高磷低品位锰矿浓酸熟化脱磷试验研究

提出用拌浓酸熟化的方法对难选贫锰矿进行脱磷正交试验研究,考察了浓酸用量、熟化时间、矿石粒度对脱磷效果的影响。实验表明：浓酸用量和矿石粒度对脱磷效果影响显著。该锰矿拌浓酸熟化处理最优工艺条件：浓硝酸用量100％,时间12h,粒度-0．125＋0．1mm。在最优工艺条件下,锰矿品位从11．56％提至44．23％,P／Mn从0．0126降至0．0056,锰回收率达93．68％,达到,台金用锰矿石标准AMn45Ⅲ的技术指标。     

Influence of Mechanical Activation on Acid Leaching Dephosphorization of High-phosphorus Iron Ore Concentrates

High pressure roll grinding (HPRG)and ball milling were compared to investigate the influence of me-chanical activation on the acid leaching dephosphorization of a high-phosphorus iron ore concentrate,which was man-ufactured through magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ores.The results indica-ted that when high-phosphorus iron ore concentrates containing 54·92 mass% iron and 0·76 mass% phosphorus were directly processed through acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing 55·74 mass% iron and 0·33 mass%phosphorus with an iron recovery of 84·64% and dephosphorization of 63·79% were obtained.When high-phosphor-us iron ore concentrates activated by ball milling were processed by acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing 56·03 mass% iron and 0·21 mass% phosphorus with an iron recovery of 85·65% and dephosphorization of 77·49%were obtained.Meanwhile,when high-phosphorus iron ore concentrates activated by HPRG were processed by acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing 58·02 mass% iron and 0·10 mass% phosphorus were obtained,with the iron recovery reaching 88·42% and the dephosphorization rate reaching 88·99%.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ball milling can reduce the particle size,demonstrating a prominent reunion phenomenon.In contrast,HPRG pretreatment contributes to the formation of more cracks within the particles and selective dissociation of iron and P bearing minerals,which can provide the favorable kinetic conditions to accelerate the solid-liquid reaction rate.As such,the crystal structure is destroyed and the surface energy of mineral particles is strengthened by mechanical ac-tivation,further strengthening the dephosphorization.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿酸浸脱磷动力学

在HSC6.0计算软件热力学分析的基础上,采用正交实验确定了高磷鲕状赤铁矿酸浸脱磷保铁的最佳工艺,并以最佳工艺为基础进行了酸浸过程中脱磷和铁损反应的动力学研究。热力学分析表明H_2SO_4为最佳酸浸用酸。正交实验得出最佳酸浸条件为:H+浓度为0.5mol/L的H_2SO_4溶液、酸浸时间40min、温度298K、液固比200mL∶14g、搅拌速度100r/min。在该条件下,脱磷率可达98.89%,铁损率仅为0.51%。通过SEM-EDS对酸浸前后高磷鮞状赤铁块矿试样分析表征得出:经H_2SO_4浸出后,磷灰石基本完全溶解,含铁矿相未发生明显反应。动力学分析显示:优化条件下,酸浸脱磷反应在298~328K内符合收缩未反应核模型,浸出过程主要受内扩散控制,表观活化能为11.24kJ/mol;铁损反应在298~328K内遵循收缩未反应核模型,浸出过程主要受化学反应控制,表观活化能为42.24kJ/mol。     

高磷鲕状铁矿酸浸脱磷

研究了酸浸处理高磷铁矿脱磷及其影响因素.实验用鄂西鲕状高磷矿Fe的质量分数为51.7%,P的质量分数约0.5%,S的质量分数为0.34%.通过硫酸浸出,浸出矿中磷的质量分数降低至0.07%左右,而铁损只有0.18%,S的质量分数为0.35%,满足钢铁生产的要求.通过扫描电镜观察和能谱分析表征了高磷矿中磷的脱除,在实验酸度下能明显看出磷灰石溶解,而铁相基本不反应,并得到了热力学计算证明.实验确定了最佳的酸浸条件:浸出时间1 h,液固比100mL:8 g,酸度0.2 mol·L-1,振荡频率150 Hz.通过微波加热预处理,高磷铁矿中产生微裂纹,增加了矿石的比表面积,但是这并没有明显促进酸浸脱磷的进行.通过补酸的方式循环利用酸浸液处理高磷铁矿能得到较好的脱磷效果,脱磷率稳定在80%,能有效减少酸耗、保护环境.      

