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大豆蛋白富含8种人体必需氨基酸,具有动物蛋白不可比拟的功能特性。但是大豆作为高蛋白的植物性食品嘌呤含量较高,制约着大豆制品的应用。对嘌呤与痛风的关系,食品中嘌呤的检测方法,嘌呤与蛋白质的关系,传统大豆制品及大豆蛋白中的嘌呤含量及其控制等,特别是经过深加工处理的大豆分离蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白的低嘌呤工艺进行了讨论。展望了大豆深加工制品如大豆分离蛋白和酸法大豆浓缩蛋白可为痛风病人提供低嘌呤、高蛋白食品的发展方向。 相似文献
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1大豆蛋白制品产业存在的问题当今,在欧美市场上,大豆食品种类增加到万余种。各种大豆食品随处可见,如大豆汉堡、大豆热狗、大豆蛋糕、大豆冰淇淋、大豆奶酪、大豆饮料、大豆奶、大豆烘烤食品等。中国在大豆蛋白制品的应用方面起步较晚,始于20世纪80年代初。中国生产的大豆蛋白(包括浓缩蛋白)90%以上为食用级的凝胶型产品,产品质量水平接近,即趋于同质化,这加剧了大豆蛋白厂之间的竞争。到目前为止,虽然国内大豆分离蛋白厂总的年设计生产能力达5万吨以上,但是国内大豆分离蛋白的生产工艺大同小异,产品品种单一,功能特性较差,质量较美国同类… 相似文献
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功能性大豆分离蛋白的制备 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
大豆分离蛋白是一种高纯度的大豆蛋白制品,蛋白质含量在90%以上。目前,国内外生产大豆分离蛋白主要以碱酸沉法为主。它可以控制和改变工艺流程中的温度,PH酸碱种类,前期处理和后期调整等手段生产功能特性各异的大豆分离蛋白。 相似文献
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大豆作为我国重要的粮食作物之一,具有较高的营养价值。凝胶性作为大豆分离蛋白重要的功能特性备受关注。大豆蛋白在产品中多用作多种配合物如水分子、糖类、脂质以及不稳定小分子活性物质的包埋载体,但大豆蛋白天然凝胶制品存在结构松散、成品率低等问题,极大地限制了其凝胶制品的应用与发展。本文从大豆分离蛋白凝胶形成机理进行解析,并对大豆蛋白构象及组成、多糖、脂质间的相互作用、离子强度等内在影响因素,以及物理、化学、生物等外部因素对凝胶形成产生的影响进行了深入探讨和系统分析,以期对今后大豆蛋白凝胶制品加工与利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本文首次对目前国内外常生产的几种大豆蛋白制品:大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白的氨基酸组分中蛋氨酸含量进行了分析,发现蛋氨酸在加工过程中,随不同制取工艺条件有工同程度的受损现象出现。对此受损原因,进行了探索,提出了蛋氨酸由于氧化作用生成氧化衍生物而受损,从而大大降低了大豆蛋白制品的营养价值;提出了有效蛋氨酸、失效蛋氨酸的专一测定方法,并论述了它们在营养上的价值。论文最后提出了减少加工过程中蛋氨酸受损的几点建议,可供工程师们制定适宜的制取工艺作参考。 相似文献
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我国大豆蛋白生产现状及前景展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大豆蛋白加工是最近10多年来我国大豆加工利用的新方向。其加工工艺和传统大豆加工工艺的区别在于大豆经过浸出法提取油脂后,豆粕在低温条件下脱除溶剂,大豆蛋白质基本不变性。利用此低温脱溶豆粕(俗称白豆片)可以进一步生产出大豆蛋白粉、大豆组织蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白等大豆蛋白产品。 相似文献
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大豆蛋白在面条中的应用研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了添加大豆蛋白粉、改性大豆蛋白粉(面条专用)、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白对面条品质的影响。结果表明,普通的大豆蛋白对面条品质有不良影响,但添加改性后的大豆蛋白粉,在6%的用量以内,对面团品质没有不良影响。 相似文献
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Nanubala Lakshmi Devi Sagaram Shobha Samer Ali Shaur Hulya Dogan Sajid Alavi 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(2):263-276
Sorghum is an important staple crop in semi-arid regions of Africa and India because of its drought tolerance. But low protein content and quality limit its widespread use. This project focused on developing sorghum-based extruded snacks. Results from preliminary lab-scale extrusion experiments were used to design a 2×5 factorial pilot-scale study. Two blends of sorghum flour and corn flour were prepared (6:1 and 5:2 w/w ratios) as the controls. Three different sources of protein—whey protein isolate, defatted soy flour, and mixed legume flour—were added to the sorghum/corn flour blends at 30%. A 50:50 blend of defatted soy flour and whey protein isolate was also added at 30% to the sorghum/corn flour blends. The resultant ten formulations were extruded on a pilot-scale twin-screw extruder to investigate the effects of sorghum/corn flour ratio and protein addition on product expansion, microstructure, mechanical properties, and sensory attributes. Expansion ratio of extruded product increased at the higher level of corn flour, and decreased with the incorporation of protein sources. Extrudates with defatted soy flour had a lower expansion ratio (5.3–5.4) than those with