石墨烯在电子器件研究中的应用

石墨烯是近年来逐步发展起来的新型电子材料,具有导电性好、电子迁移率高、比表面积大、导热率高、弹性好等优点,石墨烯的开发和应用已成为纳米材料、生物、化学以及电子信息等多个领域的研究热点。围绕近年来石墨烯在电子器件中的应用研究,本文主要对其在生化传感器、高速器件、太阳能电池、储能器件、柔性器件5个热点方向中的部分研究成果进行综述。     

基于碳纳米管的电子器件

碳纳米管有着众多独特的性质 ,尤其是它的电学性质。近几年来 ,碳纳米管的研究已展示出了在纳米电子器件上的应用前景 ,即通过构建尺寸只有几十纳米甚至更小的基于碳纳米管的电子器件和连线 ,实现速度远快于而功耗远小于目前集成电路的碳纳米管集成电路。文中在讨论碳纳米管电学性质的基础上 ,主要介绍基于碳纳米管的结、场效应晶体管和单电子晶体管等最新研究和进展     

碳纳米管在典型微纳电子器件中的应用进展

优异的电学、热学、机械特性和化学稳定性以及独特的一维纳米结构,使碳纳米管(CNT)成为应用在微纳电子器件中的理想功能材料。与传统电子器件相比,CNT微纳电子器件性能更为优异。本文综述了近年来制备和改进基于CNT的场发射器、晶体管和传感器的研究进展。经过特定方法的组装和处理,可使CNT场发射器获得低阀值电压、高发射电流和发射电流稳定等优异性能,使CNT晶体管具有高迁移率、大跨导和大电流开闭比,可提高各种CNT传感器的灵敏度。     

基于PDMS-石墨烯泡沫的柔性压力传感器

为了解决柔性压力传感器在大的工作范围内工作时难以兼顾灵敏度的问题,设计了一种基于聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)锥形微结构且夹层为石墨烯泡沫的柔性压力传感器.介绍了该传感器的制备方法,对比了有无锥形微结构的PDMS基底对传感器灵敏度的影响,分别对它们进行了相关测试.结果表明,具有锥形微结构基底的传感器具有更高的灵敏度,基于锥...     

利用碳纳米管制成的柔性有机发光二极管

加拿大蒙特利尔大学开发出制作柔性有机发光二极管（OLED）的工艺方法,使制造出柔性显示屏成为可能,该技术还可用于生产发光服装。     

激光诱导碳纳米管制备石墨烯纳米带及其电学性能分析

通过将纳米管解压缩可以很容易地生产石墨烯纳米带,因为碳纳米管结构可以被认为是卷起的石墨烯筒。这是一种特殊的2D石墨结构,具有出色的性能。应用领域广泛,包括晶体管、光学和微波通信设备、生物传感器、化学传感器、电子存储和处理设备以及纳米机电系统和复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察薄膜的形貌,通过拉曼光谱法表征石墨烯的性质,并通过半导体参数测量系统测量薄膜的电导率。拉曼光谱表明,通过优化工艺可以增强石墨烯的拉曼特性。碳纳米管制备石墨烯带的两个重要参数是激光能量密度和辐照时间。在这项研究中,通过准分子激光辐照碳纳米管薄膜来生产石墨烯纳米带。实验结果表明,在150 mJ的激光能量下,观察到连接时碳纳米管没有打开。在450 mJ的能量下,可以有效地破坏碳纳米管,并且使其部分地形成石墨烯带。此时,膜的电导率达到最大值。由于蓄热作用,在碳纳米管壁上出现大量的多孔结构。     

有机显示器和电子器件的柔性基板和封装

尽管柔性显示技术面临性能的挑战,第一款商业化的产品仍计划在2006-2007年度投入市场.     

