硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷烧结性能的影响

以煅烧α-Al2 O3粉末为原料,硅溶胶为高温结合剂,羧甲基纤维素钠为成型黏结剂,通过混料、困料、模压成型、高温烧结等工序制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷,利用SEM和XRD对多孔陶瓷微观形貌和晶体结构进行测试,并对多孔陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度、显气孔率和抗弯强度进行表征,系统地研究硅溶胶添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷高温烧结特性的影响.结果表明:低温下硅溶胶的热解产物石英型SiO2将氧化铝颗粒黏结起来,形成物理黏结,能提高多孔陶瓷的力学性能;烧结温度达1500℃时,SiO2开始与氧化铝反应形成莫来石,莫来石结合相的生成使得氧化铝多孔陶瓷趋于致密,力学性能优异,抗弯强度可达(105.5±8.0)MPa;随烧结温度的升高莫来石生成量增多,导致氧化铝多孔陶瓷的体积膨胀,进而使得孔隙率增大,力学性能降低.烧结温度介于1400～1500℃之间时,可以得到微观结构合理、力学性能优异、孔隙率适中的氧化铝多孔陶瓷.     

Effect of TiO2 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based linear resistance ceramics

ZnO-based linear resistance ceramics doped with TiO₂ were fabricated by the conventional ceramic method. The effect of TiO₂ on the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics was investigated in detail. The results show that the electrical properties, such as resistivity, nonlinear coefficient, resistance temperature coefficient and energy density, have been obviously influenced by TiO₂ doping. The optimal sample with the TiO₂ concentration of 7 wt% possesses a resistivity of 695 Ω · cm and an energy density of 780 J/cm³, which are improved by 171.5 and 68.8%, respectively. Spontaneously, the nonlinear coefficient of voltage decreases to 1.2 and the resistance temperature coefficient reaches −2.92 × 10⁻³/°C, decreased by 20 and 39.2%, respectively.     

烧结温度对SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响

采用反应烧结工艺,通过改变烧结温度,制备出了一系列不同烧结温度下（1 600,1 630,1 660和1 690℃）的SiC多孔陶瓷粉体。通过XRD、SEM、气孔测试、压缩强度测试和油水分离测试等,对SiC多孔陶瓷的物相结构、微观形貌、孔隙率、力学性能等进行了表征。结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,SiO₂的特征衍射峰强度逐渐升高,在1 690℃时SiO₂的特征衍射峰强度最高;SiC多孔陶瓷的气孔随温度升高呈现出先降低后增加的趋势,在1 660℃时气孔率最低为32.1%;SEM分析发现,1 600和1 630℃下烧结的SiC多孔陶瓷中的小颗粒较多,且SiC多孔陶瓷的颗粒较为分散,随着烧结温度的升高,小颗粒相逐渐减少,SiC多孔陶瓷整体逐渐收缩紧密,晶粒逐渐长大。力学性能分析表明,随着烧结温度的升高,SiC多孔陶瓷的压缩强度先升高后轻微下降,在1 660℃时压缩强度达到了最大值25.6 MPa。油水分离测试发现,随着烧结温度的升高,SiC陶瓷的膜通量出现了先降低后有略微升高的趋势,截留率出现了先升高后轻微降低的趋势,在烧结温度为1 660℃时,膜通...     

Effects of BaNb2O6 addition on microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics

(1 ? x)BaTiO₃–xBaNb₂O₆ [(1 ? x)BT–xBN] ceramics with x = 0, 0.005, 0.008, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction route. The effect of BN addition on phase composition, microstructure and dielectric properties of BT-based ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that a systematic structure change from the ferroelectric tetragonal phase to pseudo-cubic phase was observed near x = 0.01 at room temperature. It resulted in a considerable change of density, grain size and dielectric properties of the samples when BN was introduced. Meanwhile, it also lowered the sintering temperature of the ceramics. The dielectric constant peak and the variation rate of capacitance at Curie temperature are markedly depressed and broaden with increasing BN content. Especially, the ceramics with x = 0.008 and x = 0.01 showed good dielectric properties over the measured temperature range. Optimal dielectric properties of ε = 3,851, tanδ = 0.7 % at room temperature and Δε/ε₂₅ ≤ ±6.8 % (?55 to 125 °C) were obtained for the BT-based ceramics doped with 0.8 mol% BN, which was obviously superior to BaTiO₃ and BaNb₂O₆ ceramic, and it met the requirements of EIA X7R specifications.     

Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and electrical properties of ZVMCDN ceramics

The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-V₂O₅-MnO₂-Co₃O₄-Dy₂O₃-Nb₂O₅ (ZVMCDN) ceramics were investigated in accordance with sintering temperature (850-950 °C). The microstructure of the samples consisted of mainly ZnO grain as a main phase, and Zn₃(VO₄)₂, ZnV₂O₄, and DyVO₄ as the minor secondary phases. The sintered density decreased from 5.69 to 5.52 g/cm³ due to the volatility of V₂O₅ in accordance with increasing sintering temperature. The maximum nonlinear coefficient (57) was obtained at 925 °C. The donor concentration increased from 1.15 × 10¹⁸/cm³ to 11.1 × 10¹⁸/cm³ in accordance with increasing sintering temperature and the barrier height exhibited the maximum value (1.03 eV) at 925 °C.     

Characterization and microstructure of porous lead zirconate titanate ceramics

Porous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics are widely used because of their low acoustic impedance, high figure of merit and high hydrostatic sensitivity. In the present work, porous PZT ceramics were fabricated by incorporating polyethylene oxide (PEO) as pore-forming agent. Both PZT powder and PEO were mixed with a binder at different ratios and compaction was carried out. The samples were slowly heated to remove the pore-forming agent and binder without cracks, followed by controlled sintering and electrode forming. Samples were poled using corona poling technique. The ferroelectric properties and microstructure of the prepared ceramics were characterized. The correlation of porosity with microstructure and ferroelectric properties were discussed.     

Effect of cerium addition on phase transformation and microstructure of cordierite ceramics prepared by sol-gel method

Low-temperature sintering of cordierite ceramic depends on the phase transformation into cordierite and the properties depend on its microstructure. In the present work, the effect of cerium on the phase transformation and microstructure of cordierite ceramics prepared by sol-gel method is studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to lower the sintering temperature and improve the properties of cordierite ceramic with the addition of cerium. It is observed that the cerium addition obviously lowers the crystallization temperature of -cordierite while slightly raises that of -cordierite. The lowest temperature for cordierite transformation, which approaches the crystallization temperature of -cordierite, is achieved in the sample containing 4 wt% of cerium, implying a possibility to lower the sintering temperature of cordierite ceramics. The Ce-contained ceramics show a biphasic microstructure that is dependent on sintering temperature. Sintered below 1300°C, a cordierite-CeO₂ microstructure is present; while sintered at the temperature above 1300°C, appears a cordierite-glass microstructure, of which the amount of glass phase is limited to a small extent. Since the addition of 4 wt% cerium to this MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system substantially enhances the densification of cordierite ceramics and lowers the sintering temperature to the level of around 1000°C, it makes the ceramics suitable for such applications, where the low-temperature sintering is required, as the substrates for electronic circuit and the catalytic supports (with oxygen storage capacity) for cleaning of automotive exhaust emissions.     

