Stainless and acid-resisting steels and alloys

Conclusions Highly alloyed steels and alloys are produced in conformity with GOST or technical specifications in thick and thin sheets, beams and channels, bars, hot-rolled and cold-rolled pipe, and rod. Castings are produced in the specialized plant of the Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building.The technology of welding stainless steels and alloys is given in [15] and [16].TsNIIChERMET. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 43–50, October, 1967.     

Nanochemistry and supramolecular chemistry of actinides and lanthanides: Problems and prospects

The possibility of using unique properties of lanthanides in the nanotechnology is demonstrated. The origination of linear and nonlinear optical properties of lanthanide compounds with phthalocyanines, porphyrins, naphthalocyanines, and their analogs in solutions and condensed state and the prospects of obtaining novel materials on their basis are discussed. Based on the electronic structure and properties of lanthanides and their compounds, namely, optical and magnetic characteristics, electronic and ionic conductivity, and fluctuating valence, molecular engines are classified. High-speed storage engines or memory storage engines; photoconversion molecular engines based on Ln(II) and Ln(III); electrochemical molecular engines involving silicate and phosphate glasses; molecular engines whose operation is based on insulatorsemiconductor, semiconductor-metal, and metal-superconductor types of conductivity phase transitions; solid electrolyte molecular engines; and miniaturized molecular engines for medical analysis are distinguished. It is shown that thermodynamically stable nanoparticles of Ln _x M _y composition can be formed by d elements of the second halves of the series, i.e., those arranged after M = Mn, Tc, and Re. Prospects of using lanthanide superconductors in nanotechnology are considered.     

中小型镍制设备与管道的焊接缺陷及对策研究

结合近年来现场试验与施工实践，分析研究了中小型镍材（工业纯镍）设备与管道的特点、性能、焊接缺陷与产生原因，以及防止与消除其缺陷、优化制造施焊质量的工艺措施，并总结了若干条注意事项。     

金刚石、CBN有序排列及择优取向工具的研发及应用

有序排列／择优取向超硬材料工具的技术创新,将广泛适用于电镀、树脂、陶瓷、金属结合剂制品工具中,使用超硬材料颗粒在结合剂中均匀排列并择优定向,以最大潜能的发挥超硬材料各个方面固有的特性。并针对不同的加工对象,有选择性的使用超硬材料各自不同的特性,从而使超硬材料工具将以经济、高质与高效的优势替代传统的超硬材料工具并将进入新兴的加工领域,为生产企业带来新的发展机遇。本文将对有序排列与择优取向技术的研究现状及其在不同的金刚石工具中的应用做一阐述。     

p73基因与精子的发生及成熟

p73作为p53家族的一员,其结构与功能与p53具有极其相似之处,在抑制肿瘤的发生发展方面已广为熟知。近来研究发现,p73基因调控精子的发生及成熟,影响雄性生殖能力,因此其在男性生殖领域的独特作用备受关注。p73基因有两种具有不同功能的亚型（TAp73 和ΔNp73）,不仅影响生殖细胞与Sertoli细胞间的粘附与迁移,而且影响精子的凋亡。本文将对p73基因的结构及在生殖细胞发生、成熟中的生物学功能进行简要阐述,以期对男性生殖系统疾病的诊断与治疗提供新思路。     

关于铑铱的富集和分离

铑铱的富集及彼此分离是多年来引人注目的课题,本文介绍近10年来铑铱分离方法及其机理研究结果,并讨论铑铱分离的理论基础和规律性。     

Hardness and elastic modulus of amorphous and nanocrystalline SiC and Si films

Hydrogen-free amorphous and nanocrystalline films were prepared by magnetron sputtering of the SiC or Si targets. Mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus, intrinsic stress) and film structures were investigated in dependence on the substrate bias and temperature. It was found that both hardness and elastic modulus of all amorphous a-SiC films prepared at different substrate temperatures and biases are always lower than those for bulk α-SiC single crystal while the hardness of partially crystalline SiC films is higher and the elastic modulus lower than those for α-SiC one. In contrast, both hardness and elastic modulus of all amorphous Si films are always lower than those for nanocrystalline Si films which show approximately the same value as the Si single crystal.     

