基于卡尔曼滤波的木材含水率在线估计

为解决木材干燥过程木材含水率检测精度低的问题,提高木材干燥的自动控制水平,针对以含水率为基准的干燥过程,提出了应用卡尔曼滤波进行木材含水率在线估计方法。为验证该方法的有效性：首先建立了基于含水率基准加入高斯噪声数据集的卡尔曼估计模型,并在此模型基础上对实验测得的数值进行了在线估计和比较,结果表明卡尔曼滤波方法具有较好的估计精度。     

上海某环保企业危险废物信息管理系统设计

针对危险废物管理中企业对信息化发展的需要,使用过程建模技术建立管理系统。该系统可以将危险废物产生、运输、贮存、处置全过程进行数据监管,具有数据一致性、较强的可追溯性以及具有界面友好、操作方便、实用性强等技术特点。     

自动车辆识别与装车系统研究

针对煤矿汽车装车过程中司机频繁下车交票、进出控制室造成的车辆通行慢、效率低、人为作弊等问题,设计了适合汽车运输、计量、装车的自动车辆识别和装车系统。该系统实现了对运输车辆的监测管理、自动识别、连续装车、自动记录等功能,缩短了装车辅助时间,提高了煤矿运输效率和安全度。     

基于物联网技术的危化品运输监控与管理平台

针对现有的危化品运输监控系统重监管轻服务,多头监管,以及事故处理低效的问题,提出利用多元物联网感知技术、姿态综合分析技术、数据挖掘与报表分析技术、电子地图技术、多用户权限管理技术等,实现新的监控管理平台,满足安全(事故预防、事故处理和事故分析)、企业管理(日常监控、驾驶行为管理、营运分析)及政府监管(数据维护、协同审批、实时监管)等多方面的需求。该平台提高了危化品运输过程的安全性,促进企业经济效益,并实现了政府各部门监管的协同性和高效性。     

基于小波包的木材含水率在线检测*

木材含水率是调控干燥过程的关键参数,其测量的准确性直接影响到木材干燥质量的好坏、干燥成本的高低、机器干燥周期的长短。木材干燥过程中,木材含水率的在线检测受多种因素影响（检测电路的噪声干扰,多种环境因子间的交叉灵敏度等）。针对以上问题,提出了一种小波包消噪的处理方法,分别利用小波和小波包两种方法对木材含水率测定值进行特征提取。仿真结果表明,小波包分析具有较好的滤波效果。     

车辆(集装箱)的自动识别管理

车辆(集装箱)自动识别管理(AVIM)系统的核心技术是射频识别(RFID)技术,它已广泛应用于车辆和集装箱的管理,包括海关车辆监管、小区或重要部门的门禁、出租车稽查、火车(车箱)及集装箱的监管.例如深圳、大连、晖春、重庆、成都、天津等地海关,采用AVIM系统对海关卡口进出车辆进行监管;资阳住宅小区和石家庄军事学院采用AVIM系统,对进出大门的车辆进行自动识别管理;大连港集装箱码头采用AVIM系统,对进出卡口的集装箱车辆进行管理;在广州,采用AVIM系统对出租车进行稽查管理,自动识别无营运证的出租车.     

基于LSSVM的木材干燥建模研究

针对木材干燥过程的强非线性特点,提出以最小二乘支持向量机LSSVM建立木材干燥基准模型.通过实验用小型木材干燥窑实际干燥过程中采集的数据作为训练样本进行仿真实验,结果表明基于LSSVM的木材干燥模型预测输出能够准确反映干燥过程木材含水率的变化,模型结构简单、预测精度高、泛化能力强,验证了LSSVM对木材干燥过程建模是一种可行而有效的方法.     

GA—BP网络在木材干燥过程建模中的应用

木材干燥是一个复杂的非线性系统，由于木材结构复杂且具有多样性和变异性，很难建立一个理想的符合木材干燥过程的数学模型。利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力优化BP神经网络连接权值系数，分别用BP和GA—BP两种算法建立了木材干燥基准模型。对比结果表明：GA—BP算法建立木材干燥基准模型提高了期望误差精度和收敛速度，避免了BP算法陷入局部极小值．预测平均误差为1．0413％，具有较好的预测精度。     

GA-BP网络在木材干燥过程建模中的应用

木材干燥是一个复杂的非线性系统,由于木材结构复杂且具有多样性和变异性,很难建立一个理想的符合木材干燥过程的数学模型。利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力优化BP神经网络连接权值系数,分别用BP和GA-BP两种算法建立了木材干燥基准模型。对比结果表明:GA-BP算法建立木材干燥基准模型提高了期望误差精度和收敛速度,避免了BP算法陷入局部极小值,预测平均误差为1.0413%,具有较好的预测精度。     

