碳基无源器件研究进展综述

碳纳米材料具有诸多独特的物理特性,如极大的热导率和载流容量.根据国际半导体技术发展路线图给出的预测,碳纳米材料可望取代传统硅和铜材料成为下一代集成电路的基础材料.本文针对碳纳米材料在无源电子器件方面的发展现状和应用前景,详细讨论了碳纳米管、石墨烯纳米带等碳基纳米互连结构的电学特性.进而,简要评述了片上电感、电容器等碳基高频无源器件,并介绍了碳纳米材料在集成电路热管理方面的应用.     

电化学剥离制备石墨烯及其光电特性研究进展

石墨烯是一种新型的二维纳米碳材料,具有优良的物理、化学和机械性能,在储能器件、电子器件以及复合材料等诸多领域有广阔的应用前景。石墨烯的产业化生产一直是现在国际上材料科学研究的热点。在石墨烯的诸多制备方法中,电化学剥离方法具有快速高效、绿色环保等特点,有望实现产业化。首先综述了最近国内外电化学剥离法制备石墨烯和类石墨烯材料(BN和MoS2)的研究进展,并对其反应机理进行了探讨,然后简单介绍了石墨烯在光电子器件领域的研究现状和应用,最后对石墨烯前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯在电子器件研究中的应用

石墨烯是近年来逐步发展起来的新型电子材料,具有导电性好、电子迁移率高、比表面积大、导热率高、弹性好等优点,石墨烯的开发和应用已成为纳米材料、生物、化学以及电子信息等多个领域的研究热点。围绕近年来石墨烯在电子器件中的应用研究,本文主要对其在生化传感器、高速器件、太阳能电池、储能器件、柔性器件5个热点方向中的部分研究成果进行综述。     

石墨烯的制备与应用研究进展

综述了石墨烯的分类、重要的制备方法包括化学气相沉积法、电弧放电法和剥离法等,以及其在电子器件、电容器、场发射、复合材料和储能等领域应用的研究进展。探讨了石墨烯真正走向应用领域需要解决的问题。最后评述了石墨烯纳米材料研究的发展趋势和应用前景。     

喷墨印刷制备有机薄膜晶体管及其电路的研究进展

有机薄膜晶体管在大面积柔性显示、柔性电子存储等方面具有广阔的潜在应用前景。喷墨印刷技术由于具有工艺简单、成本低廉、微图形数字化、与柔性衬底兼容等优点而成为一种有效的制造有机电子器件工艺方法。文章综述了近年来基于喷墨印刷技术制备有机薄膜晶体管的研究进展,探讨了在制造过程中存在的问题。     

碳基射频电子器件研究进展

以三维体材料金刚石、二维材料石墨烯和准一维材料碳纳米管为代表的碳基电子材料,分别拥有超宽禁带、超高载流子迁移率、优异的导热性能和机械特性,以及独特的低维结构带来的各种量子效应,在射频大功率、高线性、太赫兹以及光电混频等器件领域,具有技术提升的巨大潜力。分别介绍了这三种典型碳基材料的基本电学特性,聚焦金刚石微波功率器件、石墨烯高频器件和电路以及碳纳米管高线性器件和电路,分析了从材料至器件层面的优势和挑战,并展望了碳基材料成为下一代半导体功能材料的前景。     

全透明低回滞s-SWCNT/AgNW薄膜晶体管的可控制备

利用高纯度、高均一性的半导体型单壁碳纳米管(s-SWCNT)网络薄膜作为薄膜晶体管的沟道材料,以高透明度、低薄膜电阻的银纳米线(Ag NW)网络薄膜作为源、漏电极,在玻璃基底上制备了大面积、高透明度的碳纳米管薄膜晶体管阵列,并使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜在器件表面通过干法封装获得了较低回滞的电子器件,得到了整体透明度达到82%以上的器件。提出的器件制备方法不仅制备材料易得,不需要高温过程,而且能够实现器件的大面积制备,对碳纳米管薄膜晶体管的全透明柔性化进程具有推进作用。     

溶液法氧化物薄膜晶体管的印刷制备

溶液法印刷制备电子器件因具有绿色环保、低成本、流程简单、柔性好和适应性强等优良特性,受到世界各个国家的重视,尤其高性能薄膜晶体管是平板显示和消费电子行业的基石,更成为了研究的热点。本文综述了基于溶液法氧化物薄膜晶体管印刷制备的最新研究进展,详细讨论了印刷氧化物薄膜晶体管结构优化、半导体层材料、电极层材料和绝缘层材料以及相关前驱体选择等,指出了提升器件性能的关键,明确了器件后处理与稳定性的关系。最后,本文总结了氧化物薄膜晶体管在印刷制备和应用过程中存在的问题以及发展前景。     

