对奥巴马政府能源新政的多维透视

分析了美国奥巴马政府的能源政策及其对世界能源生产、消费和能源发展趋势可能产生的影响,指出,中国应对奥巴马政府能源新政战略构想的系统性、深刻性和前瞻性予以高度关注,提出了中国能源发展战略的10项建议。     

油气能源物流储备库群协同发展的财税政策研究

"一带一路"给我国的油气发展带来了战略机遇,同时也引发了我国关于油气储备库群协同发展的财税政策思考。首先,文中介绍了我国油气能源物流储备库群的涵义及发展现状,指出我国现有的油气能源物流储备库财税政策的缺陷;其次,文中介绍了油气能源物流储备库群上下游供应链体系的流程结构,并根据供应链的流程分析油气能源物流储备库群的协同发展策略;最后,针对我国油气能源物流储备发展的财税现状,分别提出了健全油气能源物流储备库群财政补贴政策和重构与完善油气能源物流储备库群税收政策。     

美国推出54亿元清洁能源减税政策

<正>为了推动清洁能源的发展、提高就业,美国政府日前宣布了一项总额达54亿美元的减税政策,希望借此创造数万个就业岗位,以实现奥巴马政府在未来三年内将可再生能源生产翻番的目标。此举有望刺激私人投资,为制造业提供加150亿美元资金。美国各大制造业集团,如美     

美国的话不可信

《能源》2011年第6期“美国新能源政策现拐点？”一文中说，美国能源部停止对新能源设施贷款担保申请，源自于美国政府对传统能源的重视，坐拥如此庞大的油气资源储备。美国自然不必像欧洲人一样将能源安全全部寄托在非常昂贵的可再生能源上。但美国却与中印等国签订合作协议，美此举是希望利用新兴国家的资金和财政收入。     

关于有效保障我国能源安全的探讨

针对近年来我国能源对外依存度特别是石油对外依存度快速攀升,指出未来能源进口面临供求矛盾突出、市场价格波动风险加剧、资源竞争激烈等不利因素.提出了为维护我国能源安全,必须从开源和节流两大方面采取多项措施:加快常规油气资源勘探开发、大力开发非常规油气资源、积极发展多元化油气替代、扩大清洁能源应用规模、优化产业结构和布局、全面推进节能提效、着力加强用能管理.     

世界能源地缘政治格局与中国面临的挑战

基于对全球能源资源分布和生产消费格局的探讨,本文提出全球油气资源、生产与油气产品消费的错位,是能源地缘政治基本特征,并认为能源供应心脏地带、内需求月型地带、外需求地带,以及将这些国家联系在一起的能源战略枢纽国家,共同构成了当今的世界能源地缘政治版图。探讨了美国、俄罗斯、日本、印度和伊朗等国的能源地缘政治战略,并剖析了中国能源地缘政治的特征。本文从油气出口国、进口国和运输通道三个方面剖析了中国能源地缘政治面临的挑战。     

美国、日本和欧盟国家的石油政策及其能源战略

美国、日本和欧盟的发达国家,在石油政策和能源战略上既有共同之处,又各有特色和侧重.观察这些国家的能源政策尤其是石油天然气政策,对中国的能源政策的调整不无裨益. 这些西方发达国家的能源结构中均是石油占主导地位,所以能源问题主要是石油问题.这些国家的能源政策往往也以确保石油的安全稳定供应为基础,而石油政策都是立足于各国自身的油气资源禀赋来制定的.     

乌兹别克斯坦能源消费结构特征及比较分析

自独立以来,乌兹别克斯坦政治相对稳定,经济发展取得较大成就,能源消费呈现总量相对充裕,但增长乏力,结构极不平衡,分析认为,主要是资源禀赋、能源地缘政治、发展战略、区位条件、产业政策等方面因素导致了乌兹别克能源消费结构的刚性,特别是能源地缘政治策略的选择制约了消费总量需求和结构的可塑性。结合中国油气资源自给率及保障形势进行比较分析,可为中国的能源政策、特别是能源地缘政治和产业发展策略带来一定启示。     

国际

正美国:拟大幅削减化石能源研发投入美国能源部长朱棣文近日表示,奥巴马政府计划大幅削减化石燃料的研发投入,并将关闭两家研究机构,明年政府预算将提出大幅增加清洁能源投入的建议。美国能源部下属化石能源办公室的经费将缩减4.18亿美元,幅度达45%,包括取消     

