移特性进行测量,利用该参数对传感器的力特性系数进行误差补偿,最后根据传感器输出的初始电压和力特性系数建立了传感器的力特性输出方程.     

脉冲漏磁无损检测影响因素分析

脉冲漏磁无损检测系统可以用来检测带保温层管道的腐蚀缺陷,其主要参数的设计对提高系统的检测性能具有重要意义。分析了检测线圈尺寸、激励脉冲信号的频率、电压、占空比以及边缘效应等因素对检测结果的影响,给出了检测结果随这些因素的变化规律,为系统参数的优化设计提供了依据。     

探测安静型潜艇的磁探浮标

磁探浮标主要用于静态检测运动的安静型潜艇。安静型潜艇运动时的磁异常特征是一个甚低频的微弱磁信号,为了有效地检测该磁信号,磁探浮标必须具有高的磁测量灵敏度和好的低频通带特性。本文对磁探浮标的静态磁检测灵敏度和系统低频特性进行分析和研究,同时论述了提高性能的途径。     

超磁致伸缩棒磁场强度建模及线圈优化分析

超磁致伸缩棒上的磁场强度对超磁致伸缩致动器(GMA)至关重要,因其幅值和上升、下降时间直接影响致动器的输出力和响应时间.建立电压到磁场强度的模型,并提出较合理的线圈优化方案.将线圈充、放电过程简化为一阶RL线性电路的暂态过程,计算得到线圈电流,并根据线圈电流建立超磁致伸缩棒上的磁场强度模型.由模型可知,致动器尺寸有限制时,棒上磁场强度的优化应主要考虑线圈匝数;通过分析线圈匝数对磁场强度稳态值、上升时间和下降时间的影响确定匝数的取值范围.向线圈施加不同频率和幅值的方波电压信号,得到的模型曲线与测得的实验结果相吻合,从而验证了模型的正确性.     

浅述线圈磁芯全桥结构的读磁器

一种线圈磁芯全桥结构的读磁器,与防伪检测设备的主处理器连接的,读磁器包括外壳、在外壳内设置有坡莫合金屏蔽壳和差分放大模块、沿坡莫合金屏蔽壳的长度方向设有工作窗口,且在工作窗口中依次设置多个独立的检测通道,每个检测通道由4个磁感应单元组成的惠斯通全桥结构;惠斯通全桥结构用于感应磁场的变化输出差分电压信号到差分放大模块中,差分放大模块具有抑制共模输入信号,放大差模输入信号的功能,并输出待检物的磁特征防伪信号给防伪检测设备的主处理器,从而大大地提高了国产传统的线圈+磁芯式读磁传感器抗电磁干扰性能及输出信号的信噪比,达到了防伪检测设备对读磁传感器抗电磁干扰及信噪比的性能要求。     

动态脑电地形图调节的经穴磁刺激系统设计

针对现有电、磁刺激系统参数调节存在的不足,设计了一种利用动态脑电地形图反馈调节的经穴磁刺激系统．该系统磁刺激发生模块基于DDS技术,利用单片机编程产生刺激波形、幅度、频率可调的刺激信号,功率放大后,经喇叭状刺激线圈产生磁场,作用于人体穴位．脑电仪在线检测大脑的脑电信号,经计算机数据处理,实时显示大脑a波动态脑电地形图,并反馈调节磁刺激强度、刺激频率和刺激波形．结果表明,该系统可以优化经穴磁刺激的输入方式,改善大脑a波能量,促进脑瘫病人神经系统恢复和康复训练．     

基于逆磁致伸缩的索力传感器原理与影响因素研究

基于逆磁致伸缩效应,建立钢缆索索力传感器理论模型,分析了施加在缆索材料上的力信号(外力和应变)与磁信号(磁感应强度、磁场强度)之间的耦合关系.针对一种环式结构的索力传感器,对索力测量原理做了详细推导,可通过检测感应线圈的感应电压反映材料所受外力.传感器输出感应电压与空气间隙尺寸、外部激励磁场下的材料磁导率、激励磁场变化、加载外力变化等因素有关,重点分析了激励磁场变化和外力变化对传感器输出的影响.当外力是缓变力,可通过检测感应积分电压求得外力;当外力是交变力,直接通过感应电压求得外力;最后通过对磁场变化和外力变化影响分别进行了仿真,结果与理论分析基本一致,表明所建立的索力传感器理论模型可行.     

柱棒式超磁致伸缩能量收集器的设计与实验

为了能够利用自然界中的振动能量,弥补传统微器件供能方式的不足。设计制作了一种以超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)为基础的振动能量收集装置,并通过实验加以验证其能量收集特性;首先,通过对超磁致伸缩材料物理特性的分析,进行了能量收集装置理论建模与仿真分析;然后,根据仿真分析的结果设计了一套柱棒式的超磁致伸缩能量收集器;最后,通过搭建实验平台进行了效果验证。实验结果表明:当输入激振信号频率f_n不变,振动能量收集装置输出电压峰-峰值和输入振动信号的幅值F_m成正比;当输入振动信号幅值F_m不变,振动能量收集装置输出电压峰-峰值和输入激振信号的频率fn成正比;在激振应力最大值为2.54 MPa、频率100 Hz的正弦激振条件下,感应线圈100匝的实验条件下,超磁致伸缩振动能量收集器输出电动势峰-峰值为136.4 mV,与理论值(156 mV)符合较好,且波形一致。     

Magnetic Properties of Diluted Magnetic Nanowire

A magnetic diluted nanowire with cylindrical structure described by the Ising model is investigated. Using the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique, the influence of the dilution on the phase diagrams, susceptibility and the hysteresis loops are discussed in detail. Novel features are obtained for the thermal variations of longitudinal susceptibility and longitudinal magnetization. We have investigated the magnetic reversal of the system and have found the existence of triple hysteresis loops patterns, affected by the concentration of magnetic atoms, the temperature, and the exchange interaction between the core and the surface shell.     

