葫芦岛锌厂周围土壤镉污染现状研究

本文对葫芦岛锌厂周围土壤中重金属镉含量进行了分析检测,并用三种评价标准(当地土壤背景值、土壤污染起始值和土壤环境质量标准)分别对土壤镉的污染程度进行了评价,结果表明:锌厂周围土壤受镉污染严重。三种评价方法均表明锌厂南部和西部5km、北部10km范围内的表层土壤(0～20cm)达到了重度污染、北部15km处为中度-重度污染、北部20km处受到轻度污染。锌厂南部土壤镉的含量最高,其次是北部的土壤,含镉量分别超过土壤环境质量标准的19.23～109.23倍和4.13～11.63倍;而西部土壤镉含量相对较低。下层土壤(20～40cm)也受到了不同程度的污染,大部分剖面点达到了中度到重度的污染。在所研究范围内土壤上下层含镉量比值为1.3～17.9。     

安徽省主要土壤重金属污染评价及其评价方法研究

综合考虑土壤重金属污染程度的渐变性和模糊性以及各重金属不同的生物毒性水平,对常规加权平均模糊数学模型中的权重算法进行了重新修正,引入Hakanson制定的标准重金属毒性响应系数,提出一种分值权重模糊数学综合评价模型.以安徽省三种主要土壤为研究对象进行了评价尝试,并对两种评价方法的异同进行了相应分析.     

针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型的改进及应用

土壤重金属污染评价是土壤重金属污染研究的重要课题。本文改进了针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型和评价因子权重的计算方法,提出了基于污染物浓度和毒性的双权重因子的模糊综合评价法。该法慎重考虑了各级标准界限的模糊性,较好继承了模糊数学方法用于土壤重金属评价的优点。它从定性和定量两方面,比较客观地反映污染因子对土壤环境质量的影响。采用双权重系数法确定各指标的权重,综合考虑评价因子的浓度和毒性,不但在大多数情形下与对比的其它方法结果相一致,而且可以克服其它几种方法出现的误判,提高了评价结果的分辨性,使评价结果更全面、更能真实地反映土壤重金属污染实际状况。     

葫芦岛市连山区、龙港区土壤重金属汞、铬及镍的空间分布及污染评价

本文利用地理信息系统及地统计学,对葫芦岛地区土壤中Hg、Cr、N i的污染状况进行了分析。结果表明:土壤Hg、Cr、N i的理论模型均为球状模型。N i的C0/(C0 C)为56.6%,说明N i体现为中等的空间相关性,Hg、Cr的C0/(C0 C)均为5.8%,说明这2种重金属体现为强烈的空间相关性。在已有监测数据的基础上,通过克里格插值,对Hg、Cr、N i污染进行单因子评价,制作了该地区土壤Hg、Cr、N i污染的预测表面,得到研究区土壤的分布图。研究表明,龙港区的土壤汞已达到了重度污染的水平,不再适合于农业生产。     

葫芦岛市连山区、龙港区土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价

本文利用地理信息系统及地统计学,对葫芦岛市连山区和龙港区土壤中重金属的污染状况进行了空间变异性分析,对Cd、Cu、Zn污染进行单因子评价。结果表明:土壤Cd、Cu、Zn的理论模型均为球状模型。Cu的C0/(C0 C)为26%,说明Cu体现为中等的空间相关性,Cd、Zn的C0/(C0 C)分别为0.3%、3.2%,说明这2种重金属体现为强烈的空间相关性。在已有监测数据的基础上,制作了该地区土壤Cd、Cu、Zn污染的预测表面,得到研究区土壤重金属的分布图及污染分布图。研究表明,龙港区和杨杖子矿区的土壤已达到了重度污染的水平,不再适合于农业生产。     

