共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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追溯了Cherenkov效应和Cherenkov辐射材料的研究历史,重点介绍了曾成功用作Cherenkov辐射探测器的铅玻璃和立方氟化铅晶体的性能特点,并对目前正在研究的钨酸铋钠和重掺杂钨酸铅晶体进行了评述和讨论. 相似文献
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低温地板辐射采暖技术研究现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了低温地板辐射采暖的优越性,从理论模型分析、节能技术措施以及调节控制方法等方面阐述了我国对低温地板辐射采暖技术的研究现状.并介绍了项技术的应用方面的缺陷,及其改进措施. 相似文献
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本文从8个方面简要论述并介绍了国外辐射温度计的发展动向。 1.测量范围及检测器:高、中、低温的一般分法,日本钢铁厂使用的各种辐射温度计的比例,高、中、低温辐射温度计常用的检测器种类。 2.提高性能和加强功能:从数字化、精度及功能三个方面介绍了一些国外辐射温度计的性能。 3.附属设备与现场应用的关系:说明了附属设备在现场使用中的重要性,举例介绍热风炉测温的附属设备等。 4.向轻量化小型化发展:便携式为其一种发展方向,并介绍了国外最新的超小型便携式辐射温度计。 5.光导纤维的应用:利用光导纤维对辐射测温所带来的好处及应用。 6.专用仪表的研究:玻璃测温的特点及其波长的选择,并介绍了一种能预测农作物收获量的辐射温度计。扫描及热像图:简述了一维扫描及两维扫描的测温装置,并介绍了一种热像仪。关于微处理机的应用:指出微处理机的发展对辐射温度计可能带来的影响。最后提出了5点希望:1.努力提高辐射测温仪表的可靠性和精度。2.增加品种,使产品多样化。3.大力开展关键元件的研制工作,使之性能稳定并有互换性。4.尽力吸收各方面的先进技术,以发展辐射测温技术。5.注意推广和提高使用水平,使辐射测温能得到较快的发展。 相似文献
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辐射固化技术由于满足"4E"原则而被誉为绿色技术,在诸多应用领域都显示了自身的优越性,近年来在国内外得到了迅猛发展,特别是紫外/电子束(UV/EB)辐射固化技术在近年采都处于高速发展时期.为了让研究人员对辐射固化材料的研究有一个全面了解和系统认识,充分拓展辐射固化材料的应用领域,从辐照源、化学体系、固化机理、应用等方面综述了紫外线固化和电子束固化的共性及区别.简单介绍了我国辐射固化材料的发展状况,展望了辐射固化材料的发展前景,对辐射固化技术的发展方向提出了建议,希望能促进辐射固化材料的发展,造福于人类. 相似文献
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J. Csikai 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1989,280(2-3):233-250
This review outlines the present status of conventional and intense neutron generators and their utilization in basic research and technology. The following topics are discussed: output characteristics of neutron generators; status of microscopic and integral neutron nuclear data; nuclear levels and decay schemes; miscellaneous applications of neutron generators (activation and prompt radiation analysis, pulsed-neutron experiments, fast-neutron irradiation effects). 相似文献
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航天科技、核医学、核能工业和绿色建筑的发展对使用在辐射环境中的玻璃提出了越来越高的要求。玻璃在辐射环境中会发生微观结构变化和宏观性质改变,耐辐照玻璃是一种在高能射线或粒子辐照后可见光区透过率下降较小,能保持物理化学性能稳定的特种玻璃。阐述了玻璃的辐照效应研究现状,介绍了玻璃耐辐照改性的研究进展及挑战,并提出了值得关注的新趋势。 相似文献
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K. Mahendra Kavya K. Nayak Brian Jeevan Fernandes N. K. Udayashankar 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2018,29(22):18905-18912
Potassium oxalate oxalic acid dihydrate (KHO) single crystals were grown from solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. Crystals were optically characterized using UV–Vis and photoluminescence analysis. The gamma irradiation effects on KHO crystals were also studied optically and the results were analyzed to compare the effect of irradiation on the crystal lattice for different dosage. Structural variations were studied using powder XRD, FTIR and the results were examined to study the defect states created inside the lattice due to irradiation and the effect on the functional vibrations of the host crystal. Surface morphology of the crystal was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photo conductivity of the synthesized crystals were studied and analyzed to compare the photo response as well as the conductivity of the materials when subjected to irradiation. 相似文献
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Tungsten (W) has become the most promising plasma-facing material (PFM) in fusion reactor, and W still faces performance degradation caused by low-temperature brittleness, low recrystallization temperature, neutron irradiation effects, and plasma irradiation effects. The modification of W/W-based materials in terms of microstructure manipulation is needed, and such techniques to improve the performance of materials are the topics of hot research. Researchers have found that refining the grain can significantly improve the strength and the irradiation resistance of W/W-based materials. In this paper, novel approaches and technique routes, including the “bottom-up” powder metallurgy method and “top-down” severe plastic deformation method, are introduced to