激光熔覆多主元高熵合金涂层的研究进展

多主元高熵合金以其独特的合金设计理念和优异的性能,在现代化工业中具有巨大的应用潜力,逐渐成为广大材料研究学者们关注的热点。论述了高熵合金的热力学特性、动力学特性、结构特性以及性能特点,重点阐述了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层以及高熵合金基复合涂层的研究进展,并指出了高熵合金未来的研究发展方向,为激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的研制提供了参考。     

合金元素对激光熔覆高熵合金涂层硬度影响的研究进展

激光熔覆技术采用高能量密度的激光作为工艺的能量来源,能够对工件表面进行改性和修复,显著地改善了基体的表面力学性能,从而有效地延长了产品的生命周期。激光熔覆是制备高熵合金的典型工艺之一,采用该技术并且添加合适的合金元素可以制备具备卓越性能的高熵合金涂层。为清晰地阐明加入元素后增强激光熔覆高熵合金涂层硬度的作用机制,首先综述了目前国内外在激光熔覆过程中加入常见元素所制备的高熵合金涂层硬度性能的研究现状,其中高熵合金有特殊的“4种效应”,对金属间化合物有促进作用,其内部微观结构一般为FCC、BCC或者HCP等固溶相,通常通过固溶强化、沉淀强化和分散强化来强化,并且激光熔覆法会使高熵合金涂层快速冷却,从而显著改善合金的力学性能。其次,分析了金属与非金属两大类元素对激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层硬度强化的机理,总结了金属元素与非金属元素的添加对高熵合金涂层硬度的影响规律。最后,针对激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层硬度性能的改进,总结出了有效的方法,并对其未来发展进行了展望。研究结果揭示了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层硬度强化的理论基础,为该领域的进一步发展提供了理论依据。     

高熵合金激光熔覆涂层的研究进展

高熵合金熔覆涂层结构简单,性能优异,易于制备,是目前高熵合金研究的热点。通过成分设计、元素添加、制备工艺优化等方法,可以显著提高高熵合金熔覆层质量,强化基材性能,获得满足工程应用的高熵合金涂层的有效途径。从元素含量、增强相、热处理工艺等3个方面阐述其对高熵合金涂层微观组织和性能的影响,并进一步分析激光熔覆制备高熵合金目前存在的问题,展望了其未来的研究重点。     

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的研究进展

高熵合金涂层具有的良好热稳定性、耐高温性能使其成为高温涂层科学领域一个新的研究热点。激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层的方法是获得其优越性能的制备方法之一。本文主要从涂层成分设计、组织结构、退火工艺与性能、耐高温氧化性能以及其他性能等方面综述了激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层的最新研究成果,分析了当前激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层存在的问题,提出了应从组元设计、基础理论、性能规律及加工工艺等方面完善科学研究体系,以期制备出性能优异的高熵合金涂层。     

合金元素对激光熔覆高熵合金涂层影响的研究进展

激光熔覆能够实现对能量和品质的精确控制,对基体的热影响小,涂层稀释率低,并与基体形成冶金结合,是目前制备涂层的常用手段。相比于块体材料,涂层的应用减少了材料的浪费,更符合环保理念。采用激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层是近年来高熵合金领域的主要热点之一。由于高熵合金的"鸡尾酒效应",主元元素的选择对涂层性能起着决定性的作用。因此本文主要介绍激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层时合金元素主元对其相形成规律以及耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗氧化等性能的影响。重点介绍了高熵合金中常用主元元素Fe、Cr、Mn、Al、Ti、Co、Ni几种金属主元和C、N、B、Si四种非金属主元的影响规律,结果表明,通过宏观和微观的合金化可以改变高熵合金相的组成及结构,从而改善材料的性能。最后还对激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的应用前景以及未来研究的方向进行了展望。     

