高产平衡施肥—钾肥对甜菜产质量的影响

本文采用系统研究法,研究了钾肥对甜菜产量及含糖的影响。通过平衡施肥,钾肥能提高甜菜质量,施KCl增产29.2％,含糖增加了38.6％;施K_2SO_4增产20.5％,含糖增加了28.8％。Cl~-对甜菜生长有一定的促进作用。在哈尔滨地区的薄层黑土上N:P_2O_5:K_2O的配比为2.5:2:2.4。     

K_8[Zn(H_2O)W_(11)CoO_(39)]/PANI掺杂材料的制备、表征及光催化活性

采用直接法合成了Keggin结构的三元杂多酸盐K_8[Zn(H_2O)W_(11)CoO_(39)],利用化学氧化法合成了聚苯胺掺杂的多金属杂多酸盐掺杂材料K_8[Zn(H_2O)W_(11)CoO_(39)]/PANI,并用UV-Vis、IR、XRD、SEM-EDS等对其组成和结构进行了表征。以所合成的掺杂材料为催化剂,在紫外灯下照射100 min,研究了孔雀石绿溶液的光催化降解反应。结果表明,当孔雀石绿的初始质量浓度为5mg/L、催化剂用量为0.08 g、溶液pH=2时,催化脱色效果最佳。此时,当催化剂为K_8[Zn(H_2O)W_(11)CoO_(39)]/PANI时,孔雀石绿溶液的脱色率可达85.30%;当催化剂为K_8[Zn(H_2O)W_(11)CoO_(39)]时,孔雀石绿溶液的脱色率为48.73%;当没有催化剂时,孔雀石绿溶液的脱色率为22.97%。杂多酸盐掺杂聚苯胺的掺杂材料具有非常好的光催化活性。     

酒精废液、滤泥与氮、磷配合施用的肥效试验

甜菜施用酒精废液、滤泥对甜菜生育有良好的肥效反映,增产增糖效果明显。为了明确其与氮、磷配合施用效果,一九八四年进行了此项试验研究,试验结果如下。试验概况酒精废液是新中国制糖厂提供的未浓缩原液,K_2O含量约为0.7％。滤泥为范家屯制糖厂提供的干滤泥,其含Ca量为32％,含有机物15％,固形物c中含P_2O_51.7％,N0.9％以及少量的K_2O。化肥为磷酸二铵,含N18％、含P_2O_546％。供试甜菜品种为“范育一     

新疆不同产地甜菜块根中元素含量的主成分和聚类分析

综合比较、评价新疆不同产区甜菜的质量。通过对新疆5大产区甜菜块根品质相关的元素(K、Na、B、N、P、Mg、Fe、Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu)的测定,以上述11个成分的含量为指标,运用相关性、主成分(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)法对不同产地的34个甜菜进行综合质量评价研究。结果表明,不同产地甜菜中元素含量有明显差异,K、Na、B、N、P、Mg、Fe、Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu的平均含量分别为:2821.1、710.0、19.8、4855.2、736.9、2362.1、58.7、2590.1、58.7、602.0、18.7 mg/kg;主成分分析得出一个3因子模型,解释了试验数据的79.45%;第1、2主成分的方差累积贡献率达67.23%;PCA和CA分析将34个甜菜样品划分为5类,在一定程度上体现了甜菜样品的亲缘关系和地域分布特征。通过测定若干元素含量数据,利用PCA和CA清晰地揭示了新疆甜菜不同产地的规律性和差异性。     

甜菜与矿质元素

一、甜菜体内的矿质元素及其生理功能甜菜体内含有:大量的氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)和钾(K_2O);少量的钙(CaO)、硫(SO_2)、矽(SiO)和氯(Cl);以     