典型国家可再生能源政策演变研究

选取美国、德国、日本和中国作为典型国家,分析这些国家可再生能源政策的演化。分析结果表明：可再生能源政策取向与这些国家应对气候变化的战略密切相关,发展可再生能源已经成为能源低碳转型和应对全球气候变化的重大战略举措;尽管这些国家可再生能源政策各异,但却具有共同的演变规律,可再生能源政策正在从以政府主导的财税价格政策转向市场化政策体系。结合典型国家政策体系和我国可再生能源发展中存在的问题,提出了促进我国可再生能源持续健康发展的政策建议。     

奥巴马政府能源新政及潜在影响

本文分析了奥巴马能源新政的背景,并提出这一能源新政的实质是美国要摆脱石油依赖和重视构建低碳、清洁能源体系;提出这一能源新政在碳排放贸易、世界石油供需格局和能源技术革命3方面对我国有较大的潜在影响。     

Power sector scenarios for Thailand: An exploratory analysis 2002–2022

Power sector scenarios for Thailand are constructed in this paper to represent the range of opportunities and constraints associated with divergent set of technical and policy options. They include Business-As-Usual (BAU), No-New-Coal (NNC), and Green Futures (GF) scenarios over a 20-year period (2002–2022). The results from the BAU scenario show that fossil fuels will continue to dominate electricity generation in Thailand during the study period. Similar results are obtained for the NNC option, although the dependence shifts from coal and oil towards natural gas-based power generation. This may represent a better environmental pathway but an all out shift from coal to natural gas is likely to increase Thailand's dependence on imported fuel, making it more vulnerable to unstable global oil and gas prices. The GF scenario offers a more optimistic route that allows the country to confront its energy security dilemma whilst fulfilling its environmental commitments by giving renewable energy technologies a prominent place in the country's power generation mix. Over the study period, our result showed little difference between the three scenarios in terms of financing new generation plants despite an early misgiving about the viability of an ambitious renewable energy programme. This paper also goes beyond the financial evaluation of each scenario to provide a comparison of the scenarios in terms of their greenhouse gas emissions together with the comparative costs of emissions reductions. Indeed, if such externalities are taken into account to determine ‘viability’, the GF scenario represents an attractive way forward for the Thai power sector.     

金融危机冲击与俄罗斯能源政策调整

愈演愈烈的国际金融危机给俄罗斯带来巨大冲击。俄罗斯经济陷入衰退、金融形势迅速恶化、实体经济遭遇冲击、债务负担异常沉重,俄罗斯油气行业也风光不再。在严峻挑战面前,俄罗斯对能源政策进行调整,采取多种措施继续推进“能源超级大国”的构建。对内以多种手段减轻俄罗斯油气公司负担,维系、培育企业的生存力与竞争力;对外根据新的形势调整能源外交策略,维系海外能源利益,提升能源大国地位。     

Modeling a clean energy standard for electricity: Policy design implications for emissions,supply, prices,and regions

The electricity sector is responsible for roughly 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, and a reduction in CO₂ emissions from electricity generation is an important component of the U.S. strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Toward that goal, several proposals for a clean energy standard (CES) have been put forth, including one espoused by the Obama administration that calls for 80% clean electricity by 2035 phased in from current levels of roughly 40%. This paper looks at the effects of such a policy on CO₂ emissions from the electricity sector, the mix of technologies used to supply electricity, electricity prices, and regional flows of clean energy credits. The CES leads to a 30% reduction in cumulative CO₂ emissions between 2013 and 2035 and results in dramatic reductions in generation from conventional coal. The policy also results in fairly modest increases on national electricity prices, but this masks a wide variety of effects across regions.     

Energy prices,volatility, and the stock market: Evidence from the Eurozone

This paper constitutes a first analysis on stock returns of energy corporations from the Eurozone. It focuses on the relationship between energy market developments and the pricing of European energy stocks. According to our results, oil price hikes negatively impact on stock returns of European utilities. However, they lead to an appreciation of oil and gas stocks. Interestingly, forecastable oil market volatility negatively affects European oil and gas stocks, implying profit opportunities for strategic investors. In contrast, the gas market does not play a role for the pricing of Eurozone energy stocks. Coal price developments affect the stock returns of European utilities. However, this effect is small compared to oil price impacts, although oil is barely used for electricity generation in Europe. This suggests that for the European stock market, the oil price is the main indicator for energy price developments as a whole.     