木材干燥微机控制系统

目前,国内小型木材干燥 系统普遍存在的主要问题是:①缺少必要的监测手段,难以合理调整热力工况;②热量供需无计量,运行管理无依据;③运行方式不合理,热效率低。 木材干燥微机控制系统是解决上述问题的一项应用研究成果。该系统的特点是,木材干燥不用蒸汽,无需喷水,采用密封加热,以木材自身蒸发的水分保证工艺需要的湿度,由常压热水炉代替蒸汽炉,所以,投资省,能耗低。由于采用了计算机,因此,通用性强、标准化程度高、工作可靠,变人工监测与人工操作为自动监测与自动控制,减轻了操作人员的劳动强度,提高了工作效率。     

Influence of forest machine function on operator exposure to whole-body vibration in a cut-to-length timber harvester

The influence of machine function (tree felling and processing, and machine movement over the terrain) on operator exposure to whole-body vibration in a cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvester was evaluated. Vibrations were measured on the seat and the cabin chassis in three orthogonal (x, y, z) axes for the tree felling and processing, and during motion on a test track. It was found that the level of vibration transmitted to the operator during felling and processing was mainly affected by the tree size (diameter). For tree diameter at breast height (dbh) range of 0.25 – 0.35 m that was investigated, the vertical (z-axis) vibration component during processing increased by up to 300%, and increased by 50% during felling. However, the associated vibration levels were not sufficient to pose any serious health risks to the operator for an exposure limit of 8 h. Vibration at the operator seat and cabin chassis was predominant in the lateral (y-axis) and vertical (z-axis) respectively, during vehicle motion over the standard test track. Vibration peaks of approximately 0.20 and 0.17 ms^?2 occurred at 5 and 3.2 Hz respectively.     

Influence of forest machine function on operator exposure to whole-body vibration in a cut-to-length timber harvester

The influence of machine function (tree felling and processing, and machine movement over the terrain) on operator exposure to whole-body vibration in a cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvester was evaluated. Vibrations were measured on the seat and the cabin chassis in three orthogonal (x, y, z) axes for the tree felling and processing, and during motion on a test track. It was found that the level of vibration transmitted to the operator during felling and processing was mainly affected by the tree size (diameter). For tree diameter at breast height (dbh) range of 0.25-0.35 m that was investigated, the vertical (z-axis) vibration component during processing increased by up to 300%, and increased by 50% during felling. However, the associated vibration levels were not sufficient to pose any serious health risks to the operator for an exposure limit of 8 h. Vibration at the operator seat and cabin chassis was predominant in the lateral (y-axis) and vertical (z-axis) respectively, during vehicle motion over the standard test track. Vibration peaks of approximately 0.20 and 0.17 ms(-2) occurred at 5 and 3.2 Hz respectively.     

机车定位管理系统在常村煤矿的应用

针对煤矿运输领域信息化程度较低的现状,常村煤矿引进了机车定位管理系统。文章介绍了该系统在常村煤矿的系统布局及软硬件设计,重点阐述了该系统实时监测、跟踪定位、快速调度、物流管理及查询统计等功能的实现。实际应用表明,该系统实现了井下车辆、货物的电子交接,极大地提升了矿井机车及物资在运输过程中的全面信息化跟踪与管理。     

Modeling alternative zoning strategies in forest management

To satisfy public demands for environmental values, forest companies are facing the prospect of a reduction in wood supply and increases in costs. Some Canadian provincial governments have proposed intensifying silviculture in special zones dedicated to timber production as the means for pushing out the forest possibility frontiers. In this paper, we compare the traditional two‐zone land allocation framework which includes ecological reserves and integrated forest management zones with the triad — a three‐zone scheme which adds a zone dedicated to intensive timber production. We compare the solutions of the mixed‐integer linear programs formulated under both land‐allocation frameworks. We explore through sensitivity analysis the conditions under which the triad regime can offset the impact on timber production from increased environmental demands. We show that under the realistic conditions characteristic to Coastal British Columbia, higher environmental demands may be satisfied under the triad regime without increasing the financial burdens on the industry or reducing its wood supply. This occurs, however, only if regulatory constraints in timber production zone are flexible.     