上海市延安高架道路沿线绿地土壤中重金属的分布与评价

以上海市延安高架道路沿线绿地为研究对象,按照建设时间的差异将其分成3个路段,并对其表层土壤进行分段采样,用原子吸收光谱法分析土壤中的重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、N i,然后再采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法对各种重金属元素和各路段的污染情况进行评价,研究结果表明:该区域土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、N i平均值分别为93.61mg kg-1、0.70mg kg-1、80.78 mg kg-1、452.20 mg kg-1和31.09 mg kg-1,除N i以外,其余重金属均超过上海市土壤背景值,分别为上海市土壤背景值的3.68倍、5.30倍、2.83倍和5.25倍。单项污染指数评价结果表明:重金属Pb、Cd、Zn已经形成重污染,Cu处于中等污染程度,N i尚未形成污染。综合污染指数评价结果表明:整条延安高架道路以及三个分段路段均已形成重污染。     

土地污染的一个评价指标:土壤动物

土地质量评价指标体系成为当前的研究热点,而土地污染是影响土地质量的重要因素。为了对土地质量全面客观地进行评价,提出了土壤动物指标可以作为土地污染的一个间接指标。文章认为土壤动物与土地污染之间存在着密切的关系,并表现在土壤动物各个生物组织层次中:在土壤动物体内累积污染物,在个体层次上表现为毒理学影响,在种群和群落层次上表现为生态学影响。通过对比被污染土地中土壤动物各项指数与未污染土地中土壤动物各项指数,综合得出土壤动物指标,并以此指标作为土地污染的替代指标。     

郑州市郊区土壤重金属污染评价分析

为揭示城市化过程对土壤环境质量的影响,本研究以郑州市郊区为例,对其表层土壤重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、As含量进行了测定分析,按照单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境背景值标准进行了评价,并应用克里格插值方法对研究区内表层土壤污染的空间变异特征进行了分析.结果表明,研究区表层土壤中各种重金属均有超过背景值现象;其中Cr含量远远高于背景值,重度污染,为主要污染因子,Ph为轻污染,其它重金属处于警戒线等级;污染综合指数均超过1,处于轻污染以上等级;各重金属单因子污染指数和综合污染指数在郑州市郊区的分布特点各不相同.     

关中平原黑惠灌区土壤重金属污染调查与评价

通过对黑惠灌区猕猴桃生产基地土壤样品的采集、监测,依据国家《土壤环境质量标准》GB15618-1995二级标准作为评价标准,重点分析评价了对人体危害较大的重金属元素镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)等项目。分析评价结果表明:黑惠灌区猕猴桃生产基地土壤基本无重金属污染,适宜于猕猴桃的种植。HS07 a、b,HS08 a、b两处土壤样品镉(Cd)超标属轻度污染,主要是人为长期不合理使用化肥农药所致。     

广东出口蔬菜生产基地土壤中污染物质的分析及评价

通过对广东85个出口菜田土壤中7种污染物质测定分析及评价结果表明,土壤中各种污染物质的含量均在所采用的有关标准限量内。综合污染指数都小于0.7,达一级标准,属安全、清洁,符合无公害蔬菜土壤环境要求。     

Measurement of specific movement power application: evaluation of weight lifters

A new dynamometer was developed for the measurement of specific movement power (SMP) exerted by mono- or multi-articular movements. To determine the reproducibility of SMP, two identical test protocols were carried out on separate days for six movement types on seven adult males. The movement types were arm pull (AP), leg rise (LR), knee extension (KE), elbow flexion (EF), hip extension (HE) and squat movement (SQ). Variations in peak power obtained in two tests ranged from 0.7% (AP) to 9.6% (SQ). Coefficients of the test- re-test correlation in peak power ranged from 0.805 (SQ) to 0.961 (AP) and standard errors ranged from 4 W (EF) to 14 W (SQ). SMP in upper extremities increased from 166 W (EF) to 307 W (AP) resulting from the increase in velocity. However, in the movements of lower extremities, SMP increased from 506 W (KE) to 1351 W (SQ) as a result of the increase in force. To evaluate the validity of the SMP, a pull movement in weightlifting was tested and related to the athletic performance on weightlifters. Positive linear correlation (r = 0.862, p < 0.001) was observed between SMP and the total weight best records. It is concluded that this newly developed dynamometer has enough reproducibility and validity for evaluating the SMP, which is developed by various joint movement patterns related to the sport. The feasibility of applying this measuring protocol to the testing and training programmes for improving the daily living activities and athletic performances should now be assessed.     