whey protein isolate (7.7–7.9), legume flour (7.1–9.9), or whey protein isolate-defatted soy flour (6.1–6.9). Extrudate microstructure, obtained by X-ray microtomography, corresponded well with expansion characteristics. Extrudates with defatted soy flour had the lowest cell diameter. Average crushing force (ranging from 40.9 to 154.87 N) was lower for extrudates with a higher level of corn flour. However, contrary to expectations, crushing force and crispness work both decreased with incorporation of protein sources. Consumer acceptability results showed that the addition of protein sources enhanced taste and overall acceptability of the extruded snacks, with the treatment sorghum/corn flour 5:2 and whey protein isolate-defatted soy flour as the protein source having significantly higher ratings than the other treatments. 相似文献
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Gabriela T Pérez Pablo D Ribotta María E Steffolani Alberto E León 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(3):455-463
BACKGROUND: Gluten and soy proteins interact as a consequence of dough mixing; however, there is no evidence of the effect of soy protein on gluten depolymerization. The aim of this study was to assess the depolymerizing effect of soy protein on gluten network after mixing and resting of mixed doughs. Therefore, the changes in glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content, protein composition and free sulfhydryl content were evaluated. RESULTS: The protein profile from gluten–soybean blends, obtained by multistacking SDS‐PAGE, showed differences when compared to gluten profile. Soy and gluten proteins were extracted together with SDS buffer, which showed that soy proteins remained associated to insoluble wheat proteins even after hand‐washing the dough to obtain gluten. GMP content was determined to analyze the effect of soy protein on GMP gel formation. Protein content of GMP obtained from flour mixes and doughs was increased by inactive soy flour because soy proteins became insoluble and precipitated together with GMP. Active soy flour decreased GMP content due to gluten depolymerization. CONCLUSION: Soy proteins were associated to wheat protein through physical interaction and covalent and non‐covalent bonds during mixing and resting. These interactions produced large and medium‐size polymers. This fact increased SDS solubility of insoluble gluten proteins, producing a weakening of the gluten network. Physicochemical status of soy protein in the product had a great influence on how wheat–soy proteins interact. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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大豆分离蛋白中的亚硝酸盐超声辅助提取分析方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大豆分离蛋白在肉制品、乳制品和面制品等食品中都具有广泛的应用,是一类重要的食品配料,因此其安全问题十分重要。而亚硝酸盐含量是食品安全控制的重要内容,作为配料的大豆分离蛋白是否含有亚硝酸盐以及亚硝酸盐的含量水平应该得到重视。实验发现,使用国标法中的分光光度法测定大豆分离蛋白中亚硝酸盐的含量,回收率较低,不到80%,这样会造成测定的不准确,不利于亚硝酸盐的含量监控。因此本研究利用超声波400W辅助提取,省去了样品于沸水浴中加热15min的步骤,对大豆分离蛋白中亚硝酸盐含量进行测定。实验结果表明,改进后的大豆分离蛋白亚硝酸盐超声波辅助提取方法回收率高(97.2%)、精密度好(相对标准偏差为2.5%),适合大豆分离蛋白中亚硝酸盐的测定。 相似文献
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本文研究了大豆浓缩蛋白(CSP)、7S和11S球蛋白的添加对小麦粉面团的粉质、糊化、水分分布、迁移等特性和对馒头质构及感官品质的影响。结果表明:添加CSP可使面团的稳定时间增加,弱化度减小,而添加7S和11S可使面团的稳定时间减小,弱化度增加;添加CSP、7S和11S混合粉面团的抗老化程度、持水性有强到弱依次为11S、7S、CSP;馒头的硬度、咀嚼性均有所降低,由大到小依次为CSP、7S、11S;添加3%的11S球蛋白的馒头形态、质构、口感、风味良好,感官评分最高(90分)。本研究可为CSP、7S和11S在馒头中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献