木霉菌Tr01菌株分生孢子萌发影响因子研究

研究了不同的温度、湿度、光照、pH值、碳源、氮源、微量元素等条件对木霉菌Tr01菌株孢子萌发影响作用。结果表明:25￣30℃及高湿环境是木霉菌Tr01菌株分生孢子萌发的适宜温湿度条件,光照对孢子萌发无影响;分生孢子在pH值6￣5的弱酸环境下萌发最好;碳源中,麦芽糖能极大地促进孢子萌发,蔗糖、葡萄糖对孢子萌发具有一定的促进作用;有机氮源的蛋白胨对孢子萌发具有极大促进作用,无机氮源中NH4Cl、NH4NO3也能较好地促进孢子萌发,KNO3、NaNO3等则对萌发无促进作用;微量元素中一定浓度的MnSO4.4H2O、ZnSO4.7H2O能够明显地促进孢子萌发。     

电子自旋的时间量子控制

提出一种时间量子控制方案,通过控制所加外部控制场的作用时间能有效地控制电子自旋到达给定的目标量子态,同时发现电子自旋状态能随控制场作用时间呈周期性变化．讨论了外部控制场与其作用时间的关系,结果表明：对于给定的量子控制任务。在选定的某个周期内,作用时间与控制场强度成反比．     

不同光照条件下番茄花粉活力的品系间差异

对4个耐弱光性不同的番茄自交系进行开花期遮光处理，研究花粉活力变化。试验结果表明在光照强度为正常光照15％的条件下，不同自交系番茄花粉萌发和染色结果有显著差异，花粉萌发率和深色花粉率较高的自交系耐弱光较强，反之较弱。因此，花粉萌发率和染色深浅度可作为番茄自交系耐弱光鉴定的一项重要指标。     

磁处理对棕壤固氮菌数量的影响

棕壤经磁场处理后,采用稀释平板法测定土壤中的固氮菌数量,结果表明,100、300mT场强对其有一定的激发效应,处理后第3d,磁化处理5min的土壤中固氮菌数量均达最大,其中300mT场强处理的土壤中固氮菌数量较对照增长最大,为276%,100mT、500mT场强处理固氮菌数量分别较对照增长了252%和57.8%。而高场强、长时间处理则表现出一定的抑制作用,500mT场强10min处理在处理后第1d固氮菌数量比对照减少了48%。上述变化随着场强和时间的改变表现出一定的规律性。     

钙离子对两种基因型冬小麦萌发过程中盐胁迫效应的影响

以两种不同基因型冬小麦种子为试验材料,研究了外源Ca(NO3)2和CaC l2对小麦萌发过程中盐害的缓解作用。结果表明,150mmol L-1NaC l胁迫明显抑制小麦种子的萌发。盐胁迫主要影响小麦根和芽的伸长,对根数的影响较小。种子萌发过程中,小偃6号的耐盐性优于陕229。外源钙对两种小麦盐胁迫效应的缓解作用不同。6mmol L-1钙离子可明显减轻陕229的盐害作用,对小偃6号作用不大。盐胁迫对种子萌发过程中的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性具有明显的抑制作用。盐胁迫下,小偃6号种子的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性明显高于陕229。钙离子对盐胁迫下小麦萌发过程胚乳内蛋白酶的活性影响较大,对淀粉酶活性影响较小。     

利用胚挽救技术获得三倍体葡萄植株研究

对7个葡萄二倍体与四倍体杂交组合的胚珠进行离体培养研究。结果表明，多数组合在花后55d接种效果较好，胚珠萌发率较高。少数早熟品种为母本时，最佳接种时期以花后45d较好。组合不同胚珠萌发率有一定差异，其中以二倍体为母本的组合平均萌发率为22．54％，四倍体为母本的组合平均萌发率为19．64％，二倍体为母本的组合胚珠萌发率明显高于以四倍体为母本的组合。     

番茄灰霉病生物防治菌株的筛选

从土壤中筛选出对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cineren Pers．)有较强拮抗作用的生物防治菌株94株，其中拮抗细菌22株，分离率为17.6％；拮抗放线菌53株，分离率为11．7％；拮抗木霉菌19株，分离率为28.8％。研究发现，拮抗细菌可产生抗生素类物质，且在121℃高温下处理30min不失活，放线菌的抗生物质大多不耐热。拮抗木霉菌具较强的营养竞争及重寄生作用．温室接种试验表明对番茄叶部灰霉病的防治效果达67．18％。     

