某些聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂EO数的红外光谱测定法

本文观察了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚及月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚随环氧乙烯基（ＥＯ）数目（ｎ）的改变其红外光谱的变化规律，并研究了聚氧乙烯链长的红外光谱方法，采用液膜法制样和光密度比值与ｎ值的线性回归法求ＥＯ数，此法可快速简便地测得平均乙氧基化程度且结果可靠。     

聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂自动氧化反应研究

聚氧乙烯非离子表面活性剂贮存阶段，在一定条件下发生自动氧化反应。反应过程ＰＨ值降低，表面张力，浊点下降。     

废水中聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂含量的测定

介绍用改进的硫氰酸然分光光度法测定废水中聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂的含量，讨论了不同实验条件对测定结果的影响，以及十二烷基苯磺酸阴离子（ＡＢＳ）对测定的影响及消除方法。     

聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的稳定-硫氰酸钻分光光度法

用苯萃取聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂与硫氰酸钴所形成的络合物,然后用紫外分光光度法测定聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂.检测范围为0.1～5mg/L.本法测定速度快,准备度好,灵敏度高,受阴离子表面活性剂扰小.     

松香聚氧乙烯酯非离子表面活性剂的毒性研究

采用毒性对比试验评价新型松香聚氧乙烯酯非离子表面活性剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性,实验结果显示:自制松香聚氧乙烯酯的毒性约为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯酯AEO-9和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚TX-10的1/10,表明其是一种低毒、安全的表面活性剂。     

聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂在化妆品中的应用

综述了阴离子、阳离子、非离子、特殊类、高分子以及双子类聚氧乙烯型表面活性剂在化妆品中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能初探

烷基苯酚类聚氧乙烯和聚甘油脂表面活性剂是感光材料制造过程中常用的非离子表面活性剂。先后寻找和制备了 4种不同结构的非离子表面活性剂 ,同时研制开发 2种含氟非离子表面活性剂 ,一起进行表面性能测试。结果表明 ,聚甘油脂型非离子表面活性剂性能较好。     

几种光谱方法(FTIR、FT-Raman,NMR)在橡胶分析中的应用

综述了傅里叶变换红外光谱 ,傅里叶变换拉曼光谱以及核磁共振波谱在橡胶结构的定性、定量分析中的应用     

Determination of peroxide value by fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy

A Fourier transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) method originally designed to determine the peroxide value (PV) of triacylglycerols at levels of 10–100 PV was improved upon to allow for the analysis of PV between 0 and 10 PV, a range of interest to the edible oil industry. The FT-NIR method uses convenient disposable glass vials for sample handling, and PV is determined by spectroscopically measuring the conversion of triphenylphosphine (TPP) to triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) when reacted with hydroperoxides. A partial-leastsquares calibration was developed for 8 mm o.d. vials by preparing randomized mixtures of TPP and TPPO in a zero-PV oil. The method was validated with samples prepared by gravimetric dilution of oxidized oil with a zero-PV oil. It was shown that the American Oil Chemists’ Society primary reference method was quite reproducible (±0.5 PV), but relatively insensitive to PV differences at lower (0–2) PV. The FT-NIR method on the other hand was shown to be more accurate overall in tracking PV, but slightly less reproducible (0.9 PV) due to working close to the limit of detection. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the FT-NIR method could be improved upon through the use of larger-diameter vials combined with a detector having a wider dynamic range. The proposed FT-NIR PV method is simple to calibrate and implement and can be automated to allow for routine quality control analysis of edible fats and oils.     

Determination of anisidine value in thermally oxidized palm olein by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with transmission cell is described to predict anisidine value of palm olein. The calibration set was prepared by mixing the thermally oxidized palm olein and the unoxidized palm olein with certain ratios (w/w) covering a wide range of anisidine values. A partial least square (PLS) regression technique was employed to construct a calibration model. This model was further accomplished by a validation step. The standard error of prediction found was 0.51. The precision of this method was shown to be comparable to the accuracy of the American Oil Chemists’ Society method used for measurement of anisidine value, with coefficient of determination (R ²) of 0.99. The study showed that mid-band FTIR spectroscopy combined with a PLS calibration technique is a versatile, efficient, and accurate technique for the estimation of anisidine value of palm olein within about 2 min with less than 2 mL of sample.     

