2004年1月-11月美国拒绝产品进口统计

为保证消费者有足够的食品信息来源，内窖更全面的食品营养标签法规最近被编入了澳大利亚食品标准法典。     

美国食品包装标签中的NUTRITION FACTS

NUTRITIONFACTS的中文字面意思是”营养事实” ,习惯上称作为”营养成份”。在美国 ,所有食品的包装标签中除了对所包装的食品作通常的说明 (如名称 ,重量 ,构成 ,保质期 ,食用方法 ,生产单位 ,条码等 )外 ,不同的是 ,标签中还包含了营养成份的说明 ,以便人们根据其营养”事实”来选购食品种类。这是美国营养标签教育法规 (NLEA) [1] 所规定的。1　美国食品包装标签中营养成份说明举例图 1～图 6是美国的几种不同食品的包装标签上的营养成份实例。图 1　鸡蛋包装标签上的营养成分(上为原文 ,下为译文 ,后同。)　　营养成份 :1杯奶 (…     

欧洲委员会将制定维生素和矿物质食品添加物法规

目前 ,欧洲委员会已经发布了一个法规初步草案建议 ,其目的是通过保证志愿性食品营养添加物和其他物质不对公众健康产生任何危害 ,从而加强对整个欧共体消费者的保护。该建议也将有助于保证这种产品在欧共体内自由流通。这个建议对成员国有关强制性的措施法规不产生影响。此外 ,它不能用于特殊营养所用的食品 ,例如 ,婴儿食品配方 ,新食品、新食品原料或食品添加物。标签、陈述和广告作为一个草案 ,建议规定了许多有关加了维生素和矿物质的食品标签、陈述和广告的条款。·第二组营养标签(包括能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、糖、脂肪、饱和、纤…     

我国将全面推行食品营养标签制度

据报道,《预包装食品营养标签通则》将于2013年1月1日正式施行,这标志着我国全面推行食品营养标签管理制度,对指导公众合理选择食品,促进膳食营养平衡,降低慢性非传染性疾病风险具有重要意义。《预包装食品营养标签通则》规定,预包装食品应当在标签上强制标示四种营养成分和能量("4+1")含量值及其占营养素参考值百分比,"4"是指核心营养素,即蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钠,"1"是指能量。标准还对其他营养成分标示、营养声称和营养成分功能声称等作出了具体规定。     

美国的食品营养标签

中国即将开始强制标注"食品营养标签"。实际上,世界上多数国家和地区早已实施这一制度,所以有媒体把这个法规称为"迟到十年的营养标签"。在评价这个规定的具体内容之前,先介绍一下美国的"营养标签与教育法案",简称NLEA。在1990年代之前,美国的食品也不要求营养标签。随着人们对饮食健康的关     

数字PCR法在食品检测标准物质研制中的应用

食品检测标准物质是保证食品检测量值溯源性、互认性和准确性的测量标准,其研制需要精准的定值方法。数字PCR法是灵敏、准确和抗基质干扰强的核酸绝对定量方法,已在医疗诊断、转基因检测和动物疫病检测等众多领域广泛应用。对数字PCR法进行介绍,综述其在转基因食品检测、动植物源性分析和食源性致病菌检测标准物质研制中的研究进展,以期为食品检测核酸标准物质的研制提供参考。     

加强对“黑饭盒”治理工作

新的，内容更加全面的标签法规最近编入了澳大利亚食品标准法典以保证消费者有足够的信息。在新的法典中，食品标签的要求更加提高，涉及的面更加广泛，例如，对花粉、对某些医药品有过敏反应、规定的营养、以及成分的百分比，都要在标签上表达出来。消费者对他们吃的食品的成分和营养价值这些重要信息都要了解。     

