连铸工艺参数对大圆坯凝固组织影响的数学模拟

基于ProCAST软件研究了中间包钢水过热度、连铸坯拉坯速度、连铸机二冷强度等连铸工艺参数对大断面圆坯凝固组织的影响规律。研究结果表明:结晶器电磁搅拌电流为300 A、频率为3 Hz条件下,随着过热度的降低,连铸坯中心等轴晶率显著增加,过热度由49℃降至29℃时,过热度每降低10℃,铸坯中心等轴晶率增大4%左右;拉速由0.16~0.20 m/min每增加0.02 m/min,二冷强度由标准水量的1.5~0.5倍每降低0.5倍,连铸坯中心等轴晶率有所增加但均不显著,均为1.5%左右。降低过热度能够显著细化凝固组织晶粒,而改变拉速和二冷强度对于细化凝固组织晶粒作用不明显。对于调整连铸工艺参数而言,提高连铸坯中心等轴晶率和细化凝固组织晶粒的最有效办法是降低中间包钢水过热度。     

430不锈钢连续浇铸过程连铸坯等轴晶率的变化规律

430不锈钢是铁素体不锈钢中应用最广泛的钢种之一。在工业试验条件下,为了提高430不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶率,以430不锈钢在连续浇铸过程中连铸坯等轴晶率变化为研究对象,通过测定不同浇铸长度的连铸坯等轴晶率,找出其变化规律,并对炉次之间仅有的化学成分和过热度的变化对连铸坯等轴晶率的影响进行了分析。试验结果表明:在相同连铸工艺下,430不锈钢在连浇过程中不同炉次之间连铸坯等轴晶率的变化不显著,但浇次头坯和尾坯等轴晶率纵向却呈现出不均匀特性,另外提高钢中[C]+[N]%含量和降低浇铸过程中的过热度对430铁素体不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶区域的扩展是有益的。     

齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织与溶质分布均匀性

分析了20CrMnTi齿轮钢200 mm×200 mm连铸坯凝固组织和溶质分布的均匀性,提出了不同过热度时粗大等轴晶和点状偏析的共生机理,制定了齿轮钢连铸均质性控制策略。结果表明,齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织受到钢水过热度的直接影响,提高过热度会减小等轴晶面积,降低对中性,减小等轴晶尺寸;齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织直接影响C元素中心偏析和断面分布均匀性,提高等轴晶率有利于降低中心偏析,但会增大等轴晶区溶质波动范围;齿轮钢连铸坯凝固组织直接影响半宏观尺度的点状偏析,提高等轴晶率会增加大尺寸点状偏析数量,Cr、Mn溶质偏聚程度也会增加。为了同时提高齿轮钢组织和成分均匀性,比较理想的连铸低倍结构特征是等轴晶率低、等轴晶尺寸小而均匀、对中性良好。     

连铸结晶器插入钢带对连铸坯质量的影响

中心偏析和等轴晶率是评价连铸坯内部质量的重要参数,而用于改善内部质量的电磁搅拌、微合金化等技术相对复杂,实施成本高。通过对结晶器插入钢带,通过钢带的熔化吸热有效地降低结晶器内钢液过热度,可以提高铸坯内部质量。讨论了在给定工艺条件下钢带插入对连铸坯质量的影响。计算和生产试验结果表明,插入钢带可以明显降低钢水过热度;插入钢带的连铸坯疏松和等轴晶率等指标均比没有插钢带的连铸坯好,且吨钢插入钢带量增加可以增加等轴晶率,有利于改善钢坯内部质量。     

降低过热度对方坯凝固组织的影响

结晶器内钢液过热度的降低可以促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液过热度的冷却水口,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了低过热度技术对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明:采用冷却水口以后,结晶器内钢液过热度的下降幅度可达14℃,铸坯的等轴晶率提高了8%~24%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度有所降低。     

薄带连铸Cr17铁素体不锈钢的织构演变

以具有不同初始组织的Cr17铁素体不锈钢双辊连铸薄带为实验材料,分别进行相同的冷轧及退火处理,对织构演变进行了对比研究.结果表明:织构演变与薄带的初始组织、织构密切相关.柱状晶薄带具有显著的(001)//ND织构,等轴晶薄带则具有微弱的随机织构;两者经冷轧后都形成了较温和的α纤维织构及较均匀的γ纤维织构,但是,后者的α,γ纤维织构明显强于前者;经再结晶退火后,两者都能形成较均匀的γ纤维再结晶织构,但后者的γ纤维再结晶织构明显强于前者.     