磷在脱磷渣中2CaO·SiO2固相颗粒内的扩散速率

中国铁矿磷含量偏高,提高脱磷效率、降低渣料的消耗量对钢铁企业至关重要.1 400℃下,将2CaO·SiO2颗粒插入到含P2 O5为14％(质量分数)的渣中,并保温20、30、60和100 s,研究磷在2CaO· SiO2颗粒中的扩散速率.用SEM-EDS对磷在渣和2CaO·SiO颗粒中的分布进行了测量,并用菲克第二定律计算了磷在2CaO·SiO颗粒中的扩散系数.结果显示:磷在2CaO·SiO中的扩散可视为一维半无限扩散.1 400℃时,磷在2CaO· SiO2颗粒中的扩散系数为6.417×10-12 m2/s,如果脱磷时间为15～20 min,则2CaO· SiO2颗粒不宜大于653 μm.     

高磷铁矿脱磷技术现状及磷资源化提取新方法

 为了提高磷铁矿作为炼铁原料的使用率,对高磷铁矿中磷元素的降低和脱除技术（选矿法、化学浸出法、生物浸出法、高温脱磷法）的特点及发展现状进行了综合评述,并从磷的资源化利用的角度探讨其提取与利用的可能性。介绍了一种基于湿法酸浸-生物吸附方法提取高磷铁矿或高温脱磷渣中磷资源新工艺技术,对其基本原理、工艺流程与技术特点进行了讨论。该提磷新方法的最大优势在于可以从pH值为1～2的酸浸溶液中直接选择性地吸附脱磷,使酸液得以循环使用,而磷也可解吸成高纯度的磷酸盐得以回收,吸附剂本身则可以多次循环使用。     

自然氧化预处理钕铁硼废料浸出过程

为降低钕铁硼废料预处理成本,探讨利用盐酸润湿-空气自然氧化法对钕铁硼废料进行预处理,并对经盐酸润湿-空气自然氧化处理的钕铁硼废料中稀土的浸出工艺和浸出动力学进行研究.结果表明:以4 mol/L HCl润湿原料,在空气中放置20 d后铁的氧化率达到92.37 %,可满足铁硼废料中稀土回收的前期处理工艺要求,降低生产成本;在浸出的过程中,当反应温度为363 K,盐酸浓度为2 mol/L、粒度为0.055~0.088 mm、液固比V_L/W_S=8:1、搅拌速率500 r/min下,反应时间为60 min后经盐酸润湿-空气自然氧化Nd-Fe-B废料中稀土的浸出率可达89.36 %;研究表明,钕铁硼废料中稀土浸出过程主要是受扩散控制,其表观化学反应活化能E=17.49 kJ/mol.      

SiO2、Na2CO3对预还原烧结过程中气化脱磷的影响

白云鄂博铁精矿磷含量较高为0.08%(质量分数),且磷元素主要以氟磷灰石的形式存在。基于前期白云鄂博矿磷的赋存状态及白云鄂博矿预还原烧结工艺对脱磷影响的研究,同时为了开发利用其他中、高磷铁矿,研究了白云鄂博铁精矿预还原烧结过程中磷的气化脱除机制。利用FactSage热力学软件、XRD、SEM-EDS对比分析不同SiO2、Na2CO3添加量对预还原烧结过程中气化脱磷率、金属化率以及物相转变的影响。结果表明:最佳的SiO2、Na2CO3添加量(质量分数)分别为3%、1%,对应的脱磷率为31%,金属化率为96%,实现了预还原烧结过程中磷的有效脱除,进一步明确预还原烧结脱磷机制,为以后中、高磷铁矿脱磷的研究指明了方向。     

复杂硅酸盐含钪精矿钪浸出助浸剂试验研究

对复杂硅酸盐含钪矿进行了化学成分分析,钪物相的测定等的研究。研究是在复杂硅酸盐类矿物选钪试验的基础上,进行复杂硅酸盐含钪精矿浸出助浸剂试验研究,通过试验研究找到了合适的浸出液和适当的助浸剂,对有用离子进行浸出富集,对有害的离子使其保留在浸渣中。试样的钪以类质同象分布于多种复杂硅酸盐矿物中,研究采用盐酸添加浸出助浸剂来解离硅酸盐类矿物,把钪元素浸出在盐酸溶液之中。浸出助浸剂是影响钪浸出率的主要因素之一,在盐酸作为浸出试剂基础上,本研究对助浸剂种类、用量、液固比、浸出时间、盐酸浓度、浸出温度及入浸物料粒度等条件进行了试验研究。研究表明:(1)本试样的成分复杂,含众多杂质离子,包含对浸出有很大影响的的活泼金属离子,和对后续萃取有很大影响的钙、镁离子等杂质离子。(2)盐酸加二号助浸剂时钪的浸出效果最佳,其最佳工艺条件为:入浸物料粒度为-0.05 mm,液相中HCl质量分数为15.2%,液固比5:1,添加二号助剂量为4%,温度为90℃,连续搅拌浸出时间为12 h,钪的浸出率达88.33%。     