国内外钽及钽合金的研究现状与展望

钽及钽合金因具有优异的化学稳定性、高温力学性能、耐腐蚀性能以及加工成形能力,目前已被应用于航空航天、冶金化工以及核工业等诸多高新技术领域。针对钽及其合金巨大的应用潜力,国内外学者对其进行了深入广泛的研究,取得了丰富的研究成果。本文系统总结了钽合金材料体系类型及其应用领域,并从现有合金制备技术及其优缺点、主要合金体系的力学性能及其影响因素、高温防护涂层的体系及其制备方法等方面进行了系统介绍。最后,针对目前钽及其合金研究中存在的短板,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

软起动器及其应用设计和调试

软起动是电机起动一种新概念，跟传统的直接起动、星三角起动，自耦降压起动相比，有很大的优点。本文在介绍软起动的基础上，分析了软起动器在应用没计、现场调试及使用中应注意的问题。     

铱及其合金的加工及应用

高熔点、良好的耐腐蚀性和高温抗氧化性使得铱及其合金在高温领域有着不可替代的作用.但铱又是最难加工成型的金属之一,其应用存在很多限制.论文综述了铱及其合金的多种成型加工工艺,包括精炼、熔化、粉末冶金、变形加工和沉积,重点介绍了铱涂层的沉积方法,包括熔盐电沉积、CVD和PVD,并分析了各种方法的优缺点.最后对铱及其合金的应用进行了简要介绍.     

Visualization and Animation in Manufacturing and Materials

Scientific visualization is the application of modern techniques in computer graphics to make the results of science and engineering studies more effective. Visualization allows the researcher to take in a large quantity of data at a single glance, developing an understanding of the data and the relationship between factors that would be difficult to obtain with a more conventional presentation. The addition of animation provides even greater power, enabling one to better understand the changes that occur over time.     

TiN、AIN薄膜的摩擦磨损和抗高温氧化性能及机制

采用电弧离子镀工艺在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面沉积TiN、AlN薄膜，通过扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验和高温氧化试验等方法研究了薄膜的微观结构、化学成分与其摩擦性能和抗高温氧化性能之间的关系，同时探讨了薄膜的摩擦磨损机制和高温氧化机制。     

Plasma alloying and spheroidization process and development

Elemental and blended refractory metal powders were processed using a plasma alloying and spheroidization (PAS) process. The powders were characterized to determine changes in chemistry and morphology after processing. Five refractory metal powders were evaluated during this investigation: (1) crystalline W, (2) spray dried Mo, (3) W-25 wt.% Re composite powder, (4) W-2 wt.% Re composite powder, and (5) Mo-40 wt.% Re composite powder. Benefits of the PAS process, such as a two-order of magnitude reduction in oxygen contamination, production of highly spherical powders for enhanced flow characteristics, and the ability to produce prealloyed powders were demonstrated. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appears on pp. 441–47 of the Proceedings.     

Polishing and buffing: Theory and practice

There are many other aspects of buffing and polishing than these briefly discussed here. Though this very important contributor to the metal-finishing industry is still a great deal more an art than a science, basic engineering principles can be applied. With the proper melding of buff and compound, applied in a controlled fashion, optimum finish and maximum economy can be achieved.     

非调质钢弯臂、直臂的开发应用

介绍了非调质钢（30MnVS和35MnVN）与调质钢（40Cr）的材料力学性能试验结果。并依据3种材料的对比试验结果,内在质量检测结果选定30MnVS钢或35MnVN钢为汽车弯、直臂用材,以替代40Cr钢制造弯、直壁,并对使用效果进行了综合性分析。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的精氨酸表面修饰与铕掺杂及其细胞活性

采用水热合成法制备经精氨酸表面修饰和铕掺杂的羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒（HAP-Eu）。利用透射电镜（TEM）、Zeta电位分析仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射（XRD）对HAP-Eu的成分、形貌、结构、晶粒粒径和Zeta电位进行表征,并通过成像流式细胞仪研究细胞活性。结果表明：制备的HAP-Eu粒径较均匀,约为100nm,特征峰明显;在pH=7.5时,颗粒的表面净电荷均值约为30.10mV;在人上皮细胞和内皮细胞中无毒性。     

齿轮类零部件的选材及热加工分析

分析了齿轮类零部件材料的正确选择及热加工处理工艺（热处理工艺、焊接工艺）.采用电子束焊接这类零部件,合理匹配齿轮的选材和热处理工艺,可有效防止在制造和运行时产生的失效,从而保证了零部件的制造质量和安全运行,提高了生产效率.     

