Mg/Al水滑石对腐殖酸的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了 Mg/Al 水滑石,并在不同温度下煅烧。探究了煅烧温度、材料投加量、pH 值、腐殖酸初始浓度对水滑石去除腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,当金属物质的量比为3的 Mg/Al 水滑石投加量为0.5 g/L, pH 值为8.5,温度为25℃时,水滑石对10 mg/L 的腐殖酸的去除率能达到96.64%,此时,水滑石的饱和吸附量为19.33 mg/g。Mg/Al 水滑石经3次再生后,对腐殖酸的去除率仍然高达95%以上,表明 Mg/Al 水滑石的可重用性好。     

纳米水滑石的结构表征及其对氯离子的吸附性能

以天然菱镁矿为原料,采用尿素法制备纳米Mg-Zn-Al水滑石(LDH)、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石,采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附-脱附对水滑石的结构特征、晶粒尺寸进行表征,并利用水滑石的层间阴离子交换性及结构"记忆效应",来研究焙烧态水滑石(CLDH)对溶液中氯离子的吸附性能。结果表明:Zn-Mg-Al-LDH结晶度比Mg-Al-LDH、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe-LDH高,同时Zn-Mg-Al-LDH的粒径非常均匀,尺寸在20nm左右,为层片状结构,而且其晶体结构呈现花瓣状结构;在Mg-Al-CLDH中,随着n(Mg/Al)的增加,溶液中Cl~-的去除率逐渐提高,且在n(Mg/Al)=4时去除率最大,为85.96%;当n(M~(2+)/M~(3+))固定为2时,Zn-Mg-Al-CLDH对Cl~-的去除率要比Mg-Al-CLDH对Cl~-的去除率高13.25%,但Zn-Mg-Al-Fe-CLDH的去除率却比Mg-Al-CLDH低32.53%;焙烧态水滑石n(Zn/Mg/Al)=1∶1∶1时,有较大的比表面积837.183m~2/g,较大的孔容为0.496cc/g,其相应吸附能力也较大。     

二元金属类水滑石的合成及其作为前驱体对NOx的吸附性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了多种二元金属类水滑石化合物,对其进行了XRD、IR表征,并测试了焙烧产物对NOx的吸附性能.结果表明,合成的样品都具有典型的水滑石层状结构;二元金属类水滑石化合物MAl-HTlcs(M=Cu,Mg,Zn,Co,Ni)对NOx均具有良好的吸附性能,其中锌铝型类水滑石(摩尔比Zn/Al=3)对NOx的吸附速率及饱和吸附量最大,饱和吸附量为1851mg/g.     

NiMgAl类水滑石制备条件研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同摩尔投料比的NiMgAl类水滑石化合物.测定了Ni、Mg、Al单盐以及不同摩尔比的混合硝酸盐溶液的滴定曲线,考察了加料方式、晶化温度、晶化时间、原料配比对类水滑石合成的影响.通过XRD、IR对合成物进行表征,结果表明,在恒定pH值为8～9,n(Mg Ni)/n(Al)=1～3,n(Mg)/n(Ni)=8～16,晶化温度为65℃,晶化时间6h的条件下即得到晶相单=的NiMgAl-HTLcs;随n(Mg Ni)/n(Al)的增加,类水滑石结构的规整性提高,n(Mg)/n(Ni)比增加,层间距略有减小.     

