溶剂气浮法分离有机物稀溶液的研究进展

论述了溶剂气浮法在分离有机物稀溶液方面的研究现状,对其所涉及的工艺和工程等关键问题作了介绍,对近期在工业应用中的中试研究进行了论述。展望了利用溶剂气浮法分离有机物稀溶液的工业化应用前景和研究重点。     

离子液体分离体系的研究与发展

离子液体分离技术主要用于水中微量、痕量组分的分离与富集,也可用于水中有机污染物的去除,在许多方面优于传统的分离技术。离子液体分离技术的研究主要分为两个方向:离子液体双水相萃取技术和离子液体气浮溶剂浮选技术。综述了这两种技术的装置、影响因素、机理及应用,并指出了这两种技术的复合——离子液体双水相气浮溶剂浮选技术是今后的发展方向。     

溶剂气浮法分离甲基异丁基酮模拟废水

采用溶剂气浮法对含弱疏水性、有一定挥发性甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)的模拟废水(0.20%, j)进行了分离研究. 考察了气浮时间、氮气(N2)体积流速、油水相体积比、共溶质及表面活性剂等对MIBK溶剂气浮分离效率的影响,获得了各参数的优化结果. 结果表明,当N2流速为40 mL/min、油水相体积比为1:30、氯化钠浓度为0.50%(w)、乙醇浓度为1.0%(j)时,溶剂气浮法对模拟废水中MIBK的分离效率可以达到25%~30%左右,而表面活性剂对提高溶剂气浮分离效率作用非常有限,仅在-10%~5%范围内.     

十二烷基苯磺酸的溶剂气浮研究

本文研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸（LBS）的溶剂气浮回收动力学及热力学规律。通过测定不同温度及浓度下LBS的表面张力，得到了LBS在气－液界面的标准吸附表面自由能为－43.58kJ/mol。LBS的溶剂气浮过程符合一级动力学方程，表观速率常数k的值随气体流速升高而增加，随温度升高而升高，这表明LBS的气浮过程是受能阻控制的，并且计算得到其表观活化能Ea为8.11kJ/mol。研究表明物质的表面活性和气体流速是溶剂气浮过程的决定性因素，气浮过程是决定气浮分离过程的关键。     

溶剂萃取法分离提取硒碲的应用

综述溶剂萃取法分离提取硒碲的进展。     

高沸点溶剂对乙醇和水萃取精馏分离计算的影响

文中对乙醇和水分离的方法较为系统的介绍，重点研究高沸点溶剂对乙醇和水萃取精馏分离的影响，模拟乙醇和水萃取精馏结果为小塔设计及试验提供依据。     

利用胶质气体泡沫气浮Cu(Ⅱ)

引　言Ｓｅｂｂａ[1,2 ] 曾报道 ,表面活性剂水溶液在高速搅拌 (>50 0 0ｒ·ｍｉｎ- 1)下混合会生成直径为 10～ 10 0μｍ的微泡沫 (ｍｉｃｒｏｆｏａｍｓ) ,这些微泡沫由气体内核和一层薄皂膜组成 ,称为胶质气体泡沫 (ｃｏｌｌｏｉｄａｌｇａｓａｐｈｒｏｎｓ ,简称ＣＧＡ) .ＣＧＡ的气含率在 6 0 %～70 %之间 .ＣＧＡ不同于传统意义上的泡沫 ,具有胶体的性质 ,且可以用泵输送到设备中去 ,因此可以利用ＣＧＡ进行气浮分离 .近年来 ,许多研究者对ＣＧＡ的气浮分离开展了研究工作 .Ｊａｕｒｅｇｉ和Ｖａｒｌｅｙ[3] 以及Ｎｏｂｌｅ和Ｖａｒｌ…     

醋酸稀溶液的络合萃取

络合萃取法对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。本文以醋酸稀溶液为分离对象,通过系统的相平衡实验筛选出30 wt％三辛胺(或7301)+20 wt％正辛醇+50 wt％煤油混合溶剂。同时,探讨了叔胺类萃取剂对醋酸萃取的过程机理,研究了混合溶剂萃取稀醋酸工艺的可行性。     

稀土元素的分离技术

对目前稀土元素分离过程中几种常用的分离技术进行了综述，使用得较多的仍然是溶剂萃取法和离子交换法，而且新方法也在不断地出现。     

气泡直径对溶剂气浮分离废水中乙酸丁酯的影响

采用溶剂气浮法,以正壬烷为上层捕收溶剂,对0.40%(j)乙酸丁酯模拟废水进行分离,考察了气浮时间、气体流量、油水相体积比等对乙酸丁酯溶剂气浮分离效率的影响,特别是不同尺度气泡对溶剂气浮过程的影响. 结果表明,当油水体积相比为1:25时,平均直径为0.6 mm的气泡采用的通气流量为20 mL/min、平均直径为0.2 mm的气泡采用的气流量为1.67 mL/min的最终分离效率均可达60%,但分离时间、总气量及溶剂对水相的二次污染均有较大差别.     