Tweezing of Magnetic and Non‐Magnetic Objects with Magnetic Fields

Although strong magnetic fields cannot be conveniently “focused” like light, modern microfabrication techniques enable preparation of microstructures with which the field gradients – and resulting magnetic forces – can be localized to very small dimensions. This ability provides the foundation for magnetic tweezers which in their classical variant can address magnetic targets. More recently, the so‐called negative magnetophoretic tweezers have also been developed which enable trapping and manipulations of completely nonmagnetic particles provided that they are suspended in a high‐magnetic‐susceptibility liquid. These two modes of magnetic tweezing are complimentary techniques tailorable for different types of applications. This Progress Report provides the theoretical basis for both modalities and illustrates their specific uses ranging from the manipulation of colloids in 2D and 3D, to trapping of living cells, control of cell function, experiments with single molecules, and more.     

Magnetic Properties of Chalcopyrite-Based Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors

We calculated the chemical trends of transition metal-doped chalcopyrite DMS (diluted magnetic semiconductors) by the use of KKR–CPA–LDA method. The ferromagnetism was stable in V- and Cr-doped chalcopyrite DMS. In the case of Fe and Co doping, however, the spinglass-like state was realized. On the other hand, in the cases of Mn doped I-III-VI₂ and II-IV-V₂ type DMS, the ground state was ferromagnetic and spinglass-like, respectively.     

铁硅铝磁粉芯的磁特性研究

采用球磨制粉和模压成型方法制备了铁硅铝磁粉芯,并研究了其频率特性和直流叠加特性。结果表明,在测量的频率范围内（1～500kHz）,铁硅铝磁粉芯有效磁导率基本保持不变,而品质因数随频率的增加而增大,达到峰值后缓慢下降。在相同频率下,随着粉料粒度的减小,磁粉芯的有效磁导率降低,品质因数增加。铁硅铝磁粉芯具有良好的直流叠加特性,当直流偏磁场强度为1000e时,其有效磁导率变化率小于50％,且减小磁粉粒度可改善磁粉芯的直流叠加特性。     

SQUID-Detected Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Microtesla Magnetic Fields

We describe studies of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of liquid samples at room temperature in microtesla magnetic fields. The nuclear spins are prepolarized in a strong transient field. The magnetic signals generated by the precessing spins, which range in frequency from tens of Hz to several kHz, are detected by a low-transition temperature dc SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) coupled to an untuned, superconducting flux transformer configured as an axial gradiometer. The combination of prepolarization and frequency-independent detector sensitivity results in a high signal-to-noise ratio and high spectral resolution (～1 Hz) even in grossly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In the NMR experiments, the high spectral resolution enables us to detect the 10-Hz splitting of the spectrum of protons due to their scalar coupling to a ³¹P nucleus. Furthermore, the broadband detection scheme combined with a non-resonant field-reversal spin echo allows the simultaneous observation of signals from protons and ³¹P nuclei, even though their NMR resonance frequencies differ by a factor of 2.5. We extend our methodology to MRI in microtesla fields, where the high spectral resolution translates into high spatial resolution. We demonstrate two-dimensional images of a mineral oil phantom and slices of peppers, with a spatial resolution of about 1 mm. We also image an intact pepper using slice selection, again with 1-mm resolution. In further experiments we demonstrate T₁-contrast imaging of a water phantom, some parts of which were doped with a paramagnetic salt to reduce the longitudinal relaxation time T₁. Possible applications of this MRI technique include screening for tumors and integration with existing multichannel SQUID systems for brain imaging.     

Magnetic Nanocapsules

A brief review on recent advances in the area of the magnetic nanocapsules is given. The most applicable nanoencapsulation procedures are introduced, which include： （1） physical techniques such as arc-discharge, evaporating, etc.; （2） chemical techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, solid-state reactions, etc. The structure and magnetic properties of various nanocapsules with different core/shell structures are studied in details, for possibly applications in magnetic recording, magnetic refrigerator, magnetic fluids, superconductors and medicine.     

磁制冷材料中一级磁相变的研究进展

磁制冷技术作为21世纪的新一代制冷技术已经受到了关注。因此近年来具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料成为全球学术界的一个研究热点,并越来越受到工业界的重视。主要介绍了磁制冷材料中的一级磁相变特点,综述了具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料的研究进展和应用现状。最后展望了具有一级磁相变的磁制冷材料的发展趋势。     

磁制冷器

磁制冷是一种以磁热效应为基础的制冷方法.最早是由德国物理学家于1880年发现。早期用于制取极低的温度。近年来,室温磁制冷取得了较大的突破,已经研制出适合家用的磁制冷冰箱,同时由于它的制冷系数高和对大气的全球气候变暖影响小等优点,将成为一种很有发展前途的制冷方式。本文论述磁制冷和磁制冷冰箱的基本原理。