输美散装食品的标示要求

根据1990年美国FDA实施的营养标签及教育法案规定,输往该国非供零售的散装食品,毋须遵守营养标签规定。不过,假如这些食品在美国经重新包装后推出零售,则必     

食用农产品营养标签标准法规国际现状与分析

食用农产品标注营养成分可以为消费者选择提供一定依据,也可以引导生产者更加关注营养品质,但是鉴于食用农产品非匀质等限制因素,目前我国相关强制标准对于食用农产品标注营养标签还处在豁免状态。基于此,本文系统综述了国际食品法典、美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚新西兰、日本等国际组织和发达国家关于食用农产品标注营养成分的标准、法规。本文为我国制定食用农产品营养标签相关标准与法规提供了重要的参考依据。     

Q＆A有问有答

Q：2012年8月13日,卫生部召开例行新闻发布会,通报食品安全国家“十二五”规划和预包装食品营养标签标准有关情况。营养标签能告诉我们什么？ A：卫生部新闻发言人邓海华在发布会上指出,《预包装食品营养标签通则》将于2013年1月1日起正式施行,这标志着我国将全国推行食品营养标签管理制度。     

Species-specific GC/ICP-IDMS for trimethyllead determinations in biological and environmental samples

An accurate and sensitive species-specific isotope dilution GC/ICPMS method was developed for the determination of trimethyllead (Me3Pb+) in biological and environmental samples. A trimethyllead spike was synthesized from 206Pb-enriched metallic lead by reaction of lead halide with methyllithium and subsequent formation of trimethyllead iodide. The isotopic composition of the spike solution was determined by GC/ICPMS after derivatization with tetraethylborate, and its concentration was determined by reverse isotope dilution analysis. The species-specific GC/ICP-IDMS method was validated by reference material CRM 605 (urban dust) certified for Me3Pb+. The method was also applied to determine the Me3Pb+ content in six biological reference materials (DORM 2, CRM 278, CRM 422, CRM 463, CRM 477, MURST-ISS-A2) and one sediment reference material (CRM 580) for which no certified values of this species exist. The Me3Pb+ concentrations in the biological reference materials vary in the range of 0.3-17 ng g(-1) (as Pb) except for the Antarctic Krill (MURST-ISS-A2), where the concentration was less than the detection limit of 0.09 ng g(-1), which was also found for the sediment. Up to 20% of total lead was methylated in the biological reference materials, whereas much higher methylation fractions were found for mercury. The method was also applied to seafood samples purchased from a supermarket with Me3Pb+ concentrations in the limited range of 0.3-0.7 ng g(-1). On the contrary, the portion of methylated lead in these samples varied over more than 2 orders of magnitude from 0.02 to 7.5%.     

低温烹饪与传统膳食的营养与安全特性

本文以馒头为例,分析了我国传统低温烹饪膳食在营养与安全方面的特点,并提出实现馒头等食品的营养成分和品质特征的稳定、均一,需要工业化生产中实现原料选择、工艺配方、生产流程,以及产品营养成分的检测和标识等全环节、全过程的标准化。     

Development and evaluation of a candidate reference measurement procedure for the determination of progesterone in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is involved in regulating female reproductive processes. Its concentration in blood is measured to determine ovarian function. A candidate reference measurement procedure for progesterone in human serum involving isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and critically evaluated. The progesterone along with its internal standard (progesterone-13C2) was extracted from the serum matrix using liquid-liquid extraction prior to reversed-phase LC/MS/MS. The accuracy of the measurement was evaluated by a comparison of results of this method on a lyophilized human serum reference material for progesterone [Certified Reference Material (CRM) 347] with the certified values determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) reference methods and by a recovery study for the added progesterone. The results of this method for progesterone agreed with the certified value within the uncertainty of the measurements for the CRM 347. The recovery of the added progesterone ranged from 100.1 to 100.9%. This method was applied to the determination of progesterone in frozen serum samples from three individual female donors with the progesterone concentrations ranging from 0.151 to 24.42 ng/g. Excellent reproducibility was obtained with within-set coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 0.1 to 1.4%, and between-set CVs ranging from 0.3 to 0.5%. Excellent linearity was also obtained with correlation coefficients of all linear regression lines (measured intensity ratios vs mass ratios) ranging from 0.9998 to 1.0000. The detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 3 was 1.8 pg of progesterone. This well-characterized LC/MS/MS method for serum progesterone, which demonstrates good accuracy and precision, low susceptibility to interferences, and comparability with GC/MS reference methods, qualifies as a reference measurement procedure that can be used to provide an accuracy base to which routine methods for progesterone can be compared and that will serve as a standard of higher order for measurement traceability.     