溶剂浮选法在分析化学中的应用进展

溶剂浮选法是一种集富集与分离于一体的分析方法.近些年来,因其具有选择性高、分离效果好、富集倍数大等特点越来越受到关注.综述了溶剂浮选法在分析化学中的应用,主要介绍溶剂浮选法分离痕量金属离子、有机物以及分析中草药成分方面的研究,并对其在现有的应用领域的研究进展进行了探讨.     

泡沫分离设备的研究进展

作为一种新型分离技术,泡沫分离技术具有设备简单、能耗低、易于操作、低浓度条件下效率高和无污染等优点,该技术在降低表面活性物质分离成本方面具有极大的潜力,在工业上得到了广泛的应用。本工作分析了近年来文献报道中应用于分离回收蛋白质、有机污染物、天然产物、金属离子、微藻等的各种泡沫分离设备,并结合泡沫分离技术的发展历程将其分为传统泡沫分离设备和改进泡沫分离设备。重点阐述了改进泡沫分离设备的作用机理和分离效果,突显泡沫分离技术的重要性。改进型泡沫分离设备在一定程度上提高了分离效果,但依然存在一些问题,如很多设备在提高富集比的同时也降低了回收率。     

非泡沫气泡分离法回收青霉素生产废水中的乙酸丁酯

Two nonfoaming bubble separation techniques, air stripping and solvent sublation, are presented and discussed in order to recover butyl acetate (BA) from discharged wastewater after solvent extraction of penicillin. Results show air stripping is not suitable for the recovery of BA from the wastewater. Axial concentration of BA had a noted maximum point along the column. In contrast, solvent sublation is very effective to recover BA from the wastewater. In solvent sublation experiments, axial concentration of BA along the column first increased and then decreased from the bottom to the top because of two primary mass transport processes. One is the transport by adsorption or attachment to ascending bubbles, and the other is by dispersion at water-solvent interface and by water film in organic solvent layer. In order to elucidate the high removal efficiency in solvent sublation, the microstructure of the wastewater was studied with optic microscope, which was showed to be an emulsion of BA in water at large concentration of BA. Solvent sublation can be successfully used in the removal of BA from its emulsion in the wastewater. The surface tension of simulated solution composed of lysozyme and BA was studied to understand mutual effect of biological materials and BA. Results show that lysozyme affects the adsorption of BA at air-water interface and they may form a complex between BA and lysozyme molecules.     

Analysis of nonionic surfactants in bench-scale biotreater samples

The effluents and activated sludges used in benchscale biotreater units have been analyzed for nonionic alcohol ethoxylates and their residues. Separate bench-scale units were fed linear alcohol ethoxylates (AE), highly branched and branched nonylphenol ethoxylates. Effluents and sludges were first pretreated by a foam sublation technique to provide a gross separation of surfactants from the environmental matrix. This step was followed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with either fluorescence detection (FD) or evaporative light-scattering detection (ESLD). The AEs were derivatized with phenylisocyanate and analyzed by normal-phase HPLC coupled with FD. At extremely low surfactant levels, pretreatment of large sample volumes resulted in interferences on derivatization. Hence, a normal-phase HPLC method with ELSD was developed. Although some interferences do appear using ELSD, this method appears to be a more viable alternative to derivatization/FD for very low levels of AE. HPLC with FD and ELSD detection methods are more quantitative and provide information on the polyoxyethylene chain than is possible with traditional methods like cobalt-thiocyanate active substance. Presented at the 82nd AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, May 1991, Chicago, Illinois.     

Studies on the Use of Colloidal Gas Aphrons in Coflotation and Solvent Sublation Processes. a Comparison with the Conventional Technique

Abstract

The application of colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) in coflotation and solvent sublation processes has been studied. The advantages with respect to the results obtained by conventional techniques have been compared. In the solvent sublation of methyl orange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HTABr) in 2-octanol, yields higher than 95% are reached in 6–7 min; while in the conventional technique 20 min is necessary to obtain a little lower yield. In the coflotation of Cu with Fe(OH)₃ and HTABr, the separation percentage is higher than 95% in less than a minute in the absence of an induction time, which, on the contrary, amounts to 25 min in the conventional technique.     

泡沫分离法的应用与发展

综述了近年来泡沫分离法的研究进展,并对非泡沫分离,泡沫分离进行文献评述,主要介绍了泡沫分离在固体粒子,溶液中的离子,分子以及生物产品的分离方面的应用,指出了泡沫分离目前存在的问题及发展方向。     

泡沫分离技术在蛋白质多元体系分离中的应用

综述了泡沫分离蛋白质与糖,蛋白质与表面活性剂以及不同蛋白质的混合体系的研究进展,分析了泡沫分离技术在蛋白质分离中应用的前景并提出了需要解决的问题。     

红景天苷的溶剂浮选

建立了一种测定红景天苷的新方法,即采用溶剂浮选法分离富集红景天苷,用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.考察了浮选溶剂、试液pH、氮气流速、浮选时间及电解质NaC1等因素对浮选效果的影响,优选出最佳浮选条件.采用所述方法对不同前处理样品中红景天苷含量进行测定,样品加标回收率为99.71％～104.21％,RSD为1.6～2.21...