甜菜纸筒育苗移植高产栽培技术的研究

1983年在海伦县碳酸盐草甸土地区,以双丰303品种为试村,对纸筒育苗移栽甜菜所做的五因素五水平正交试验结果表明:该类型在3月25日育苗,亩保苗3174株(0.7×0.3m~2),每亩施15斤N、30斤P_2O_5、20斤K_2O.均为各项因素的最佳水平。本试验优秀组合是: 组合1——育苗期 3月3日;密度 70×30Cm~2;施氮量 15斤/亩(N);施磷量35斤/亩(P_2O_5);施钾量 15斤/亩(K_2O);亩产糖量 853斤。组合2——各因素指际依次为3月25日、70×25Cm~2 30斤、20斤、20斤、851斤。组台3——各因素指标相应为3月15日、70×30Cm~2 25斤,30斤 20斤、838斤。     

甜菜施用微量元素试验

甜菜是需肥量较大的作物，除大量元素外，尚需多种微量元素，施肥的种类和数量不同，直接影响甜菜的生长发育和生理机能，从而影响甜菜的产量和质量。本试验是在宁夏引黄灌区进行的甜菜施用微量元素试验，旨在为甜菜的营养平衡施肥提供参考依据。l材料和方法1．l材料供试的微量元素为硼酸、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、银酸接、硫酸亚铁。甜菜品种为宁甜双优1号。1．2方法1．2．1试验处理：A硼酸、代号（B），％O浸种n小时；B．硫酸锰、代号（Mn），Zffe浸种12小时；C．硫酸锌、代号（Zn），Zffe浸种12小时；D．钻酸按、代号（Mo），lffe浸种12小…     

钾和钠的需要

钾和钠这两种矿物质肥料,在有机的土壤中增产效果很大,向土壤中施用NaCl对增加糖甜菜产量,在很多地方相当于追施K_2O的效果。每英亩施用K_2O268.8英磅胜过每英亩施135.6英磅没有附加NaCl的效果。根据试验不存在向播种床附近施用NaCl而损害土壤结构的问题,关于施用量可分析土壤组织结构中可代换的钾当作一个     

纳米ZnO/TiO_2复合体系的制备及应用

利用纳米Zn O对纳米Ti O2表面进行修饰,采用直接混合法和分步沉淀法制备物质的量比为9∶1的Zn O/Ti O2复合粉体,用XRD、EDS、SEM、TEM等进行表征,比较不同方法制备的纳米复合物的结构与性能差异,分析其对紫外光、紫外-可见光及可见光下光催化活性的影响。结果表明,直接混合法可得到较为规则的棒状或球状Zn O/Ti O2-1,颗粒较清晰、均匀,颗粒大小为20~40 nm;分步沉淀法得到的Zn O/Ti O2-2复合物颗粒,形成Ti O2包覆Zn O的壳核结构,且包覆较好,Ti O2与Zn O接触比较充分,利于提高最大吸收波长。纳米Zn O/Ti O2复合物紫外吸收边带发生了红移,Zn O/Ti O2-1带隙能为3.01 e V,Zn O/Ti O2-2带隙能为2.95 e V,使其在可见光下也可以被激发产生光催化活性。三者的催化活性顺序为:Zn O/Ti O2-1Zn O/Ti O2-2Ti O2。     

不同甜菜品种对Zn吸收性能的差异与其产质量的关系

试验研究了4个甜菜品种对Zn吸收能力的差异及其与产质量的关系,结果表明:(1)品种间Zn含量因测定期和器官不同存在差异,差异较明显的是:在6月1日和8月21日,甜菜叶丛中以农大甜研4号和包育302的Zn含量最高,其余时期KWS0143的Zn含量最高;(2)甜菜体内Zn的累积量随着生育进程逐渐增加,生育过程中农大甜研4号和KWS0143的累积量偏多.(3)全生育期内甜菜体内的Zn含量与干物质、产量和含糖率均呈负相关关系,而Zn的累积量与干物质、产量和含糖率均呈正相关关系.(4)KWS0143和农大甜研4号的产量较高,包育302和农大甜研4号含糖率较高.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the