超高压技术在低温食品中的应用

采用超高压技术产生的高压速冻、高压解冻和不冻冷藏三者结合,可以使食品的冷冻保藏进入一个全新的时代,这样既可以保持产品的质地、风味和营养价值,又有抑菌作用。它为不适合传统常压冷冻保藏的高水分食品如果蔬、豆腐等的冷藏开辟了一条新途径,也为提高肉禽水产等多种低温食品的质量展示了良好前景。本文综述了超高压技术在低温食品中作用的基本原理及研究进展。     

Simultaneous extraction and catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurement of Cr(VI) in solid samples

A fast, simple, sensitive and economical method for Cr(VI) extraction and determination in solid samples was developed and evaluated. The presented protocol for Cr(VI) determination in solid samples allows for simultaneous extraction and determination of Cr(VI) in one step. The procedure is based on a quantitative extraction method in which the complexing properties of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were exploited to extract total Cr(VI) (soluble and insoluble forms) from the solid sample. A catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric technique is employed for direct determination of Cr(VI) in the extract. The effects of analytical parameters such as temperature, pH, composition and concentration of the supporting electrolyte (which simultaneously plays the role of extractant), extraction and accumulation time were investigated. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was tested by analyzing certified reference materials CRM 013 Paint Chips and CRM 019 Ash. The results obtained were compared with the results obtained using two other reference extraction procedures. The effects of potentially interfering ions which generally accompany Cr(VI) in natural samples on the Cr(VI) determination, with special notice to Cr(III) interference, are reported.     

Sorption Phenomena in Packaged Foods: Factors Affecting Sorption Processes in Package–Product Systems

Sorption process can readily occur from many foods. The sorption behaviours result in loss of food quality and shelf life of the packaged foods by altering the aroma compound profile. Although the intensity of the aroma of a packaged foodstuff depends on the vapour pressure, the interaction of the volatile organic moieties with other food constituents and the aroma barrier characteristics of the package, the nature of the aroma is also imperative in determining the extent of sorption. Sorption properties are largely determined by packaging characteristics, flavour molecules properties, food matrix composition and environmental conditions. The chemical composition, chain stiffness, morphology, polarity and crystallinity of the polymer influence flavour absorption as much as the chemical composition, concentration and polarity of the flavour compounds, as well as the presence of other chemical constituents. External factors such as duration of storage, relative humidity, temperature and the presence of other food components can also affect the solubility of aroma compounds in packaged foods. Factors relating to both chemical and physical structure of flavour, food and packaging influence the degree of sorption and also the sorption pattern. Sorption from the packaged foods is of major concern in the selection and use of plastic packaging materials for food packaging. The present review highlights some of the major factors influencing the sorption process. The scientific principles related to sorption are reviewed and distinguished. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phenyl- and butyltin analysis in small biological samples by cold methanolic digestion and GC/MS

A very efficient technique for the analysis of six butyl- and phenyltin compounds in biota samples has been developed. No special equipment is needed for sample preparation, which is based on cold methanolic digestion with subsequent aqueous ethylation and liquid-liquid extraction. For samples of only 40 mg of biological materials, method detection limits ranging from 4 to 52 ng/g were achieved using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Relative recoveries for the individual butyl- and phenyltins, referring to perdeuterated organotin analogues as internal standards, ranged from 96 to 107%. Organotin concentrations in insect larvae (Chironomus riparius) and a reference mussel tissue (CRM 477) were determined with excellent precision (RSD <5%), and the measured butyltins in CRM 477 were in good agreement with the certified values. Comparison with accelerated solvent extraction confirmed high accuracy, and application for a bioconcentration experiment with phenyltins demonstrated the robustness and suitability of the method for routine analyses. The procedure allows fast, reliable, and simple determination of organotin compounds in low-size biological samples, which was demonstrated for bioconcentration experiments.     