粒度对纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷结构和性能的影响

制备了纳米掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷,研究了纳米掺杂剂和BaTiO3的粒度对BaTiO3陶瓷的微观结构和介电性能的影响．结果表明,小粒度、高分散的纳米掺杂剂更易对BaTiO3颗粒实现均匀包裹,有效地抑制晶粒生长并形成更多的壳-芯晶粒,大比表面积使更多高活性的表面原子与BaTiO3发生原子输运形成传质,导致晶粒壳／芯比增大,从而提高其介电性能．纳米掺杂陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸和四方率与BaTiO3粒度几乎成正比．随着BaTiO3粒度的减小,立方晶粒壳增大而四方晶粒芯减小,陶瓷由四方晶相向赝立方晶相转变,居里峰被显著压制,从而改善介电温度特性．同时,晶粒的壳与芯之间失配产生的内应力随之增加,使居里点向高温方向移动．     

Effect of fluorine doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of barium-titanate-based ceramics

The effect of partial fluorine substitution for oxygen on the properties of BaTiO₃ has been studied using thermogravimetry, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, complex impedance measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results indicate that partial fluorine substitution for oxygen influences the composition range of positive temperature coefficient of resistance behavior in ceramics with heterovalent substitution of lanthanum on the barium site.     

Effect of additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial alumina ceramics

The effect of impurities or additives on the microstructure of some commercial alumina ceramic samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer and the mechanical properties investigated. Both the hardness and the toughness have been found to increase as the SiO₂ content decreases, and the theoretical density is reached in these materials. Grain size and distribution seem to be important factors in the mechanical properties of alumina ceramics. If the additives are controlled carefully, finer grain size and distribution can be obtained, together with a high relative density in terms of pore distribution characteristics and consequently enhanced mechanical properties.     

Effect of sintering condition on microstructure and dielectric properties of BSTN composite ceramics

The effect of sintering condition on the phase composition, microstructure and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate niobate (BSTN) composite ceramics, in which the perovskite phase and the tungsten bronze phase coexisted, was investigated by XRD, SEM and LCZ Meter. The results show that more Sr²⁺ ions dissolved from the grain boundaries into the crystal lattice of the pervoskite phase and the tungsten bronze phase, especially, into the lattice of the pervoskite phase with the increasing of sintering temperature and sintering time, respectively. So the Curie temperature point decreases with the increasing of sintering temperature. The crystal growth rate of the tungsten bronze phase is higher than that of the perovskite phase in BSTN composite ceramics as the sintering temperature increases. The reasonable sintering temperature is about 1275 °C for BSTN composite ceramics. The activation energy to setting up polarization in BSTN composite ceramics increases with the increase of the applied frequency.     

Effect of tantalum addition on microstructure and optical properties of TiN thin films

Titanium nitride thin films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering with various tantalum (Ta) concentrations (2, 4 and 8 at.%). The films were characterized using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) were used to observe the microstructure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the core level and the valence band of the films. It was found that the film with 2 at.% Ta is more reflective in the infrared range and more transparent in the visible region (selective behavior). The AFM showed smooth nanostructured surface for the film without Ta addition. It was found that the films with 2 at.% Ta presented relatively coarser grains with larger roughness and the reflectance are not controlled by the surface morphology. Also, this film presented higher electrical conductivity. HRTEM analysis showed that 2 at.% Ta addition gave rise to well crystallized films with elongated nanocrystallites in comparison with the films having 0, 4 and 8 at.% Ta contents.     

Effect of B2O3 addition on the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li2CoTi3O8 ceramics

The effects of B₂O₃ addition on the sintering behavior, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of the Li₂CoTi₃O₈ ceramics were investigated. The variations of microstructure and composition of Li₂CoTi₃O₈ ceramics were observed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The small amount of B₂O₃ addition could not only effectively lower the sintering temperatures, but also reduce the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ _f ) of Li₂CoTi₃O₈ ceramics. The Li₂CoTi₃O₈ ceramic with 2.0 wt% B₂O₃ addition sintered at 900 °C exhibits good microwave dielectric properties with a ε _r of 26.6, a Q × f value of 21,300 GHz and a small τ _f of 1.78 ppm/°C. Moreover, B₂O₃-added Li₂CoTi₃O₈ ceramic has a chemical compatibility with silver, which makes it a promising ceramic for LTCC technology application.     