石墨烯异质结及其光电器件的研究进展

石墨烯是具有高迁移率、高热导率、高比表面积、高透过率及良好的机械强度等特性的二维材料,在光电子器件领域被广泛用作透明电极及电荷传输层等。但由于石墨烯是零带隙材料,为半金属性,限制了其在半导体光电子器件领域的应用。为更加切合半导体产业应用的要求,构建异质结已经成为相关领域实现应用的重要途径。国际上已有较多团队开展了石墨烯异质结相关研究,目前已有较多报道。本文从石墨烯的性质出发,讲述了石墨烯异质结的发展历程,制备方法,并从材料制备与器件结构的角度总结了基于石墨烯异质结光电子器件的研究进展。最后,对石墨烯异质结在光电子器件领域的发展进行了展望。     

碳纳米薄膜材料的研究进展

碳纳米薄膜是一种新型碳纳米材料,因其具有优良的物理和化学性能、很好地应用前景而受到了广泛关注。综述了无定形碳膜、石墨烯膜、类金刚石碳(DLC)膜、金刚石膜、CNx膜和碳纳米管(CNT)膜的制备方法和结构的研究进展,总结了其在不同领域的潜在应用价值。探讨了该研究领域亟待解决的问题以及今后的发展前景。今后一段时间内对碳纳米薄膜材料的制备和应用研究将会更加深入,研究应致力于碳纳米薄膜制备方法的简单化,寻求价格低廉的碳源,同时对应用开发还要有所拓展。     

印制电子用纳米油墨开发现状和课题

概述了Ag纳米油墨,Cu纳米油墨和合金纳米油墨等印制电子用油墨的开发现状和课题以及利用ITO纳米油墨的透明导电膜形成。     

纳米Ag-Cu粉在多晶硅太阳能电池银浆中的应用

采用稻米中淀粉作为稳定剂,氢氧化钠作为还原剂的方法制备了银铜纳米颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜在高倍数下观察Ag-Cu纳米颗粒表面形貌;通过透射电镜定性分析了银铜纳米颗粒的空间结构;通过X线光电子能谱分析得到粉末中元素成分及其相对含量;通过热重分析定量地确定了太阳能电池的烧结工艺;通过太阳能模拟器分别对正电极浆料中加入纳米Ag-Cu颗粒(质量分数为10%)前、后的多晶硅电池片进行光电性能测量。结果显示,在银浆中加入了质量分数为10%的纳米Ag-Cu后,电池片的各参数都有提高,其光电转化效率提高了5.65%。实验表明,利用Cu纳米颗粒取代部分Ag纳米颗粒,可提高电池的光电转化效率。     

Locally Welded Silver Nano‐Network Transparent Electrodes with High Operational Stability by a Simple Alcohol‐Based Chemical Approach

As an indispensable aspect of emerging flexible optoelectronics, flexible transparent electrodes, especially those comprised of metal nanowires, have attracted great attentions recently. Welding the nanowire junctions is an effective strategy for reducing the sheet resistance and improving the operational stability of flexible nanowire electrode in practical applications. Herein, a simple alcohol‐based solution approach is proposed to weld crossed silver nanowires by chemically growing silver “solder” at the junctions of the nanowires, forming transparent silver nano‐network electrodes with improved electrical conductivity and operational stability. Remarkably, silver nano‐networks can be rapidly formed by this simple approach under ambient condition and room temperature, requiring no assistance from heat, light, electrical current, or mechanical pressure. Furthermore, our results show that the nano‐network electrode formed from large diameter nanowires offers a better operational stability, whose trend is opposite to that of the untreated electrodes. To demonstrate the potential application of the highly stable silver nano‐network from large diameter nanowires, organic solar cells fabricated on the nano‐network electrode incorporated with silicon dioxide nanoparticles achieve comparable performance to the ITO control device. Consequently, strategy demonstrated in this work can contribute to low‐cost and highly stable transparent electrodes in emerging flexible optoelectronics.     