Recommendation Algorithm Based on Probabilistic Matrix Factorization with Adaboost

A current problem in diet recommendation systems is the matching of food preferences with nutritional requirements, taking into account individual characteristics, such as body weight with individual health conditions, such as diabetes. Current dietary recommendations employ association rules, content-based collaborative filtering, and constraint-based methods, which have several limitations. These limitations are due to the existence of a special user group and an imbalance of non-simple attributes. Making use of traditional dietary recommendation algorithm researches, we combine the Adaboost classifier with probabilistic matrix factorization. We present a personalized diet recommendation algorithm by taking advantage of probabilistic matrix factorization via Adaboost. A probabilistic matrix factorization method extracts the implicit factors between individual food preferences and nutritional characteristics. From this, we can make use of those features with strong influence while discarding those with little influence. After incorporating these changes into our approach, we evaluated our algorithm’s performance. Our results show that our method performed better than others at matching preferred foods with dietary requirements, benefiting user health as a result. The algorithm fully considers the constraint relationship between users’ attributes and nutritional characteristics of foods. Considering many complex factors in our algorithm, the recommended food result set meets both health standards and users’ dietary preferences. A comparison of our algorithm with others demonstrated that our method offers high accuracy and interpretability.     

低比表面积标准物质的研制

选择商品化的Al2O3颗粒作为低比表面积标准物质候选材料,利用交叉缩分方法对标准物质样品进行分装。经均匀性、稳定性(12个月)检验,标准物质样品具有良好的均匀性和稳定性。采用国际公认的氪气物理吸附BET方法,通过与德国BAM标准物质BAM-PM101比较测量的方式对标准物质样品进行定值(0.221 m2/g)。与国内外同类标准物质比较表明,研制的低比表面积标准物质GBW(E)130365填补了国内空白,其相对不确定度(5.9%)达到国际同类标准物质的先进水平。     

Development and evaluation of a reference measurement procedure for the determination of estradiol-17beta in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Estradiol is the most potent natural estrogen and is derived from the ovaries. Its concentration in blood is measured to determine ovarian function. A reference measurement procedure for estradiol in serum involving isotope-dilution coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and critically evaluated. A deuterated estradiol (estradiol-d3) was used as an internal standard. The estradiol and its internal standard were extracted from serum matrix using solid-phase extractions and derivatized with dansyl chloride prior to reversed-phase LC/MS/MS. The accuracy of the measurement was evaluated by a comparison of results of this reference method on lyophilized human serum reference materials for estradiol [Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) 576, 577, and 578] with the certified values determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) reference methods and by a recovery study for the added estradiol. The results of this method for estradiol agreed with the certified values within the uncertainty of the measurements for the three CRMs. The recovery of the added estradiol ranged from 100.7 to 101.8%. This method was applied to the determination of estradiol in frozen serum samples from three individual female donors. Excellent reproducibility was obtained with within-set coefficient of variations (CVs) ranging from 0.6 to 2.2% and between-set CVs ranging from 0.2 to 0.4%. Excellent linearity was also obtained, with correlation coefficients of all linear regression lines (measured intensity ratios vs mass ratios) ranging from 0.998 to 1.000. The detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 3 was 0.6 pg of estradiol (or 1 ng/L, as expressed as a concentration). This well-characterized LC/MS/MS method for serum estradiol, which demonstrates good accuracy and precision, low susceptibility to interferences, and comparability with GC/MS reference methods, qualifies as a reference measurement procedure that can be used to provide an accuracy base to which routine methods for estradiol can be compared and that will serve as a standard of higher order for measurement traceability.