有机显示器和电子器件的柔性基板和封装

尽管柔性显示技术面临性能的挑战,第一款商业化的产品仍计划在2006-2007年度投入市场。     

有机显示器和电子器件的柔性基板和封装

尽管柔性显示技术面临性能的挑战，第一款商业化的产品仍计划在2006-2007年度投入市场。     

Synthesis of blue light-emitting graphene quantum dots and their application in flexible nonvolatile memory

We presented a facile method to prepare graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from double-walled carbon nanotube with blue light emission in a chlorobenzene solution, which enabled the preparation of GQD–polymer hybrid nanocomposite. The wavelength-dependent fluorescent lifetime of the GQDs was investigated by using time-resolved photoluminescence technique. Significantly, nonvolatile rewritable memory effect was observed for the GQD-based nanocomposite, suggesting the promising applications of GQDs in data storage. Moreover, due to the easy solution process, we demonstrated the design and realization of flexible GQD-based memory device. This work may expand the application of GQDs to the portable electronic devices.     

Indium-tin-oxide,free, flexible,nonvolatile memory devices based on graphene quantum dots sandwiched between polymethylsilsesquioxane layers

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) free, nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) sandwiched between polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSSQ) layers were fabricated directly on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by using a solution process technique. Current-voltage (I-V) curves for the silver nanowire/PMSSQ/GQD/PMSSQ/poly(3,4-ethylenethiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)/PET devices at 300 K showed a current bistability. The ON/OFF ratio of the current bistability for the NVM devices was as large as 1 × 10⁴, and the cycling endurance time of the ON/OFF switching for the NVM devices was above 1 × 10⁴ s. The Schottky emission, Poole-Frenkel emission, trapped-charge limited-current, and space-charge-limited current were dominantly attributed to the conduction mechanisms for the fabricated NVM devices based on the obtained I-V characteristics, and energy band diagrams illustrating the “writing” and the “erasing” processes of the devices.     

A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on the carbon nanotube doped graphene oxide/polypyrrole composites with superior electrochemical performances

Flexible electrodes of ternary composites, in which highly conductive carbon nanotube films (CNFs) are coated with carbon nanotube-doped graphene oxide/polypyrrole (CNT-GO/PPy), have been fabricated via facile electrochemical synthesis. Long and short CNTs are separately doped into the composites (lCNT-GO/PPy and sCNT-GO/PPy) and their electrochemical performances are compared. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the doping of CNTs in the composites significantly improves the electrochemical behaviors of the GO/PPy electrodes. Notably, the lCNT-GO/PPy electrodes show superior electrochemical properties with respect to the sCNT-GO/PPy electrodes, which is related to the introduction of abundant CNTs in the former electrodes and their special microstructures. Two symmetric electrodes with the lCNT-GO/PPy composites coated on CNFs are assembled to fabricate a solid-state supercapacitor device, which features lightweight, ultrathinness, and high flexibility. The device achieves a high areal and volumetric specific capacitance of 70.0 mF cm⁻² at 10 mV s⁻¹ and 6.3 F cm⁻³ at 0.043 A cm⁻³, respectively. It also shows superior rate performance and cycle stability, with a capacitance retention rate of 87.7% for 10,000 cycles. The supercapacitor device fabricated is promising for the use in lightweight and flexible integrated electronics.     

Impact of adhesive rheology on stress-distortion of bonded plastic substrates for flexible electronics applications

For fabrication of flexible electronics using standard microelectronics toolsets, a temporary bond-debond method has been developed that requires minimization of the distortion of bonded flexible substrate and bow of bonded system (flexible substrate-adhesive-carrier) during processing. To elucidate the critical parameters of the adhesive used in the bonding that control the stress (bow) and distortion, adhesives with different viscoelastic properties are examined systematically. By blending a high modulus adhesive into a low modulus adhesive, the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor of the adhesive can be tuned by orders of magnitude. Detailed examination of the impact of these three rheological parameters on the stress and distortion of bonded system reveals that the relative viscoelastic flow properties of the bonding adhesive to that of the bonded flexible substrate are directly correlated to bow and distortion. When the loss factor of the adhesive is less than that for the plastic substrate, precise registration of layers during photolithography is observed. These results provide insight into the rheological parameters critical to the adhesive formulations for the temporary bond-debond method in the fabrication of flexible electronics.     