Magnetic Multi‐Functional Nano Composites for Environmental Applications

A novel concept is proposed to synthesize a new class of composites featuring magnetic, molecular sieve and metallic nanoparticle properties. These multi‐functional materials have potential applications as recyclable catalysts, disinfectants and sorbents. The magnetic property enables effective separation of the spent composites from complex multiphase systems for regeneration and recycle, safe disposal of the waste and/or recovery of loaded valuable species. The zeolite molecular sieve provides a matrix which supports a remarkably new, simple, efficient and economical method to make stable, supported silver nanoparticles by silver ion exchange and controlled thermal reduction. The silver nanoparticles generated in this way have excellent properties such as high reactivity and good thermal stability without aggregation, which act as nano reactors for desired functionality in a wide range of applications. Magnetic component (Fe₃O₄), molecular sieve matrix (zeolite) and silver nanoparticles generated by ion exchange followed by controlled reduction, together form this unique novel composite with designed functions. It represents a practically operational, economical, sustainable and environmentally friendly new advanced functional material. This paper focuses on the novel synthesis and characterization of the composite, with an example of applications as sorbents for the removal of vapor‐phase mercury from the flue gas of coal‐fired power plants.     

Antioxidant High-Conductivity Copper Pastes Based on Core–Shell Copper Nanoparticles for Flexible Printed Electronics

As a nontoxic and cost-effective material, copper pastes have attracted great attention in both academia and industry. However, achieving the long-term stability of copper pastes remains challenging due to their susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, stable copper nanoparticles with a Cu(0)–Cu(I) core–shell structure containing a surface passivation layer of formate ions-involved Cu(I) coordination polymers are developed. Based on the self-reducing nature of the passivation layer, the nanoparticle-based copper pastes can be sintered in <1 min, showing high electrical conductivity (220 000 S cm⁻¹), mechanical flexibility, and long-term stability after sintering. The excellent properties of the developed copper pastes are even comparable with the ones of silver pastes. These stable copper pastes have broad applications in printed electronics (e.g., glucose sensors, RFID tags, and electromagnetic shielding films), showing great potential in the fabrication of flexible printed electronics.     

Carboxylate-Passivated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application to Sintered Interconnection: A Replacement for High Temperature Lead-Rich Solders

Lead-free silver nanoparticle pastes have been tested as a replacement for high temperature lead-rich solders used in electronic manufacturing. The pastes contain a small amount of solvent, and primarily consist of submicron-silver powder and passivated silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized from Ag₂CO₃ and a long-chain alcohol by a method that produced a passivating layer consisting almost exclusively of the carboxylate of the reactant alcohol. The pastes were used to connect a silicon diode chip to copper bases without applied pressure when sintered at 350°C under nitrogen. Diode packages made with sintered silver interconnects had electrical and thermal properties equal to those with lead-soldered interconnects, even after 3000 thermal cycles between −55°C and +150°C. The mechanical strength was half that of lead-rich solder joints, but still strong enough for practical use.     

基于银纳米颗粒的HCPCFSERS传感系统优化设计

银纳米颗粒与光子晶体光纤、表面增强拉曼散射效应结合而成的PCF SERS传感器得到了科研界的广泛关注.而PCF结构、SERS基底的性能是传感器的重要影响因素.为了进一步提高SERS PCF传感器的性能,通过研究对比PCF和SERS基底结构参数对传感性能的影响,设计出适用于PCF SERS传感的空芯PCF以及SERS基底的结构参数.通过数值计算,设计的空芯PCF空气填充率为56.30%,当激发光波长785 nm时存在光子带隙,并能够实现单模传输.而半径为38 nm的银纳米球在间距为0.7 nm时能够产生最大的SERS增强因子.研究证明,设计的空芯PCF在785 nm输入波长下既能够基模传输激发光,又能够为SERS提供理想的活性面积,而且银纳米颗粒的形状、尺寸、间距对SERS性能影响严重,而且与入射波长有很强的依赖关系.     

环境友好型替代铜及其合金基体镀金的工艺研究

通过长期研究试验,研制出代替镀金用的铜及其合金表面的保护材料SP-2085C和LP-1087C电接触润滑保护剂,经过反复试验,大批量生产实践证明：SP-2085C和LP-1087C电接触润滑保护剂不仅能替代银、铜、镍等金属及其合金上的镀金层,而且保护后的银、铜、镍表面耐蚀能力优于替代前的镀金表面,且电气性能和微波传输性能没有影响。在滑动摩擦的接触表面上,还解决了金、银或铜滑动摩擦的接触表面上的磨损问题。     

Conductivity enhancement of nano silver-filled conductive adhesives by particle surface functionalization

Five different types of surfactants were employed for nanoparticle functionalization and the effects of the surfactants on electrical properties of nano silver (Ag)-filled conductive adhesives were investigated. The Ag nanoparticles pretreated with the surfactants were incorporated into isotropic conductive adhesives (ICA) formulations as conductive fillers. By using the surfactants (S3, S4, and S5), the reduced resistivity of the nano Ag-filled adhesives could be achieved with 2×10⁻⁴ Θ-cm. The morphology studies showed that the low resistivity resulted from the sintering of nanoparticles.