On the practice and theory of measurements and research using STM and ESTM

Methods of scanning tunneling microscopy and its electrochemical variant can be effectively used for research on the nanoproperties of different materials when the experimenter knows clearly the possibilities of the equipment used. In some cases, the information available in the scientific literature does not entirely clearly and properly reflect the nature of the object, thereby confusing researchers. Devices for scanning probe microscopy, particularly scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy, developed and manufactured by domestic instrument-making firms have a set of useful properties allowing one to perform various studies, including development of effective methods of modifying effects on different surfaces in order to obtain desired nanomaterials.     

从炉灰、酸泥中回收并提取高纯铂、钯的工艺实验

通过对3批试料的生产实验,介绍了从炉灰、酸泥中回收和提取高纯铂、钯的工艺流程.实验过程中,经酸浸、置换、离子交换分离大部分杂质元素,再调整铂、钯化合价态,用氯化铵沉淀铂从而达到铂、钯的有效分离.实践证明,该工艺流程简单,实用性强,分离效果好,回收率高,产品质量稳定.     

Chemical structure and mechanical properties of Si-containing a-C:H and a-C thin films and their Cr- and W-containing derivatives

Si-containing a-C:H and a-C thin films with nitrogen, oxygen and transition metal (Cr and W) additives were deposited on polished single crystalline silicon substrates at room temperature by plasma activated CVD, magnetron-sputtering PVD and also by combined PACVD-PVD techniques.In particular Si-, Si-O- and Si-N-containing a-C:H films (denoted as a-C-Si, a-C-Si-O and a-C-Si-N) were deposited respectively from tetramethylsilane (TMS), hexamethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisilazane vapourised precursors in He carrier gas by electron cyclotron wave resonance RF plasma. Cr-containing a-C:H films, further denoted as a-C-Si-Cr, were deposited with combined PVD-PACVD by sputtering chromium and carbon targets in argon and introducing TMS vapour. Wcontaining a-C films (denoted as a-C-Si-W) were deposited by PVD with simultaneous sputtering of the constituents in Ar. Detailed characterisation of the composition and chemical state of the elements present in the films were done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy. Mechanical properties, hardness (H), reduced modulus (E) and scratch behaviour were studied by depth-sensing nanoindentation and scratch tests.In the a-C:H films, the C/Si ratio varied between 1.5 and 3.5 showing a significant deficiency of C as compared to the composition of the precursors. The Cr and W content in the a-C-Si-Cr and a-C-Si-W films varied in a very broad 2-50 at.% range.The chemical state of carbon was primarily of sp² and partly of sp³ type C-C with XPS chemical shifts for C 1s at 284.3 eV and 285.0 eV, respectively. The Si in the films is bonded predominantly to carbon (Si 2p at 100.8 eV BE) or to nitrogen in N-containing films (Si 2p at 101.3 eV BE). In the a-C-Si-Cr films Cr-C bonding states were determined (Cr 2p_3/2 at 574.5 eV and C 1s at 282.8 eV). Si formed predominantly Si-C and also Si-Cr bonds. In the a-C-Si-W, films C-Si and C-W (W 4f_7/2 at 32.3 eV) chemical bonds could be identified.It was discovered that the modified Auger parameter for silicon, α_Si (derived from the Si 2p electron and Si KLL Auger line energy), sensitively reflects the entire chemical structure of these films, including crosslinking and densification. These spectroscopic data, supported further by the increase of the bulk plasmon loss energy of the C 1s peak, were directly connected with the mechanical properties of these films. The amorphous nature of the films was deduced from the chemical state analysis and was verified also by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) studies.Hardness and elastic modulus of the a-C-Si-(O,N) films could be adjusted in a wide range of approx. 5-15 GPa and 40-140 GPa, respectively. Systematic alteration of these values with the composition (C/Si, O/Si and N/Si atomic ratio) and with the chemical structure (α_Si?) was established and their interrelations are discussed. Whilst incorporation of Cr does not alter the mechanical properties, the addition of W increases H and E up to 19 GPa and 210 GPa, respectively.