Development of Technologies for High Phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Utilization

With increasing consumption of iron ore over the world, new technology of beneficiation and smelting is more urgently needed than ever before to explore ores which, are difficult to utilise by beneficiation and smelting processes. Oolitic Hematite mines, iron ore with poor beneficiation efficiency are widely distributed in China with the most abundant deposits. In this paper, comprehensive technology integrating beneficiation and smelting processes was proposed. This paper reports the experimental results on ore beneficiation, pretreatment of hot metal with high phosphorus and dephosphorization during direct reduction. It would provide technology support for the efficient utilization of high phosphorus Oolitic Hematite, and also provide technology for industrial demonstrating projects.     

高磷高钼复杂白钨矿的脱磷-除钼处理工艺

利用磷灰石、钼酸钙和钨酸钙等含钙矿物与盐酸反应的差异性规律,首先在温和的盐酸浸出条件下预处理高磷高钼复杂白钨矿,即反应温度为50 ℃,盐酸浓度2.5 mol/L,反应时间2 h,液固比（指液体体积与固体质量之比,单位为L/kg,下同）5:1的条件下实现杂质磷的高效选择性浸出,磷的浸出率达到99%以上,同时实现钨钼的初步分离,钼浸出率为44.76%,钨浸出率仅为1.84%。然后,再利用钨酸和钼酸在盐酸体系中溶解度的性质差异,进一步提高盐酸浓度和反应温度强化浸出,在盐酸浓度4 mol/L,反应温度80 ℃,反应时间2 h,液固比5:1的条件下,钼的浸出率达到95%,而钨以钨酸的形式留在固相,此步骤的钨浸出率只有1.55%,实现了钼的深度分离和钨矿的转型。      

常压盐酸浸出红土镍矿的研究

为有效提取红土矿中镍钴资源,研究了常压盐酸浸出工艺提取红土矿中的镍钴。结果表明,矿料粒度为-0.15 mm,初始酸浓度8 mol/L,浸出温度353 K,固液比S/L=1:4,搅拌速度300 r/min,反应时间2 h,镍、钴、锰、铁、镁的浸出率分别达到93.94%、60.5%、94%、56%9、4%。     

锰矿石脱磷新工艺的研究

研究开发出一种高磷碳酸锰矿的化学脱磷新方法:加氯化钙焙烧—稀盐酸浸出法。实验室试验表明,用此法处理花垣锰矿的两种高磷磁选精矿,最终产品锰品位提高约0.5倍,锰回收率达98％,磷锰比由0.01～0.013降低到0.002—0.0021,脱磷率达80—85％。指标优于其他方法,盐酸用量仅为黑锰矿法的22％。     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿铁磷分离试验研究

对高磷鲕状赤铁矿进行了显微结构研究,采用添加脱磷剂直接还原焙烧-磁选工艺进行了铁和磷分离试验,研究了焙烧温度、内配碳量、添加剂配比对铁、磷分离主要技术指标的影响。结果表明:磷主要以磷灰石的形态嵌布在鲕状结构中,部分与赤铁矿形成环状间层,层间的厚度变化范围在3~15μm之间;在焙烧温度1 000℃、内配碳量6%、添加剂配比10%的优化工艺条件下,通过球磨-磁选试验可得到含铁品位大于85%、含磷量在0.15%~0.20%之间的优质还原铁粉和含磷为3.5%~4%的富磷渣。     

Direct Reduction of High-phosphorus Oolitic Hematite Ore Based on Biomass Pyrolysis

Direct reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore based on biomass pyrolysis gases(CO,H_2,and CH_4),tar,and char was conducted to investigate the effects of reduction temperature,iron ore-biomass mass ratio,and reduction time on the metallization rate.In addition,the effect of particle size on the dephosphorization and iron recovery rate was studied by magnetic separation.It was determined that the metallization rate of the hematite ore could reach 99.35% at iron ore-biomass mass ratio of 1∶0.6,reduction temperature of 1 100℃,and reduction time of 55 min.The metallization rate and the aggregation degree of iron particles increase with the increase of reduction temperature.The particle size of direct reduced iron(DRI) has a great influence on the quality of the iron concentrate during magnetic separation.The separation degree of slag and iron was improved by the addition of 15 mass% sodium carbonate.DRI with iron grade of 89.11%,iron recovery rate of 83.47%,and phosphorus content of 0.28% can be obtained when ore fines with particle size of-10 μm account for 78.15%.     