Rapid and direct lodine value and saponification number determination of fats and oils by attenuated total reflectance/fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A simple, rapid and reproducible method of determining the iodine value (IV) and saponification number (SN) for fats and oils was developed with an attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and commercially available triglycerides as calibration standards. Partial least squares was used to determine the spectral regions correlating with the known chemical IV and SN values, and the calibration set was augmented with additional standards generated by spectral co-adding techniques. The calibration model obtained was used to analyze commercially available fats and oils with a wide range of IV and SN values, and the results were compared to the values obtained by American Oil Chemists’ Society methods. With the spectrometer calibrated and programmed, IV and SN results could be obtained within 2–3 min per sample, a major improvement over conventional wet chemical methods.     

High Fraction of Penta‐Coordinated Aluminum and Gallium in Lanthanum–Aluminum–Gallium Borates

This study is focused on structural changes induced by increasing treatment temperature of sol‐gel–derived La₂O₃?Al₂O₃?Ga₂O₃?5B₂O₃ system. The structure of samples heated for 30 min up to 900°C was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS‐NMR) analysis of ²⁷Al, ¹¹B, and ⁷¹Ga nuclei. The vitreous structure is preserved inclusively after 800°C treatment, and starting with 850°C the only crystalline phase evidenced in XRD patterns is of LaAl_2.03B₄O_10.54 type, of La(Al,Ga)_2.03B₄O_10.54 composition. The FTIR results point out the presence of BO₃, AlO₄, and AlO₆, and starting with 800°C treatment also of BO₄ and AlO₅ structural units, but more detailed information related to boron, aluminum, and gallium environments is obtained from the analysis of MAS‐NMR data. These data evidenced in both amorphous xerogels and in crystallized samples a high fraction of penta‐coordinated aluminum and gallium.     

Determination of solid fat index by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A unique and rapid Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method for the determination of solid fat index (SFI) of fats and oils was developed, which is capable of predicting the SFI profile of a sample in approximately two minutes, without the need for tempering. Hydrogenated soybean oil samples (n=72), pre-analyzed for SFI by dilatometry, were melted and their FTIR spectra acquired using a 25 μm NaCl transmission flow cell maintained at 80°C. Approximately half the samples were used for calibration, with the balance used as validation samples. Partial least squares (PLS) calibrations were developed from selected spectral regions that are associated with thecis, trans, ester linkage and fingerprint regions of the spectrum and related to the dilatometric SFI values obtained at 50, 70, 80, and 92°F. The calibrations were initially optimized and cross-validated by using the “leave one out” approach, with the accuracy and reproducibility of the calibration models assessed by predicting the validation samples. The overall cross validation accuracy of the PLS calibration models was in the order of ±0.71 SFI units over the four temperatures. Week-to-week validation accuracy and reproducibility was determined to be ±0.60 and ±0.38 SFI units, respectively, the reproducibility being within the specifications associated with the dilatometric reference method. To facilitate routine “on-line” FTIR analyses, a Visual Basic program was written to drive the spectrometer, prompt the user to load the sample, calculate, and print the SFI values determined from the PLS calibrations. As structured, the FTIR method has the potential to serve as a viable substitute for the traditional dilatometric SFI method, with the elimination of the tempering step reducing analysis time from hours to minutes. The FTIR approach should also be applicable to the determination of solid fat content if calibrated against solids data obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance.     

Measurement of transference numbers for lithium ion electrolytes via four different methods, a comparative study

We report here on comparative measurements of cationic transference numbers of some lithium battery related electrolytes including lithium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate in blends of ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate, as well as lithium difluoromono (oxalate) borate in an ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate blend via four different methods. Whereas three electrochemical methods yield transference numbers decreasing with concentration in accordance with electrostatic theories, valid for low to intermediate concentrations of the electrolyte, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements show increasing transference numbers with increasing concentration. The discrepancy is attributed to effects of ion–ion and ion–solvent interaction.