薄带连铸取向硅钢退火组织及织构演变研究

研究了薄带连铸取向硅钢的铸带、冷轧、脱碳退火的组织及织构。研究表明:取向硅钢铸带由铁素体及细碳化物组成,其中表层为细小等轴晶,心部为粗大等轴晶,次表层为粗大柱状晶。铸带主要织构为{001}织构;冷轧组织为拉长的纤维组织,冷轧织构主要为较强的α和γ纤维织构;脱碳退火组织主要为细小的等轴晶,织构主要为弱α和γ纤维织构组分。     

轻压下条件下管线钢铸坯凝固组织与中心偏析的关系

 为研究在动态轻压下条件下等轴晶和柱状晶组织与管线钢板坯中心偏析的关系,试验通过改变中包钢水过热度来获得铸坯中心不同凝固组织,并分析不同凝固组织内的中心偏析情况。试验铸坯分别采用热酸腐蚀、化学分析的方法,定性、定量分析过热度在11~32℃之间,铸坯厚度方向上元素含量分布和不同凝固组织中的偏析形貌。结果显示：过热度在14℃以下的坯样中心为等轴晶组织,过热度在20℃以上的坯样中心完全为柱状晶组织;在现有轻压下条件下,中心为等轴晶和过热度为32℃时中心柱状晶组织的坯样中心偏析度均较低,但因铸坯中心整个等轴晶区内会分布着偏析点,因而较之中心柱状晶组织,中心为等轴晶组织中点状偏析分布范围较宽;当中心为柱状晶组织时,适当提高过热度、优化压下量,可降低中心偏析度,提高中心偏析评级。     

硫含量对合金钢铸坯等轴晶比率波动的影响

针对某厂合金钢连铸坯等轴晶比率大幅波动的现象,为稳定控制连铸坯质量,进行了生产试验和理论分析。结果表明:在过热度比较稳定,拉速、冷却强度等条件相同的情况下,易偏析元素硫的含量是影响合金钢铸坯等轴晶比率的主要因素。为防止铸坯等轴晶比率大幅波动,除减小钢液过热度波动、稳定拉速和冷却强度外,还应稳定控制钢中硫等易偏析元素的含量。     

连铸参数对低碳钢圆坯凝固组织形态的影响

利用金相分析方法研究了连铸参数对低碳钢圆坯凝固组织的影响.研究表明:钢水的过热度越低,圆坯凝固组织的二次枝晶间距臂越小;中等强度的二冷水量和较低拉坯速度,有利于获得较高的中心等轴晶率和较小的二次枝晶间距臂的凝固组织;提高拉坯速度时,要控制好二冷强度,减少二冷段的温度波动,确保圆坯凝固组织的均匀性.     

Advances in the Optimization of Thin Strip Cast Austenitic 304 Stainless Steel

This study is about the latest advances in the optimization of the microstructure and properties of thin strip cast austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304, 1.4301). Concerning the processing steps the relevance of different thin strip casting parameters, in‐line forming operations, and heat treatments for optimizing microstructure and properties have been studied. The microstructures obtained from the different processing strategies were analysed with respect to phase and grain structures including the grain boundary character distributions via EBSD microtexture measurements, the evolution of deformation‐induced martensite, the relationship between delta ferrite and martensite formation in austenite, and the texture evolution during in‐line deformation. It is observed that different process parameters lead to markedly different microstructures and profound differences in strip homogeneity. It is demonstrated that the properties of strip cast and in‐line hot rolled austenitic stainless steels are competitive to those obtained by conventional continuous casting and hot rolling. This means that the thin strip casting technique is not only competitive to conventional routes with respect to the properties of the material but also represents the most environmentally friendly, flexible, energy‐saving, and modern industrial technique to produce stainless steel strips.     

Evolution of microstructure and texture during casting of AISI 304 stainless steel strip

The solidification behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel strip was studied using a melt/substrate contact apparatus, whereby a copper substrate embedded in a moving paddle is rapidly immersed into a steel melt to produce thin (∼1-mm gage) as-cast coupons. For cases where other casting conditions were kept constant, the effect of substrate topography and melt superheat on the development of microstructure and texture during solidification was studied using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and optical microscopy. It was found that nucleation and growth of grains during solidification were influenced both by substrate topography and melt superheat. A ridged substrate produced a high density of randomly oriented grains at the chill surface with the preferred growth of 〈001〉-oriented grains perpendicular to the substrate wall producing a coarse columnar grain structure exhibiting a strong 〈001〉 fiber texture at the strip center. In contrast, a smooth substrate resulted in a lower nucleation density to produce a very coarse-grained columnar microstructure with moderate and essentially constant 〈001〉 fiber texture throughout the strip thickness. By the manipulation of casting parameters, it is possible to produce strip-cast austenitic stainless steel with a particular microstructure and texture.     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程Fe-3%Si钢热轧板和常化板织构