BN含量对多孔BN/Si3N4陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以氮化硅(Si₃N₄)为基体, 氮化硼(BN)为添加剂, 叔丁醇为溶剂, 采用凝胶注模成型与无压烧结工艺(温度为1750 ℃、保温时间为1.5 h、流动N₂气氛), 成功制备出具有一定强度和低介电常数的多孔BN/Si₃N₄陶瓷。在浆料中初始固相含量固定为15%体积分数的基础上, 研究了BN含量对多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷材料的气孔率、物相组成及显微结构的影响, 分析了抗弯强度、介电常数与结构之间的关系。结果表明, 通过改变BN含量可制备出气孔率为55.1%~66.2%的多孔Si₃N₄陶瓷; 多孔BN/Si₃N₄复合陶瓷的介电常数随着BN含量的增加而减小, 为3.39~2.25; 抗弯强度随BN含量提高而有所下降, BN质量分数为2.5%时, 抗弯强度最高, 为(74.8±4.25) MPa。     

ZnO掺杂对CLST微波介质陶瓷烧结及介电性能的影响

研究了烧结助剂ZnO对CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2(简写为CLST)系微波介质陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能的影响.结果表明:ZnO的添加能有效地降低CLST陶瓷的烧结温度至1150℃.掺杂2wt%ZnO的CLST陶瓷取得了较好的介电性能:εr=84,tanδ=0.009,τf=-15ppm/℃.     

Effect of phosphor doping on the microstructure and dielectric properties of barium titanate ceramics

The effect of phosphor doping on the sintering behaviour, microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ has been investigated. Diisopropyl phosphinate is added to high-purity BaTiO₃ powder prepared by the wet chemical method with a final amount of 0.14 wt.% P₂O₅ with respect to the BaTiO₃. Phosphor-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics with a high density and uniform grain size have been produced by using wet processing and pressureless sintering without any binder. A scanning electron microscope, thermometric analysis, X-ray diffraction and an impedance analyser have been used to determine the microstructure as well as the dielectric properties. The phosphor cations can form a liquid phase belonging to the ternary system BaO-TiO₂-P₂O₅, leading to the formation of BaTiO₃ ceramics with high density at low temperature. Phosphor-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics with a high density of 96% D_th are obtained by sintering at 1200°C with a soaking time of 2 h. The dielectric constants of samples sintered at 1150 and 1200°C are as high as 6100 and 5500, respectively; the Curie temperature of samples decreases with decreasing sintering temperature. Doping with a small amount of phosphor can improve the sintering and dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ ceramics.     

Effect of powder structure on microstructure and electrical properties of plasma-sprayed 4.5 mol% YSZ coating

Electrolyte coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying were prepared by 4.5 mol% ytrria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders manufactured by agglomerate-sintered (A-S) and fusing-crashed (F-C) processes. Microstructure of the powders and the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity of the coatings was investigated using both impedance spectroscopy and DC methods. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of coating prepared with A-S powder was lower than that with F-C powder. It was found from the impedance analysis that both the grain and grain boundary resistances were large in the coating formed by A-S powder. This fact resulted from deposition of partially melting of spray particles. A model was proposed to explain the effect of powder structure and melting state on the coating microstructure and properties.     

The effect of zirconium addition on the microstructure and properties of chopped carbon fiber/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon composites containing zirconium were prepared using chopped carbon fiber, mesophase pitch and Zr powder by the traditional process including molding, carbonization, densification and graphitization. The influence of Zr on the microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated. Results show that Zr can improve the interface bonding, promote more perfect and larger crystallites and enhance the conductive/mechanical properties of the composites. The high in-plane thermal conductivity of 464 W/(m K) and excellent bending strength of 83.6 MPa was obtained for a Zr content of 13.9 wt% at heat treatment temperature(HTT) of 2500 °C. However the conductive/mechanical properties of the composites decrease dramatically for an higher HTT of 3000 °C. SEM micrograph of the fracture surface for the composites shows that lower disorder crystallite arrangement of fiber and carbon matrix come into being in the composites during HTT of 3000 °C, which should be responsible for the low properties. Correlation between the content of Zr and the microstructure and properties are discussed.