Validity of self-reported duration of work postures obtained by interview

The aim of the study was to validate interview data concerning the duration of four work postures (1) sitting, (2) standing/walking with hands above shoulder level, (3) standing/walking with hands between shoulder and knuckle level, and (4) standing/walking with hands below knuckle level. The self-reported time spent in each posture was tested in relation to observations and technical measurements in 20 subjects during two full working days. The linear relationships between self-reports and observations were strong for the three postures; sitting (r²=0.55), hands above shoulder level (r²=0.58) and hands below knuckle level (r²=0.69). Thus, using this interview technique, self-reports concerning time spent in (1) sitting, (2) standing/walking with hands above shoulder level and, (3) standing/walking with hands below knuckle level may be accurate enough for studying these work postures in epidemiological studies.     

Diurnal variations of cloud activity in Bangladesh and north of the Bay of Bengal in 2000

The Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS-5) high resolution (10 km mesh) hourly data are sampled in 1°×1° grid boxes in the domain of 600×600 km over Bangladesh (land) and the north part of the Bay of Bengal (ocean) to obtain diurnal cycle of cloud activity. The cloud embedded area (CEA) shows afternoon (∼1700 LST) and morning (∼0003 LST) peaks over land typically composed of relatively small deep (<214 K) and large shallow (<243 K) convective cloud systems. In contrast, only afternoon (1400-1600 LST) peak is observed over ocean typically composed of small shallow and large deep convective cloud systems. Meanwhile the frequency of the cloud systems exhibits the clear afternoon (∼1600 LST) peak over the land and the ocean that indicates that afternoon is the initiation times of land-based clusters over Bangladesh and water-based clusters in the analyzed ocean (87.44-93.33°E; 15.7-21.08°N).Radar data from Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for consecutive 135 days from 16 April 2000 over Bangladesh are utilized to obtain the diurnal variations and characteristics of precipitation in relation to cloud activity. The nature of the diurnal cycle of precipitation in Bangladesh is that there is a morning peak at 0600 LST with minimum at noon. The frequency of the echoes exhibits two peaks—one in the afternoon (∼1500 LST) and the other in the morning (0600 LST) hours. The smaller echoes dominate in the afternoon while larger echoes develop in the early morning. The shape, lifetime, horizontal length and movement of the precipitation features in Bangladesh are also investigated using radar data.     

煤矿电网电压互感器故障的PSCAD仿真研究

在煤矿电网中,由于单相接地故障而引起的母线电压互感器(PT)烧毁的现象时有发生。文章依据电网单相接地故障时的等效模型仿真了PT一次侧电流的暂态特性,认为引发PT故障的主要原因为煤矿电网单相接地时电容电流值较大。利用电力系统仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC对一组6 kV PT进行仿真,并比较了PT一次侧经非线性电阻(消谐器)接地、PT开口三角处并电阻和系统中性点经消弧线圈接地的3种解决措施。文章最后指出中性点经消弧线圈接地是解决煤矿电网中单相接地故障的最合适方法。     

修正Cp_EA-PLS用于多环芳烃光解半衰期QSAR的研究

文章讨论了多环芳烃光解半衰期的QSAR模型.运用量子化学软件包以B3LYP/6-311+C(d)方法计算13种PAHs的量子化学描述符,用修正CP统计量作目标函数并用进化算法(EA)选择变量,然后应用偏最小二乘(PLS)方法给13种PAHs的光降解活性进行建模,模型的相关系数为0.9719,比直接用PLS方法所得到的模型更优越.结果表明模型预测PAHs的光解半衰期有效.     