镁铝铜水滑石的合成、表征及性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同摩尔投料(Mg/Al/Cu)的碳酸根型水滑石，用X-射线、红外光谱、热重．差热分析对水滑石进行了表征，测定对NOx的吸附性能。结果表明，Mg/Al/Cu摩尔比为2．5：1：0．5，2：1：1，1：1：2时合成的复合氧化物中都具有“feitknecht”结构。热重-差热分析结果显示合成样品的分解均有两个过程，掺入铜量少，热稳定性高。Mg/Al/Cu为2．5：1：0．5的水滑石对氮氧化物的吸附容量为1484．4mg/g。     

纳米水滑石结构表征及其对氯离子吸附性能

以天然菱镁矿为原料,采用尿素法制备纳米Mg-Zn-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石,用XRD、SEM对水滑石的结构特征、晶粒尺寸进行表征,并利用水滑石的层间阴离子交换性及结构“记忆效应”,来研究焙烧态水滑石对溶液中氯离子的吸附性能.结果表明:Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的结晶度比Mg-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石的高,同时Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的粒径非常均匀,尺寸在20 nm左右,为层片状结构,而且其晶体形貌呈现花瓣状结构;在Mg-Al水滑石中,随着n(Mg)∶n(Al)的增加,溶液中Cl-的去除率逐渐提高,且在n(Mg)∶n(Al) =4时去除率最大,为85.96％;当n(M2+)∶n(M3+)固定为2时,Zn-Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率要比Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率高13.25％,但Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石对Cl-的去除率却比Mg-Al水滑石低32.53％.     

二维层状磁性镁铝水滑石的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法将磁性基质与镁铝水滑石组装制备二维层状磁性镁铝水滑石,考察了在一定的pH值、沉淀生成温度及陈化时间下,不同n(Mg2 )/n(Al3 ),n(Fe2 )/n(Mg2 )比值及焙烧温度对合成磁性镁铝水滑石结构的影响,并借助HRTEM、XRD、VSM、TG-DSC、FT-IR等手段对其晶型结构、磁学性能及结晶度等进行表征,结果表明镁铝水滑石在赋予磁性后,并没有改变其典型的层状结构,证实了将磁性基质与层状材料组装合成的可行性.     

钙铝和铁铝水滑石的制备及其吸附水中六价铬的性能

为寻找高效吸附水中六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))的水滑石功能材料,以水热法制备钙铝(CaAl-LDH)和铁铝水滑石(FeAlLDH) 2种吸附剂,通过X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和比表面积测定仪研究其结构和性质,采用批次平衡实验比较研究其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明:CaAl-LDH和FeAl-LDH具有水滑石的特征衍射峰和介孔结构,呈六边形片状,比表面积分别为8.746、159.5 m~2/g; 2种材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附速率较快,在30 min达到平衡,且吸附过程不受溶液pH值的影响,溶液中存在的常见阴离子对Cr(Ⅵ)影响较小;吸附动力学和等温线数据分别符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温线模型,CaAl-LDH和FeAl-LDH对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量分别为34.92、51.31 g/kg。     

纳米晶镁铝水滑石结晶动力学

以尿素为沉淀剂制备纳米晶镁铝水滑石,其结晶生长机理与粒径无关.从相变驱动力、晶种与晶体形成、成核速率和晶体生长速率3个方面研究了纳米晶镁铝水滑石的结晶动力学,求出不同温度下成核速率、晶体生长速率及其相应的表观活化能,并确定其动力学模型.结果表明影响晶粒形成和生长的主要因素是晶化温度和反应物过饱和度.当x(Mg):x(Al)=3、晶化温度120℃、晶种Al(OH)3、晶种用量3.0%时可快速得到较好的层状纳米晶镁铝水滑石.     

纳米晶Mg-Al水滑石的水热合成及合成机理

讨论了不同的Mg、Al源为起始反应物、反应温度、时间和碱度对水热合成Mg-Al水滑石物相组成和晶粒度的影响. 用XRD、SEM对合成产物进行了表征, 用X射线全谱拟合法计算了Mg-Al水滑石晶粒度. 以MgO和Al(OH)₃为起始反应物, Mg/Al=2,在140℃反应4～10h, 可以制备出高结晶度的单相纳米晶Mg-Al水滑石. Mg-Al水滑石的形成机理可概括为: 水解反应-沉淀成核-晶粒长大. 反应物类型及合成条件会影响前驱物的水解速率和水解程度, 进而影响晶体成核和生长速率,控制物相的组成和晶粒度大小.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.