基于GIS的森林资源现状分析

以安徽省东至县梅城林场森林资源为例,以Mapinfo4.0和Viewgis2.0为GIS软件平台,建立梅城林场森林资源管理信息系统,利用该系统可以实现森林资源的准确查询、修改、统计和分析及其结果的可视化;同时可以实现森林资源的动态监测,为提高森林资源管理水平提供科学依据。     

基于树木相对位置关系的多时相机载激光雷达人工林点云匹配

人工林资源的精准监测是提升人工林培养质量、可持续经营管理水平及准确估测人工林碳储量的前提。使用机载激光雷达可获取高精度的森林冠层结构信息,然而,只有在同一森林区域获取多期激光雷达点云并进行精准匹配的基础上,才能有效实现人工林资源的动态监测。针对人工林树种单一、排列规整,缺乏纹理特征等特点,基于树木的相对空间关系,创建了一种高鲁棒性的多期机载激光雷达人工林点云匹配算法。首先,利用地面点进行z轴配准,并对两期点云进行单木分割,获取树位置和高度信息,并根据树木水平及垂直方向的相对关系提取单木匹配特征;其次,建立合适的相似度函数,结合单木匹配特征构造加权二分图模型,并使用最大权匹配算法得到两期树木对应关系;最后,使用奇异值分解求解最优变换矩阵,完成配准。通过在江苏省沿海典型人工林研究区（主要树种为杨树和水杉）进行试验验证,结果表明：该匹配算法在水杉和杨树的典型样地中配准效果均较好,其中水杉样地（配准后RMSE=42.5 cm）配准结果优于杨树样地（配准后RMSE=58.8 cm）。该算法能够有效提升多期机载激光雷达人工林点云的匹配精度,并为人工林的动态监测（特别是单木尺度的砍伐和生长等信息获取...     

GIS在交通信息管理系统中的应用

主要介绍了GIS在交通信息管理系统中的应用，利用MapObjects实现交通数据的实时显示，为交通管理人员提供形象直观的交通信息，提高管理水平。     

Estimation of timber volume and stem density based on scanning laser altimetry and expected tree size distribution functions

Laser scanners of small footprint diameter and high sampling density provide possibility to obtain accurate height information on the forest canopy. When applying tree crown segmentation methods, individual single trees can be recognised and tree height as well as crown area can be detected. Detection of suppressed trees from a height model based on laser scanning is difficult; however, it is possible to predict these trees by using theoretical distribution functions. In this study, two different methods are used to predict small trees. In the first method, the parameter prediction method is utilised with the complete Weibull distribution, the parameters of which are predicted with separate parameter prediction models; thus, small trees are determined from the predicted tree height distribution. In the second method, the two-parameter left-truncated Weibull distribution is fitted to the detected tree height distribution.The results are presented by using timber volume and stem density as predicted stand characteristics. The results showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) for the timber volume is about 25% when using only information obtained from laser scanning, whereas the RMSE for the number of stems per ha is about 75%. Predictions for both characteristics are also highly biased and the underestimates are 24% and 62%, respectively. The use of the parameter prediction method to describe small trees improved the accuracy considerably; the RMSE figures for estimates of timber volume and number of stems are 16.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The bias for the estimates is also decreased to 6.3% for timber volume and 8.2% for the number of stems. When a left-truncated height distribution is used to predict the heights of the missing small trees, the RMSEs for the estimates of timber volume and number of stems are 22.5% and 72.7%, respectively. In the case of the timber volume, the reliability figures for both the original laser scanning-based estimates and for the estimates that also contain small trees are comparable to those obtained by conventional compartment-wise Finnish field inventories.     

城市智能交通管理指挥系统分析与设计

智能交通管理指挥系统作为智能型的交通控制、管理和决策系统，可以有效地控制交通设施，给交通使用者提供有用的信息，保障其安全、便利地通行，它有着广泛的应用和发展前景。从城市智能交通管理指挥系统的概念着手，提出了基于信息处理和信息共享的智能交通管理指挥系统的基本构成及其功能结构图，并对系统建设当中涉及的关键技术问题进行了分析。     

Mapping forest vegetation using Landsat TM imagery and a canopy reflectance model

Estimates of mean tree size and cover for each forest stand from an invertible forest canopy reflectance model are part of a new forest vegetation mapping system. Image segmentation defines stands which are sorted into general growth forms using per-pixel image classifications. Ecological models based on terrain relations predict species associations for the conifer, hardwood, and brush growth forms. The combination of the model-based estimates of tree size and cover with species associations yields general-purpose vegetation maps useful for a variety of land management needs. Results of timber inventories in the Tahoe and Stanislaus National Forests indicate the vegetation maps form a useful basis for stratification. Patterns in timber volumes for the strata reveal that the cover estimates are more reliable than the tree size estimates. A map accuracy assessment of the Stanislaus National Forest shows high overall map accuracy and also illustrates the problems in estimating tree size.