棕壤微生物和几种酶活性的磁致效应研究

试验通过室内模拟方法,研究了不同磁场强度处理棕壤后对土壤微生物数量和几种酶活性的影响。结果表明磁场对微生物数量有影响,但因磁场强度和微生物种类的不同而异。100、500mT场强对细菌表现为抑制作用,但对放线菌、真菌表现为激活作用;300mT场强对各类群土壤微生物均表现为正效应。经磁场处理后的棕壤,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和三种磷酸酶活性均有不同程度的提高;随着培养时间的延长,磁致效应也发生动态变化。在磁场处理后的1～7d,其细菌、放线菌、真菌的磁致效应均显著,并出现最大值,而后随培养时间的延长逐渐变小,直至培养结束,磁场对其已无显著影响。而土壤中几种酶的磁致效应持续时间较长。     

计算机三维电磁辐射场可视化系统

计算机三维电磁辐射场可视化系统由三维电磁辐射场造型、场强空间向颜色空间的映射、视觉模型的建立、图象合成计算、图象增强处理、等位面提取、磁力线模型求取、辐射源模型立体图生成、场整体分布图象生成、场在任意截面上分布图象生成以及场在特征球面上最大场强的动态采样与在特征球面上分布状况的动态显示、频率－场强特性曲线的生成等模块组成。本文就其系统结构各模块功能及特点作了介绍。     

一种基于时间翟的面向对象数据库的并发控制算法

本文提出了一种基于时间戳的面向对象数据库的并发控制算法。设计这一算法时，我们首先按照ＯＯＤＢ的数据模型对传统的时间翟算法进行了扩展，然后利用抽象数据类型的语义定义了相容性矩阵，对不同级别的并行性冲突操作进行 不的处理，从而达到在系统开销尽可能小的情况下，心可大地增数据库存取操作的并发度的效果。     

Using computer and video technologies to develop interpersonal skills

Two studies investigated ways in which computer and video technology can support expert human coaches in order to reduce instructor time and potentially increase access to powerful learning environments. The content goal was to train undergraduate students to facilitate others' interpersonal problem solving. In Experiment 1 the standard classroom treatment used instructor lecture and guided discussion, instructor modeling of skills, and role play, with the instructor present the full time. The combined instructor/ computer/video treatment substituted computer instruction for lecture and video for instructor modeling. The dependent variable was performance in a role play. Both treatments required 9 hr of subject time, but the combined treatment reduced instructor time from 9 to 4.5 hr. The combined treatment yielded comparable subject outcomes: F(1, 25) = 1.21, p = NS. In Experiment 2, the classroom treatment remained essentially the same. In the optimized treatment subjects scored videotaped examples and applied the scoring technique in teams to their own videotaped role-play performance. Total subject time in both treatments was 6 hr. Instructor time was 6 hr in the classroom treatment and 2 hr in the combined treatment. The optimized treatment yielded significantly better performance: F(1, 23) = 20.27, p < .001. Independent rating of the role plays by three counseling students (who were blind to the experimental treatments and to the subjects assigned to each treatment) indicated a similar result, with t(24) = 2.67, p < .05. We conclude that computer- and video-supported methods have the potential to decrease instructor time and increase learner performance, even for complex interpersonal problem solving skills.     

高压直流静电场对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果

利用自行研制的直流高压静电场装置针对大肠杆菌进行了杀菌实验。实验结果表明,电场电压、处理时间是影响电场杀菌作用的主要因素。在极板间距3cm,电压20kV,处理时间45min的条件下,大肠杆菌的致死率达到98.7%。通过分析高压静电场对菌液温度、pH值、电导率的影响,初步探讨高压静电场杀菌机理。     

Mixed integer programming approaches to exact minimization of total treatment time in cancer radiotherapy using multileaf collimators

The effectiveness of radiation therapy for cancer depends on the patient remaining still during treatment. It is thus important to minimize the total treatment time (TTT). When such treatment is delivered using multileaf collimators in “step-and-shoot” mode, it consists of a sequence of collimator configurations, or patterns; for each, the patient is exposed to radiation for a specified time, or beam-on time. The TTT can thus be divided into the total beam-on time and the time spent reconfiguring the collimators. The latter can reasonably be approximated by the number of patterns, multiplied by a constant overhead time per pattern. Previous approaches to this problem have all been heuristic; in particular none of them actually use the pattern overhead time to ascertain the best trade-off between beam-on time and number of patterns. In this paper, we develop exact solution approaches, based on mixed integer programming (MIP) formulations, which minimize the TTT. We consider direct solution of MIP formulations, and then exploit the bicriteria structure of the objective to derive an algorithm that “steps up” through the number of patterns used, leading to substantial computational savings.     

Development of fuzzy approach to predict the fetus safety and growth using AFI

The Journal of Supercomputing - Nowadays, prediction of abnormality plays a vital role in healthcare applications for deciding the treatment and guiding for proper treatment on time. The amniotic...     