A new optimization approach to energy network modeling: anthropogenic CO2 capture coupled with enhanced oil recovery

To meet next generation energy needs such as wind‐ and solar‐generated electricity, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), CO₂ capture and storage (CCS), and biofuels, the US will have to construct tens to hundreds of thousands of kilometers of new transmission lines and pipelines. Energy network models are central to optimizing these energy resources, including how best to produce, transport, and deliver energy‐related products such as oil, natural gas, electricity, and CO₂. Consequently, understanding how to model new transmission lines and pipelines is central to this process. However, current energy models use simplifying assumptions for deploying pipelines and transmission lines, leading to the design of more costly and inefficient energy networks. In this paper, we introduce a two‐stage optimization approach for modeling CCS infrastructure. We show how CO₂ pipelines with discrete capacities can be ‘linearized’ without loss of information and accuracy, therefore allowing necessarily complex energy models to be solved. We demonstrate the new approach by designing a CCS network that collects large volumes of anthropogenic CO₂ (up to 45 million tonnes of CO₂ per year) from ethylene production facilities and delivers the CO₂ to depleted oil fields to stimulate recovery through EOR. Utilization of anthropogenic CO₂ has great potential to jumpstart commercial‐scale CCS while simultaneously reducing the carbon footprint of domestic oil production. Model outputs illustrate the engineering challenge and spatial extent of CCS infrastructure, as well as the costs (or profits) of deploying CCS technology. We show that the new linearized approach is able to offer insights that other network approaches cannot reveal and how the approach can change how we develop future energy systems including transporting massive volumes of shale gas and biofuels as well as electricity transmission for wind and solar energy. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

传统油气企业发展新能源产业基本模式初步研究

传统油气企业是新能源产业发展的重要力量,其在新能源发展上的实践也是丰富多样的。通过考察6家国内外著名油气企业发展新能源产业的状况,对传统油气企业发展新能源产业的基本模式和影响因素进行初步研究。总体来看,传统油气企业发展新能源产业大体有独立发展、建立战略联盟和资本运作三种模式,影响其发展新能源产业的因素主要包括所在国的政策偏好以及企业自身的发展历史、技术创新能力和企业发展目标。尽管油气企业发展新能源产业取得了很大进展,但由于新能源产业尚不够成熟,油气企业发展新能源基本上属于试水阶段,稳定性还不是很强。传统油气企业发展新能源产业的程度、领域以及模式存在较大差异,这些差异背后既有内在原因,也有其经济合理性。不能对传统油气企业发展新能源有过高期待,新能源要在短时间内成为重要能源可能性不大。油气企业要制定科学的新能源发展战略,重点是在技术创新上下功夫,在降低成本、提高产品使用效果上取得根本性突破。     

美国清洁能源产业发展战略及对我国的政策启示

美国奥巴马政府把发展清洁能源产业作为战胜危机、占领经济制高点的法宝。本文介绍了美国清洁能源产业发展的重点领域,政府为支持清洁能源产业发展采取的战略举措,并针对我国的现状提出了政策建议。     

Global energy security and the implications for the EU

The following article will analyse the global and geopolitical dimensions of the future international energy security and its implications for Europe and the EU-27. In this context, I will discuss to which extent the EU's newly proclaimed “Energy Action Plan” of the EU Spring summit of 2007 and its declared common energy (foreign) policy are a sufficient strategy to cope with the new global and geopolitical challenges. The article concludes the following: (1) The interlinkage between globally designed traditional energy security concepts – that rely just on economic factors and “market-strategies” – and domestic as well as regional political stability demands new thinking with regard to both energy supply security and foreign and security policies. (2) Although after the Russian–Ukrainian gas conflict in January 2006, energy security has forced its way up the European energy and foreign policy agendas, the EU-27 member states have largely failed to forge a coherent European energy security and energy foreign policy strategy after their Spring summit of 2007 because its declared political solidarity has been still lacking. But the 2nd Strategic Energy Review of November 2008 has recommended new initiatives to overcome this lack by promoting concrete infrastructure and other projects for enhancing Europe's supply security and its political solidarity as part of a common energy (foreign) policy. If the EU is able to implement the March 2007 and November 2008 decisions, the EU oil and gas demand will drastically reduce and freeze at current levels. In this case, Putin's energy policies by using Russia's energy resources and pipeline monopolies as a political instrument to enforce its economic and geopolitical interests will be proved as self-defeating in Russia's long-term strategic interests. It will reduce Gazprom's gas exports to a much smaller EU gas market than originally forecasted as the result of a deliberate EU policy of decreasing its overall gas demand and by diversifying its gas imports.