汽车电子技术发展现状

本文主要阐述了电子技术在汽车中的应用,接着论述了国外汽车电子技术发展的三个阶段以及我国汽车电子技术的发展现状,然后指出开发汽车电子产品的关键技术。最后提出了作者的一点建议。     

Integration of a graphene ink as gate electrode for printed organic complementary thin-film transistors

We demonstrate a new electrode gate based on graphene ink for complementary printed organic metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on flexible plastic substrates. The goal is to replace the standard silver electrode gate. Devices made with graphene were enhanced and showed a high field-effect mobility of 3 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for P-type and 0.9 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for the N-type semiconductors. The improvement is attributed to the increase of the electrical capacitance of the organic dielectric (CYTOP) due to the graphene layer. A seven-stage ring oscillator was made with high oscillation frequencies of 2.1 kHz at 40 V corresponding to a delay/gate value of 34 μs. These performances are promising for use of low cost printed electronic applications.     

Mechanical and electrical properties of ultra-thin chips and flexible electronics assemblies during bending

Ultra-thin chips of less than 20 μm become flexible, allowing integration of silicon IC technology with highly flexible electronics such as food packaging sensor systems or healthcare and sport monitoring tags as wearable patches or even directly in clothing textile. The ultra-thin chips in these products will be bent to a very high curvature, which puts a large strain on the chips during use.In this paper a modified four-point bending method is presented, which is capable of measuring chip stress at high curvatures. The strength of several types of ultra-thin chips is evaluated, including standalone ultra-thin test chips and back-thinned 20 μm thick microcontrollers, as well as assemblies containing integrated ultra-thin microcontroller chips. The effect of chip thickness, bending direction and backside finish on strength and minimum bending radius is investigated using the modified four point bending method. The effect of bonding ultra-thin chips to flexible foils on the assembly strength and minimum bending radius is evaluated as well as the effect of bending on electrical properties of the bonded microcontroller dies.     

应用于印制电子的纳米银材料

最近印制电子技术发展日益完善,这项技术在传统印制电路板行业中也展现出巨大的应用前景。本文着重介绍了应用于印制电子的银纳米材料的发展现状,从与传统PCB导线制备工艺的比较中说明打印法制备银导线及材料的优势。文中还讨论了用于印制电子的纳米银材料的制备、墨水的配制、打印工艺、应用前景。     

All-solution-processed foldable transparent electrodes of Ag nanowire mesh and metal matrix films for flexible electronics

In this study, we developed foldable transparent electrodes composed of Ag nanowire (AgNW) networks welded by Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) reduced from commercial Ag ink. All the processes used were solution-based. Using the Meyer rod method, uniform AgNW networks were roll-to-roll coated on large-area polymer substrates, and the spin-coated AgNPs firmly welded the AgNWs together at junctions and to substrates. The hybrid films consisting of AgNWs and the Ag film matrix exhibited higher electrical conductivity (5.0–7.3 × 10⁵ S/m) than and equivalent transparency (90–95%) to the AgNW networks. Furthermore, the hybrid films showed significantly better bending stability than AgNW networks. During cyclic bending tests to 10,000 cycles at 5 mm bending radius and even when almost folded with r_b of 1 mm, the resistivity changes were negligible because AgNWs were tightly held and adhered to the substrate by Ag films covering wires, thereby hindering fracturing of AgNWs under tension. Because the films were fabricated at a low temperature, there was no oxidation on the surfaces of the films. Hence, flexible organic light-emitting diodes (f-OLEDs) were successfully fabricated on polyethylene terephthalates (PET) coated with the hybrid films. The f-OLED in the bent state was comparable to that in the flat state, validating the potential applications of these transparent hybrid films as electrodes in various flexible electronics.     

Fabrication of flexible conductive graphene/Ag/Al-doped zinc oxide multilayer films for application in flexible organic light-emitting diodes

Graphene/Ag/Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) multilayer films were fabricated by using chemical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering methods. The electrical and optical properties of the transparent conductive graphene/Ag/AZO films were investigated. The graphene/Ag/AZO film can maintain high conductivity and transmittance without obvious degradation during bending test. A green flexible organic light emitting diode with a structure of graphene/Ag/AZO/N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(1-napthyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4-diamine/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III)/lithium fluoride/Al exhibited a stable green emission and light-emitting efficiency during the cycle bending test. The multilayer films hold promise for application in flexible optoelectronic devices.