Effects of Mechanical Activation on the HCl Leaching Behavior of Titanaugite,Ilmenite, and Their Mixtures

Structural changes of mechanically activated titanaugite were investigated systematically using X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrochloric acid leaching behavior of mechanically activated titanaugite and ilmenite single minerals and their mixtures also was studied. The results show that with increasing milling time, the crystallite size, lattice strain, and particle size changed continuously. Mechanical activation evidently improved the leaching reactivity of titanaugite and ilmenite with 20 wt pct HCl at 378 K (105 °C). The leaching behavior of ilmenite was promoted at the initial stage and then was inhibited when mixed with a mass ratio of titanaugite to ilmenite of 1:1. When the mass ratio of titanaugite to ilmenite decreased to 1:9, the leaching of titanaugite was promoted, whereas the leaching of ilmenite was inhibited throughout the whole process. The leaching inhibition of ilmenite is related to the formation of hydrous silicon dioxide from the dissolution of titanaugite.     

A cupric chloride-oxygen leach process for a nickel-copper sulphide concentrate

The paper reports leaching studies on a nickel-copper sulphide mineral concentrate with cupric chloride in a strong brine solution under a moderate pressure of oxygen. Oxygenation not only helps to maintain a high cupric to cuprous ion ratio in the leaching medium but also facilitates rejection of iron as insoluble goethite. A single step thus gives rise to a relatively iron-free nickel-copper-bearing solution. The influence of the amount of cupric chloride, pulp density, time, temperature, oxygen pressure, concentration of hydrochloric acid and particle size of the feed material on the leaching process have been studied. On this basis it has been possible to define a suitable combination of process parameters for leaching out most of the associated nickel and copper values and to generate a solution low in iron.     

微波还原-磨矿磁选对鲕状赤铁矿提铁脱磷的影响

摘要：采用微波加热还原 磨选技术研究鲕状赤铁矿的提铁脱磷条件,且探索最佳磨选条件。在原矿粒度小于0.18mm占90%、配碳系数1.0、碱度系数0.8、脱磷剂用量15%（质量分数）的条件下,采用微波加热在950℃下还原30min获得金属化球团,对金属化球团进行破碎、研磨,考察磨矿粒度、磁选强度对铁粉铁品位、回收率、P含量、脱磷率的影响规律,并对还原样品、磁选后的铁粉和非磁性渣进行了扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射分析。研究结果表明,金属化球团在研磨粒度小于0.045mm占62.90%、磁选强度65mT条件下,可获得铁粉铁品位87.69%、回收率77.86%、P质量分数0.30%、脱磷率86.37%。     

鲕状赤铁矿微波加热还原提铁脱磷机制

采用微波加热还原鲕状赤铁矿内配碳球团,考察了还原温度、碱度及添加剂用量对球团含磷组元迁移的影响,对微波碳热还原提铁脱磷机制进行了分析。结果表明,随着还原温度的升高含磷组元逐渐被还原,当还原温度达到1 150℃以上时含磷矿物被大量还原,并且富集到还原铁中造成还原铁粉磷含量过高。在较低还原温度下,通过选择合适的碱度和脱磷剂用量,能有效地抑制含磷组元的还原,促进铁氧化物的还原和聚集。实验采用原矿粒度0.8 mm、碱度0.8、碳氧摩尔比1.0、钠盐添加剂用量20%(质量分数)、还原温度为950℃保温10 min的条件对物料进行还原,将还原物料研磨到0.074 mm在65 mT的场强下进行磁选可得到全铁质量分数82.79%、回收率86.49%、P质量分数0.34%的指标,所得到的还原铁粉杂质较少,而含磷物质主要以磷酸盐的形式存在于磁选渣中。     

高磷铁矿含磷矿物与脉石相碳热还原机理

针对高磷铁矿矿物组成特点,对氟磷灰石与高磷铁矿中脉石相的反应进行了研究,阐明了高磷铁矿在直接还原过程中含磷矿物的碳热还原机理.研究发现：在不配加石墨的情况下,氟磷灰石与脉石之间相互独立,没有发生反应;在配加石墨的情况下,氟磷灰石发生不同程度的还原,脉石中 SiO2脱磷能力最强.当 SiO2、Al2 O3和 Fe2 O3同时加入氟磷灰石后,氟磷灰石碳热还原速率加快,并且在脉石相中形成了 CaAl2 Si2 O8.