钢渣矿相组成及其显微形貌分析

利用X射线衍射法分析了钢渣(缓冷渣、气淬渣、热焖渣)中主要矿物组成,采用金相光学显微镜观察了其各自的显微形貌,并且采用平行截线法分析了具有相同形貌特征相的晶粒度。结果表明,由于化学组成相近,缓冷渣、气淬渣和热焖渣的主要物相均为硅酸二钙、RO相和铁酸钙,以及少量硅酸三钙、f-CaO和f-MgO;在三类钢渣中,C3S为黑色板状晶体,C2S为黑色圆粒状与枝状晶,铁酸钙相多为灰色无定形状,并以连续的形式填充于其他物相中;铁镁相多数呈现白色无定形状,连续延伸于黑色相与灰色相中;高温段冷却强度对钢渣中各类典型矿物晶粒度的影响较大,呈现出冷却强度越高,矿相晶粒度越小的趋势,因此热焖渣矿物晶粒度最大、气淬渣矿物晶粒度最小、缓冷渣矿物晶粒度居中。     

EDTA络合滴定法测定钢渣中游离氧化钙

在测定钢渣中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量的实验中,选择乙二醇溶液浸取钢渣中游离氧化钙,用EDTA络合滴定法测定其含量。实验中分别考察了乙二醇萃取液用量、萃取温度和恒温振荡时间等对测定结果的影响,并选择已知含量的分析纯氧化钙来修正钢渣中游离氧化钙含量,进而消除溶液稀释及钢渣试样中含有的Fe2+、Al3+、Mn2+等二价金属氧化物相(RO相)对测定结果产生的影响。测定了不同渣系中f-CaO含量,普通钢渣f-CaO含量约为6.95%;气淬渣不同粒径时游离氧化钙含量差异较大:粒径≥2 mm的f-CaO含量为6.82%,粒径为1~2 mm的f-CaO含量为2.63%,粒径为0.6~1 mm和0.15~0.6 mm的f-CaO含量分别为1.85%与1.65%;热焖渣与水淬渣中f-CaO含量低,其值分别为0.55%与0.65%。测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)均≤3%,符合测定标准。     

抑制AOD不锈钢渣粉化的试验研究

针对AOD不锈钢渣冷却过程中产生严重粉化扬尘问题,通过研究不锈钢渣冷却过程中的粉化机理,采用配加硼质改性剂抑制粉化扬尘技术,即在出渣过程中加入0.6%～1.0%质量分数的硼质改性剂,降低不锈钢钢渣的黏度和熔化温度,促使渣中游离氧化钙(f-CaO)熔解,与SiO2形成不易粉化的β-硅酸二钙(β-C2S),防止了渣中α′-C2S向γ-C2S的转变,有效抑制了AOD不锈钢渣冷却过程中的粉化扬尘,改善了周边环境。     

影响鞍钢转炉渣安定性的矿物相研究

由于鞍钢转炉钢渣存在体积安定性不良等问题,严重制约了钢渣的再利用途径和范围。采用扫描电子显微镜的X射线能谱仪等手段观察了鞍钢转炉渣的矿物形貌,测定了矿物的元素成分,并对不同时期转炉渣中f-CaO与f-MgO的含量进行化学分析,以明确f-CaO、RO相和f-MgO等对钢渣安定性的影响规律。结果表明:1)鞍钢转炉钢渣中主要矿物相为C2S、铁铝钙、镁铁相固溶体和少量C3S、f-CaO与f-MgO;2)鞍钢转炉渣中RO相的主要组织为镁铁相,质量分数为10%~20%,MgO/FeO的典型比例约为1∶2;3)鞍钢转炉渣f-CaO质量分数为2.08%~7.79%,f-MgO质量分数为0.16%~0.41%;4)微观形貌和化学分析结果均证明鞍钢转炉钢渣安定性的主要影响因素为f-CaO含量;5)游离氧化镁的单相组织极少,对转炉渣的安定性影响主要取决于RO相。     