在实验室按照薄板坯连铸连轧工艺流程试制了Fe-3%Si硅钢热轧板,采用EBSD和X射线衍射方法观察了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的织构组织,分析了α、ε和γ取向线上织构取向密度变化规律。A和B钢热轧板具有相似的{110}〈112〉和、{001}〈110〉和{001}〈010〉和高斯织构组织,A试样表层的晶粒均匀性较差,B试样具有较强的γ织构取向。采用EBSD观察比较了A钢和B钢热轧板和常化板的垂直TD面的EBSD微观织构组织,A钢和B钢常化退火后基本保留了热轧时形成的中心部位的组织,而次表层和表层晶粒发生了再结晶长大,晶粒组织和织构梯度减小,织构主要集中在{001}〈^-1^-10〉和{001}〈0^10〉和之间以及高斯织构上。常化后织构的总体强度下降,高斯强度减弱。试验研究结果为开发薄板坯连铸连轧短流程生产电工钢技术提供理论依据和参考数据。     

Strip properties and processing in twin roll casting of stainless and low carbon steels

Metallurgical features of the twin‐roll strip casting process are discussed. The as‐cast structure of two austenitic stainless steels is evaluated using EPMA and metallography. Cleanness levels as reached in twin‐roll strip casting are compared with conventional and thin slab casting. In‐line annealing is described as a method for grain refinement. The scale layer on twin‐roll cast strip is characterised for low carbon and stainless steels.     

铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带凝固组织对冷轧退火带晶粒簇的影响

 研究了Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带凝固组织对其冷轧退火带晶粒簇、成形性和皱折特性的影响。利用电子背散射衍射技术对Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带及相应的冷轧退火带进行了显微织构分析。结果表明：①Cr17铁素体不锈钢铸轧薄带冷轧退火带的晶粒簇依赖于初始铸轧薄带的凝固组织类型;②柱状晶组织的铸轧薄带具有显著的{001}∥ND晶体取向特征,而等轴晶组织的铸轧薄带晶体取向随机、分散;③等轴晶组织铸轧薄带比柱状晶组织铸轧薄带的冷轧退火带具有更少的{001}<110>晶粒簇和更多的{111}<112>、{111}<110>晶粒簇;④铸轧薄带的等轴晶组织比柱状晶组织有利于提高冷轧退火带的成形和抗皱性能。     

Development of Continuous Electrical Steel and Casting Technology of New Products

 The development of continuous casting technology of electrical steel was analyzed. The technologies and products characteristics of conventional continuous casting, thin slab continuous casting and rolling, middle thin slab continuous casting and rolling and twin-roll thin strip were compared. Conventional continuous casting technology was widely adopted in producing electrical steel; thin slab continuous casting and rolling and middle thin slab continuous casting and rolling technology industrialized electrical steel; and study of twin-roll thin strip casting technology was focused on fundamental experiments.     

Metallographic observations of stainless steel sheets produced by twin-roll type strip caster

Microstructures and textures of austenitic stainless steel sheets produced by a twin-roll type strip caster are investigated at various stages of casting, cold-rolling and annealing processes. Strip casting is a rapid solidification process and, therefore, the cast strip sheets have fine columnar dendrites and very sharp (100) textures. After cold-rolling and annealing the strip sheets have equiaxial and somewhat finer grains than those produced by the conventional process, and the texture is composed mainly of the (110)[1?2] orientation.     

Texture of Hot Rolled Strip for Fe-3Si Steel Produced by Thin Slab Casting and Rolling

 Fe-3%Si steel strip was experimental produced by thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) process in the laboratory. The microstructure and texture of hot rolled strip by different total reduction and rolling schedule was observed through EBSD technique and X-ray diffraction method. The changeable rule of texture density on the α、ε and γ, and fibers was analyzed. When the total reduction was increased from 82.9% to 97.1%,the gradient of microstructure and texture for A steel surface layer and center layer was found, {001}&;#8249;110&;#8250; texture had higher intensity, and {001}&;#8249;110&;#8250; texture was changed to     

反向凝固法生产复合奥氏体不锈钢薄带的研究

采用１．２ｍｍ厚的１５Ｆ热轧板为母带,以奥氏体不锈钢１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９作为覆层材料,在实验室条件下研究了反向凝固法生产复合奥氏体不锈钢薄带的可行性。实验表明,随着母带在钢液中浸渍时间的增加,新相层的生长经历“快速生长”、“平衡相持”和“迅速回熔”阶段,新相层厚度着钢液过热度的增加而近似线笥地减少。此外,线带表面状态、母带在钢液中的浸渍时间及过热度对铸带质量有显著影响,控制合适的工艺参数可以获得质量优     

304不锈钢连铸坯表面裂纹原因分析及改善措施

通过对304不锈钢连铸坯表面裂纹产生的原因如钢种特性、连铸过热度、冷却强度以及拉速等进行分析,并结合现场生产的实际情况,提出了消除304不锈钢连铸坯表面裂纹缺陷的措施,取得了良好的实际应用效果。