Behavior of the Laplacian of Gaussian Extrema

This paper analyses the behavior in scale space of linear junction models (L, Y and X models), nonlinear junction models, and linear junction multi-models. The variation of the grey level is considered to be constant, linear or nonlinear in the case of linear models and constant for the other models. We are mainly interested in the extrema points provided by the Laplacian of the Gaussian function. Moreover, we show that for infinite models the Laplacian of the Gaussian at the corner point is not always equal to zero.Salvatore Tabbone received his Ph.D. in computer science from the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (France) in 1994. He is currently an assistant professor at the University of Nancy2 (France) and a member of the QGAR research project on graphics recognition at the LORIA-INRIA research center. His research interests include computer vision, pattern recognition, content-based image retrieval, and document analysis and recognition.Laurent Alonso was a student of ENS Ulm from 1987 to 1991, he received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Paris XI, Orsay, France in 1992. From 1991 to 1995 he served as lecturer in the University of Nancy I (France). Actually, he is full researcher in INRIA (France). His research interests include realistic rendering, geometric algorithms and combinatorics.Djemel Ziou received the BEng Degree in Computer Science from the University of Annaba (Algeria) in 1984, and Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), France in 1991. From 1987 to 1993 he served as lecturer in several universities in France. During the same period, he was a researcher in the Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Nancy (CRIN) and the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA) in France. Presently, he is full Professor at the department of computer science at the University of Sherbrooke in Canada. He has served on numerous conference committees as member or chair. He heads the laboratory MOIVRE and the consortium CoRIMedia which he founded. His research interests include image processing, information retrieval, computer vision and pattern recognition.     

米力农互变异构的理论计算

采用B3LYP/6-311G(d,P)法,分析米力农分子的酮式与烯醇式构型的构象.再采用相同方法,在气相和水相中计算并考察烯醇式与酬式结构互变时,质子迁移的两种可能途径:(a)分子内质子迁移,(b)水助质子迁移.结果表明,后者所需的活化能较小,氢键在降低反应活化能方面起重要作用,PCM溶剂化对分子几何结构参数和反应活化能的影响较小.     

量子化学计算苄嘧磺隆的晶体结构

制备苄嘧磺隆的单晶并用X射线衍射测定晶体结构。苄嘧磺隆晶体属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。晶胞参数为:a=33.831(7),b=6.902 0(14),c=16.021(3),α=90.00(3)。,β=104.48(3)。,γ=90.00(3)°,V=3 622.1(13)~3。晶体分子内通过N-H…N氢键和C-H…0氢键形成2个六元环,使分子结构较稳定。苯环平面和嘧啶环平面之间的夹角为50.00(15)°。晶体以1中心对称二聚体为基本重复单元。2个分子间以N-H…O氢键和C-H…O氢键连接。晶体由这些二聚体以范德华作用力堆积而成。使用Gaussian 03程序,用B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)法计算分子的优化结构、电荷分布、稳定性、前沿轨道布居分析和3D示意图。算得分子的键长键角数据和X射线衍射的晶体结构数据基本相符。键长和键角的计算值与X射线衍射数据之差证实晶体中分子间的氢键。     

The analysis of architectural languages for the needs of practitioners

Architectural languages (ALs) have attracted much attention as the modeling notations for specifying and reasoning about important design decisions. In this study, 124 different existing ALs have been analyzed for a set of requirements that are crucial for practitioners. These requirements are concerned with language definition, language features, and tool support. Some of the important findings obtained from the analysis are as follows: (1) performance is the top popular nonfunctional requirement supported by ALs; (2) no ALs offer both textual and visual notation sets, one of which could be used independently; (3) process algebras are the top preferred formal method by formal ALs; (4) the physical, deployment, and operational viewpoints are rarely supported by ALs; (5) the top preferred extension mechanism of the extensible ALs is XML for syntax extension; (6) Java is the top preferred programming language in generating software code; (7) the exhaustive model checking is the top preferred automated analysis method; (8) the logic‐based formal techniques are so popular in specifying system requirements; (9) among the analysis properties considered, consistency is the top supported property for the automated checking; and (10) most ALs do not provide any discussion platform (eg, forums). Hence, these findings can be used by the new AL developers in addressing the needs of practitioners and bridging the gaps in the field. Practitioners can also use the findings to find out about the existing ALs and compare them to choose the one(s) that suits their needs best.