改性钢渣气淬行为对消解f-CaO的影响

以钢渣为研究对象,选取不同掺量(0%、15%、25%、35%)的高炉渣对其调质重构并进行高温气淬,研究气淬行为和重构渣对消解f-CaO的影响。结果表明:气淬行为利于消解钢渣中f-CaO,并且气淬完全的钢渣粒度越小,消解效率越好;经过XRD和矿相分析,发现钢渣经过气淬之后,矿相成分为玻璃质物相,以及RO相、硅酸二钙、方镁石等。     

不锈钢风淬渣非平衡凝固晶相偏离评价

不锈钢渣的风淬法处理是一种快速的非平衡冷却凝固过程。为了探究不锈钢风淬渣的结晶行为,通过Factsage计算钢渣平衡凝固过程,利用X射线衍射法分析AOD炉不锈钢风淬渣的主要矿物组成,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了其各自的微观形貌和分布。结果表明,随着钢渣颗粒粒径由大于4 mm减小到大于0.5 mm,结晶物相面积占比由36.28%降低到24.88%。同时,快速冷却会使平衡态下不稳定的Ca₃SiO₅分解受到抑制而使其保留下来。此外快速冷却会抑制晶体形核、生长,影响结晶度,玻璃体比例增大进而提高炉渣胶凝活性。通过控制风淬时气体流速(冷却速度)可以控制钢渣物相组成,改变钢渣的胶凝活性,改善钢渣的利用率。     

气淬处理钢渣中C2S等温析晶动力学研究

将气淬处理钢渣在不同温度条件下进行恒温热处理,利用金相显微镜和金相分析软件统计分析气淬渣中C₂S等温析晶和长大的规律,使用电子扫描电镜和能谱分析仪研究渣样的显微形貌和元素赋存状态,采用Arvami等人提出的JMAK方程研究C₂S等温析晶动力学。结果表明：气淬钢渣等温结晶的适宜温度是1 450 ℃,恒温时间是30 min,采用此温度和时间,C₂S的平均粒径为34.80 μm,结晶面积为60.97%,30 min后生长缓慢;气淬钢渣中C₂S等温析晶的析晶活化能为-31.34 kJ/mol。     

气淬渣粒飞行动力学模拟试验研究

气淬粒化钢渣工艺是一种全新的干法处理钢渣工艺,此工艺既可以干法处理钢渣又可以对液态钢渣的显热进行高效回收.同时,通过对气淬粒化工艺过程进行有效控制可为钢渣制备高附加值产品奠定基础.采用不同孔型的拉瓦尔喷嘴喷吹不同粒径石英砂,冷态模拟液态钢渣气淬粒化过程中渣粒的飞行轨迹,通过正交实验方法研究不同条件下渣粒落地距离和落地宽...     

Al_2O_3对气淬钢渣等温析晶动力学的影响规律

用Al2O3对气淬钢渣进行调质重构,将不同Al2O3含量的气淬钢渣在不同温度条件下进行恒温热处理,利用金相显微镜和金相分析软件研究热处理后渣样中矿物等温析晶行为的规律,采用JMA方程研究Al2O3对气淬钢渣等温析晶动力学的影响规律。结果表明:Al2O3含量的增加,钢渣中C2S,C3S结晶量呈现出减少的趋势,钢渣中C3A呈现出增加的趋势,但趋势不明显。Al2O3含量的增加,会使C2S等温析晶活化能变大,C3S等温析晶活化能略有变小,不利于C2S和C3S析晶,有利于C3A析晶;当Al2O3质量分数为3.58%时,C3A等温析晶活化能为-2.32kJ/mol。     

气淬渣滴冷却过程数值模拟研究

液态钢渣气淬后将经历复杂的冷却凝固过程。采用Fluent软件对渣滴冷却过程动力学进行了数值模拟,并与数值计算结果相比较。研究结果表明:渣滴冷却经历液相冷却、潜热释放和固相冷却三个阶段;在没有考虑过冷度的情况下,Fluent软件模拟出液态冷却耗时较短,而潜热释放和固相冷却耗时较长;Fluent数值模拟能更形象地展示渣滴凝固形壳过程,数值计算更能准确地计算液相冷却、潜热释放和固相冷却等各阶段所消耗的时间;综合来看,Fluent数值模拟和数值计算两种方法均可准确预测出渣滴由1 723 K冷却至1 073 K所需要的时间,从而为液态钢渣气淬工艺提供理论基础。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)