非晶SiOx:C薄膜的发光特性研究

采用双离子束溅射法制备了SiOx:C非晶薄膜,在室温下可观察到薄膜样品有强的420nm(紫光)、470nm(蓝绿光)的光致发光(PL).分别对样品在不同温度下退火后,PL测试显示随着退火温度的升高420nm处的峰带逐渐增强变为强的发光峰;470nm处的发光峰位来自于硅基薄膜中富硅引起的中性氧空位缺陷(O3≡Si-Si≡O3),是由与氧原子配位的二价硅的单态-单态之间的跃迁所致;420nm范围的峰带可能来自于薄膜中由C单质、以及Si、O、C三者组成的一个复杂结构.     

退火对两种硅基薄膜的结构及发光影响

采用双离子束共溅射沉积方法制备了两种复合硅基薄膜SiOxCy和SiOxNy薄膜,对两种薄膜进行后退火处理,并分别对样品进行PL、FTIR、XPS谱测试分析,比较退火前后的发光及结构的变化。两种样品的光致发光测试谱(PL)表明:退火前后都有两个发光峰位-都存在470nm的发光峰位,它来自于硅基薄膜中中性氧空位缺陷(O3≡Si-Si≡O3),是由于氧原子配位的二价硅的单态-单态之间的跃迁所致,其发光强度随退火温度的升高而变化。进一步的FTIR和XPS的测试谱表明另外一个发光峰位420nm(SiOxCy薄膜)和400nm(SiOxNy薄膜)分别来自于掺杂杂质(C和N)与硅基薄膜中的Si、O组成的复合结构。而两种样品经过退火处理后掺杂所引起的发光峰位强度随退火温度的升高而增强,说明退火温度的升高有利于发光机制的形成。     

NMP溶剂退火制备高效钙钛矿太阳电池

钙钛矿薄膜中的PbI2缺陷会引起载流子复合,降低电池性能。通过对一步法制备的钙钛矿薄膜进行NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)溶剂退火,减少热处理过程中有机阳离子的损失,实现钙钛矿晶界处PbI2缺陷的减少,同时增大晶粒尺寸、实现薄膜粗糙度及起伏度的调控。结果表明NMP溶剂退火方法可抑制薄膜中的非辐射复合,降低缺陷态浓度,实现薄膜光吸收的增强,从而提高钙钛矿太阳电池的短路电流和填充因子。与未经过NMP溶剂退火处理的电池相比,该方法制备的钙钛矿太阳电池的平均效率提高10.51%,最高效率提高22.15%。     

a-SiOx∶C薄膜的结构与发光特性研究

采用双离子束共溅射法制备了SiOx∶C薄膜.对样品的XRD和TEM测试结果表明薄膜为非晶结构;PL谱图显示有两个发光峰分别位于420 nm(紫光)、470 nm(蓝绿光)处;470 nm处的发光峰位来自于硅基薄膜中富硅引起的中性氧空位缺陷(O3Si-SiO3),是由与氧原子配位的二价硅的单态以及三态-单态之间的跃迁所致,而与掺碳无关.进一步的XPS测试分析表明,420 nm处的PL峰位可能来自于Si、C、O三者组成的复杂的结构.     

退火对Cr3+离子掺杂Al2O3薄膜的结构及发光性能影响

用脉冲激光沉积技术在Si(100)基底上制备了纯Al2O3、掺杂浓度为0.3%、1%(质量分数)的Cr3+∶Al2O3薄膜。制备态的薄膜为立方γ-Al2O3结构,经800℃真空条件下退火1h样品的结晶度有所提高,呈现α-Al2O3相与γ-Al2O3相的衍射峰。薄膜基本保持了靶材中原有各元素成分比例,平均粒径为250nm,形貌为条形。与Al2O3粉体相比,制备态薄膜在386nm处的发光峰强度明显提高。这可归因于薄膜中氧空位的增加使双氧空位吸收电子所产生的F2+色心浓度提高。薄膜经真空退火后在332、398nm附近的发光峰强度明显增强,这是由于薄膜中氧空位的增加提高了F+、F色心浓度。与此同时,制备态薄膜在386nm附近发光峰经退火后由386nm蓝移至381nm,可归因于退火后制备态薄膜的内应力得到了释放。1%(质量分数)Cr3+掺杂薄膜在646、694nm出现Cr3+离子由4 T2能级跃迁至4 A2能级及由E-能级跃迁至4 A2能级产生的荧光发光峰。     