低温等离子体辅助聚乳酸表面接枝乳酸链球菌素 及抗菌性

该文主要通过低温等离子体处理聚乳酸薄膜,并研究了不同处理时间(0、15 s、30 s、45 s 和 60 s)后薄膜的表面形貌及亲水性。在此基础上,将低温等离子体处理后的聚乳酸薄膜浸泡到乳酸链球 菌素溶液中,对其抗菌性能进行测定。通过调节等离子体处理时间,可以明显改善聚乳酸薄膜的表面 亲水性及粗糙度。结果表明,随着处理时间的增加,聚乳酸薄膜表面粗糙度先增加后减小,接触角先 降低后增加。经过 60 s 低温等离子体处理的聚乳酸薄膜,浸泡乳酸链球菌素溶液进行接枝,可有效降 低单核增生李斯特菌的菌落总数。因此,低温等离子体处理聚乳酸薄膜,为其在食品抗菌包装领域提 供了一个非常好的思路。     

改进的装炉组合问题建模与优化算法

针对罩式炉退火生产中的钢卷组合堆垛优化问题,建立了以最小化钢卷组炉总加热时间为目标的数学模型。模型综合考虑了钢卷自身属性以及生产工艺约束条件等因素对钢卷组炉加热处理时间的影响。在分析罩式炉退火加热工艺规范的基础上,提出了一种改进自适应遗传算法对模型求解。算法首先类比装炉组合问题与一维装箱问题的相似点分组编码染色体,借鉴装箱问题的优化思想改善初始解种群质量;然后在工艺规则的指导下对遗传基因进行启发式交叉和变异,变异率和交叉率随种群收敛程度自适应调整以保证种群多样性和全局收敛性;最后结合局部穷举搜索方法实现了对上述模型的优化计算。仿真对比实验以及现场实际应用效果均表明该算法相对其他算法的优越性。     

RASON: A new approach to the scheduling radiotherapy problem that considers the current waiting times

Scheduling Radiotherapy treatments for cancer patient is a major concern for hospital and clinics. The main problem consists in minimizing the patient waiting time in order to maximize the treatment effectiveness. Most of the modern scheduling approaches use expert systems based on scheduling heuristics and algorithms to develop detailed schedules, in order to efficiently map the patients requirements to the treatment capacity of the health center. In this paper, we propose RASON, a new heuristic based scheduling algorithm for radiotherapy treatments, which main objective is to minimize the average waiting time for each patient. In contrast to well-known existing approaches, our solution manages a priority list that can be dynamically updated according to both the patient category and his/her current waiting time. The generated schedule also impacts the minimization of the average tardiness of the first treatment sessions for each patient. We have evaluated our algorithm using both real data from the Institute of Radiotherapy in Santiago, Chilean and artificial cases generated with a self-developed generator called GeneRa. GeneRa is able to generate cases according to particular constraints inherent to several countries like UK, France and Italy. We show in our proposal evaluation that an on-the-fly scheduling has a great positive impact, allowing to reduce the average waiting time and tardiness for all patients categories. Our algorithm outperforms the JIT and ASAP well-known approaches, with a 95% statistical significance. Our scheduling algorithm allows to significantly reduce the treatment waiting time for different categories of patients. This is a major improvement for the patients as time and delays are crucial parameters to achieve the best effectiveness in cancer treatments.     

基于现场总线的X射线能谱分析仪软件设计

介绍了自动寻峰、谱数据的光滑、能量刻度、峰边界道的确定和峰面积计算等能谱数据的数学计算方法．并对现场总线实时谱数据处理方法及软件开发做一探讨。     

考虑多样化需求的诊疗设备维护和患者调度联合优化研究

针对诊疗设备维护和住院患者候诊难以有效协调的问题,建立了联合优化模型。首先,假设设备具有离散的劣化状态,将设备的劣化过程建模为连续时间马尔可夫链;其次,考虑到患者对诊疗设备的不同功能频率需求,以及不同劣化状态对患者治疗时间、费用的影响,以患者就诊顺序、检查策略、修复策略为决策变量建立了设备维护和患者调度模型;最后,采用改进后的非支配排序遗传算法对多目标问题进行了求解。实验结果验证了设备维护与患者调度联合优化模型的有效性。改进后的算法提高了整体和局部的搜索能力,且具有鲁棒性。     

电网调度自动化主站系统对时方案分析

对时的目的是提供时间基准。对时系统为调度自动化主站系统的正常运行以及数据分析提供了统一的时钟源,给应用系统故障分析和判断提供了时间戳信息。基于调度自动化主站系统现有的对时架构,着重分析了调度自动化主站系统的对时方式以及防时间跳变的处理措施。