激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层的研究进展

高熵合金是由五种或五种以上元素按照等物质的量比或近等物质的量比进行混合形成的合金,具有杰出的力学性能、物理及化学性能,应用潜力巨大。作为一种新型的表面处理技术,激光熔覆与高熵合金相结合,为高熵合金的应用开辟出了又一空间。介绍了目前国内外采用激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层的研究现状,并展望了其发展前景。     

高熵合金在高速切削刀具上的应用及发展趋势

综述了高速切削刀具材料最新研究进展;介绍了高熵合金及其氮化物涂层的性能和组织特征,以及化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积、磁控溅射、激光熔覆和热喷涂等涂层制备方法;展望了高熵合金涂层刀具的发展趋势。     

激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层耐磨性研究进展

机械零部件的摩擦磨损主要发生在材料表面,约有80%的零件工作失效是由表面磨损造成的。摩擦磨损增加了材料和能量的损耗,降低了可靠性和安全性。使用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备高熵合金涂层的方法,能够使涂层与基体实现良好的冶金结合,以达到提升表面耐磨性能的目的。影响高熵合金涂层耐磨性的因素主要有涂层材料的力学性能,如硬度、塑性和韧性;熔覆过程中产生的缺陷,如表面粗糙不平、气孔和裂纹;摩擦工况,如高温环境和腐蚀环境。本文分析总结了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的耐磨性影响因素及强化机制。首先,阐明了激光工艺参数(激光功率、激光扫描速度、光斑直径)和后处理工艺(热处理和轧制)对涂层质量及性能的影响;其次,概述了组元元素选择、高温环境和腐蚀环境对涂层耐磨性的影响;最后,对激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层存在的问题进行归纳分析,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,如基于远平衡态的材料设计理论研发新材料、利用电场-磁场协同或激光-超声振动复合等新工艺提升涂层耐磨性等。     

激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层耐磨性研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

机械零部件的摩擦磨损主要发生在材料表面,约有80%的零件工作失效是由表面磨损造成的。摩擦磨损增加了材料和能量的损耗,降低了可靠性和安全性。使用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备高熵合金涂层的方法,能够使涂层与基体实现良好的冶金结合,以达到提升表面耐磨性能的目的。影响高熵合金涂层耐磨性的因素主要有涂层材料的力学性能,如硬度、塑性和韧性;熔覆过程中产生的缺陷,如表面粗糙不平、气孔和裂纹;摩擦工况,如高温环境和腐蚀环境。本文分析总结了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的耐磨性影响因素及强化机制。首先,阐明了激光工艺参数(激光功率、激光扫描速度、光斑直径)和后处理工艺(热处理和轧制)对涂层质量及性能的影响;其次,概述了组元元素选择、高温环境和腐蚀环境对涂层耐磨性的影响;最后,对激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层存在的问题进行归纳分析,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,如基于远平衡态的材料设计理论研发新材料、利用电场-磁场协同或激光-超声振动复合等新工艺提升涂层耐磨性等。     

激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层耐磨性研究进展

机械零部件的摩擦磨损主要发生在材料表面,约有80%的零件工作失效是由表面磨损造成的。摩擦磨损增加了材料和能量的损耗,降低了可靠性和安全性。使用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备高熵合金涂层的方法,能够使涂层与基体实现良好的冶金结合,以达到提升表面耐磨性能的目的。影响高熵合金涂层耐磨性的因素主要有涂层材料的力学性能,如硬度、塑性和韧性;熔覆过程中产生的缺陷,如表面粗糙不平、气孔和裂纹;摩擦工况,如高温环境和腐蚀环境。本文分析总结了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层的耐磨性影响因素及强化机制。首先,阐明了激光工艺参数(激光功率、激光扫描速度、光斑直径)和后处理工艺(热处理和轧制)对涂层质量及性能的影响;其次,概述了组元元素选择、高温环境和腐蚀环境对涂层耐磨性的影响;最后,对激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层存在的问题进行归纳分析,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望,如基于远平衡态的材料设计理论研发新材料、利用电场-磁场协同或激光-超声振动复合等新工艺提升涂层耐磨性等。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...