the fabrication of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials. The formation mechanisms of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials were revealed, and the nanostructure stabilization mechanisms were introduced. The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials were tested, and the irradiation behaviors and performances were studied. The mechanisms of their high mechanical properties and excellent irradiation-damage resistance were illustrated. This article may provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the design and development of high-performance novel nanocrystalline W/W-based materials. 相似文献
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用SEM和XRD技术测定和分析了不同超声波作用时间下Ti/SnO2 Sb2O3/PbO2电极材料的表面形貌和结构,应用循环伏安法研究了超声波作用时间对Ti/SnO2 Sb2O3/PbO2电极在1.0mol/LH2SO4溶液中的伏安特性的影响.实验结果表明:超声波作用于电极材料会对电极表面的形貌和结构产生影响;电极经超声处理20min后,其循环伏安峰电流与未经超声波作用时相比增加了近1倍;电极的电化学活性表面积随超声波作用时间的延长呈先增大后减小的趋势,在本实验中超声波作用时间为20min时,伏安电荷最大,即活性表面积最大. 相似文献
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文章简要介绍了我国核农学在诱变育种、核素示踪技术应用、食品辐照和辐射不育技术防治害虫等方面的研究成果和目前存在的主要问题,以及解决问题途径的思考与建议.文章认为我国的核农学正处在能否继续深入发展的关键时期,迫切需要通过加强学术创新和机制创新来提升我国核农学的发展速度与研究水平.文章强调我国核农学开展学术创新的重点应该是加强基础研究与应用基础研究,而支撑这个创新的关键点在于管理机制的创新. 相似文献
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SiC是一种宽带隙半导体材料,在高温,高频在,大功率,光电子及抗辐射等方面具有巨大的应用潜力,介绍了国外对该材料及其薄膜进行辐照的一些结果,并指出开展SiC及其薄膜辐照效应研究的重要意义,预测了其发展方向和应用前景。 相似文献
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The influence of ion irradiation on friction properties in vacuum of alumina ceramics was studied. The effects of irradiation fluence, ion energy, thickness of the modified layers and of the possible role of solid lubrication were analyzed. The tests performed under vacuum clearly show, that radiation damage-induced softening of the surface layer leads to significant, approximately two times, decrease of a friction coefficient. Further decrease of the friction force, down to about 1/3 of the initial value, was obtained when the implanted species revealed solid lubrication effect. The results obtained are discussed in the frames of theory of adhesive friction. 相似文献
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Lijun Wei Fang Han Lei Yue Hongxia Zheng Dan Yu Xiaohuan Ma Huifang Cheng Yu Li 《Microgravity science and technology》2012,24(5):335-344
The complex space environments can influence cell structure and function. The research results on space biology have shown that the major mutagenic factors in space are microgravity and ionizing radiation. In addition, possible synergistic effects of radiation and microgravity on human cells are not well understood. In this study, human immortal lymphoblastoid cells were established from human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the cells were treated with low dose (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2?Gy) cumulative 60Co ??-irradiation and simulated weightlessness [obtained by culturing cells in the Rotating Cell Culture System (RCCS)]. The commonly used indexes of cell damage such as micronucleus rate, cell cycle and mitotic index were studied. Previous work has proved that Gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45) gene increases with a dose-effect relationship, and will possibly be a new biological dosimeter to show irradiation damage. So Gadd45 expression is also detected in this study. The micronucleus rate and the expression of Gadd45?? gene increased with irradiation dose and were much higher after incubation in the rotating bioreactor than that in the static irradiation group, while the cell proliferation after incubation in the rotating bioreactor decreased at the same time. These results indicate synergetic effects of simulated weightlessness and low dose irradiation in human cells. The cell damage inflicted by ??-irradiation increased under simulated weightlessness. Our results suggest that during medium- and long-term flight, the human body can be damaged by cumulative low dose radiation, and the damage will even be increased by microgravity in space. 相似文献