ZnO薄膜中与Zn原子缺陷相关的发光特性研究

ZnO薄膜中可见光的发射与缺陷有关,为了研究ZnO薄膜中与Zn原子缺陷相关的发光特性,将不同Zn缓冲层厚度的ZnO薄膜沉积在Si衬底上,且所有样品在400℃下真空中退火1 h,采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、吸收谱和光致发光谱(PL)表征了样品的晶体结构和光学特性。结果表明,随着Zn缓冲层溅射时间的增加,ZnO薄膜中的紫光峰向长波段发生了红移,且所有的发光峰强度逐渐增加;缓冲层和真空中退火都使得样品中有过量的Zn原子缺陷出现,薄膜中所有的发光峰与Zn原子缺陷相关。     

热蒸发多孔Si/SiO2薄膜的光致发光特性研究

本工作采用热蒸发法制备了多孔Si/SiO_2薄膜,利用拉曼、红外、XRD研究了薄膜的结构,SEM研究了表面形貌,使用光致发光(PL)谱对其发光特性进行了研究。结果表明,激发波长为325nm(2.88eV)时,样品的峰位分别在430nm(2.88eV)、441nm(2.81eV)、523nm(2.47eV)、554nm(2.24eV),激发波长为488nm时,峰位在570nm(2.18eV),采用施主态Si悬挂键≡Si 0位于2.81eV,受主态Si悬挂键≡Si-位于3.00eV处,引入SiOx(x小于2)和Si-O-Si缺陷态能级,能级分别为5.05eV和0.63eV,建立了Si/SiO_2薄膜的能隙态(EGS)模型,并讨论了其发光机制。     

锌膜退火氧化制备ZnO薄膜的单一紫光发射性能

通过锌膜在金属锌熔点以上的温度退火氧化的方法制备ZnO薄膜,研究了氧气压力对ZnO薄膜发光性能的影响.ZnO薄膜的室温光致发光谱是由发光中心在413nm～424nm处的单一紫光组成.随着氧气压力的增加,紫光的强度增加并且发光中心由424nm偏移到413nm.在低氧气压力下(50 Pa～500Pa),紫光的发射归因于电子从价带到锌间隙原子(Zni)之间的跃迁.在高氧气压力下(5000Pa～23000Pa),锌间隙原子(Zni)和锌空位(VZn)缺陷都和紫光发射有关.     

CdS半导体纳米晶的生长及其光谱研究

用玻璃沉淀技术制备了含过饱和CdS的玻璃固溶体,在一定条件下晶化处理使其长出CdS量子点,并采用了X射线衍射、高分辨扫描电镜、光吸收谱和荧光发光光谱等测试手段分析其性能,结果表明经过晶化处理可以在玻璃中长出CdS量子点,尺寸大约为10～25nm,吸收谱中出现明显的红移现象,反映出量子点的量子限域效应,荧光发光图谱中可以看出量子点发光主要由带隙发光和表面缺陷态发光组成,提高热处理温度可以改善晶粒的完整性.     

PECVD方法直接合成硅氧纳米复合薄膜(nc-SiOx:H)

首次报道了以SiH4、N2O和H2混合气体为原料,用PECVD工艺直接合成硅氧纳米复合薄膜(nc-SiOx:H),未经任何后处理过程观察到了可见光致发光现象,发光峰位于530 nm(2.34eV)左右.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、XRD、高分辨电镜(HRTEM)等手段观察分析了薄膜的组成和结构,薄膜形成了纳米硅在氧化硅网络中的镶嵌式结构.发光强度随薄膜中氧含量的增加而提高,认为薄膜的发光主要是由于跟氧有关的结构缺陷引起的.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.