镁对非调质钢中组织及硫化物的影响

为了探究不同镁含量对非调质钢中组织和硫化物形态、尺寸、分布及成分的影响,采用蔡司金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、小样电解等方法,分析了经高温电阻炉冶炼不同镁添加量的49MnVS3非调质钢。结果表明,由于镁蒸气压较高,在实验室冶炼中大量挥发,导致钢中镁的实际平均收得率仅为3.10%;镁的质量分数为0～22×10~(-6)时,随着镁的质量分数的增加,钢中硫化物形态由Ⅱ类逐渐向Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类转变;钢中硫化物尺寸增大,硫化物的分布均匀性得到显著改善;钢中复合夹杂物比例明显增加,但MnS的比例出现下降;形成了细小弥散的氧化物,增加了奥氏体形核质点,具有细化组织的趋势。     

镁对非调质钢中组织及硫化物的影响

摘要：为了探究不同镁含量对非调质钢中组织和硫化物形态、尺寸、分布及成分的影响，采用蔡司金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、小样电解等方法，分析了经高温电阻炉冶炼不同镁添加量的49MnVS3非调质钢。结果表明，由于镁蒸气压较高，在实验室冶炼中大量挥发，导致钢中镁的实际平均收得率仅为310%；镁的质量分数为0～22×10-6时，随着镁的质量分数的增加，钢中硫化物形态由Ⅱ类逐渐向Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类转变；钢中硫化物尺寸增大，硫化物的分布均匀性得到显著改善；钢中复合夹杂物比例明显增加，但MnS的比例出现下降；形成了细小弥散的氧化物，增加了奥氏体形核质点，具有细化组织的趋势。     

钙镁复合处理20CrMnTi钢中硫化物夹杂

 20CrMnTi钢中添加硫可以改善切削性能,但也会带来力学性能变差的问题,Ca-Mg复合处理可减轻硫化物夹杂物的危害。通过实验室高温试验、电镜观察、能谱分析及统计方法,研究了对20CrMnTi钢中加硫后形成的硫化物进行Ca-Mg复合处理以及钙处理的效果。试验结果表明,复合处理可以使加硫钢中长条、链状的II类硫化物改性为球状单相或者包裹氧化物的复合夹杂物,处理后钢中夹杂物的平均长宽比、直径显著降低;复合处理时钙加入钢中形成的CaS与MnS固溶提高硫化物的球化率,镁主要形成MgO,使被包裹的氧化物核心更细小弥散,最终的夹杂物为MnS-CaS-MgO（-Al2O3-CaO）;若镁过量,则硫化物中会出现MgS,若钙过量,氧化物中出现CaO;加入镁使钙处理所需钙加入量变小,复合处理的效果优于单独的钙处理。     

镁钙处理对车轮钢中夹杂物及疲劳性能的影响

在250 t钢包内对某车轮钢分别进行了镁、钙处理,探讨了夹杂物特征对钢疲劳寿命的影响,得出如下结论:镁处理、钙处理钢中T.O含量变化不大,均在0.0025％以下,但镁处理钢氮含量比钙处理钢普遍要低;钙处理精炼结束后钢中典型夹杂物主要为铝酸钙和(Ca,Mn)S,而镁处理钢中主要为尖晶石—铝酸钙复合夹杂物、尖晶石—硫化钙包裹型复合夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸较钙处理明显减小;当外部应力大于470 MPa后,镁处理钢的疲劳寿命几乎都大于钙处理钢,由此证明镁处理对改善钢的疲劳寿命有一定的贡献.     

钙、镁在含硫钢中硫化物变性过程中的作用

 为了保证含硫钢的切削性能,同时改善MnS对钢材造成的各向异性,通常对MnS进行变性处理。对含硫钢分别进行了镁处理和钙处理试验,分析了这两种处理方式对钢中夹杂物尺寸和成分的影响。镁处理有利于在钢中形成更加细小的Mg-Al-O氧化物夹杂。在钢液凝固过程中,Mg-Al-O夹杂可以作为MnS的形核核心,减少MnS沿晶界析出的数量;Mg-Al-O氧化物核心外围包裹的Mg-Mn-S中的镁主要来源于氧化物核心中的镁向外层MnS中的扩散。钢经过钙处理后,形成的Ca-Al-O氧化物作为MnS的形核核心;氧化物核心外围包裹的Ca-Mn-S主要是由钢液中溶解的钙进入外层包裹的MnS中所形成;复合硫化物中的钙进一步向氧化物核心中扩散,使核心中钙质量分数逐渐升高。     

镁处理对1215易切削钢中夹杂物的影响

 1215易切削钢中硫化物夹杂不仅影响钢的切削性能,对钢性能的各向异性以及产品质量问题也有重要影响,对钢中硫化物夹杂的调控是改善产品品质的重要途径。采用镁处理技术,对钢中硫化物夹杂的形态、大小和分布进行调控,解析镁对夹杂物的改质影响。通过高温熔炼试验,冶炼不同镁含量的钢锭,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及小样电解技术对钢中夹杂物的二维及三维形态和分布进行分析,并结合热力学计算解析夹杂物改质机制。研究表明,镁具有较强的脱氧能力,可改变钢中硫化物形态和分布。钢中镁质量分数从0增加至0.000 6%、0.001 7%,夹杂物形态首先从Ⅰ类球形、椭球形转变至Ⅱ类沿晶分布的簇状、串链状、珊瑚状,然后再转变为多面体形或不规则块状的的Ⅲ类硫化物。镁质量分数进一步增加至0.002 7%,镁对夹杂物的形态、尺寸、分布影响不再显著。钢中的MnS在熔融液态中不会析出,主要在凝固过程固液两相区析出,其析出温度为1 502.0 ℃,对应的凝固分率为0.409。凝固过程中部分MnS会以钢中氧化物夹杂为异质形核点析出,形成内部氧化物、外部硫化物的复合夹杂。钢中Al₂O₃经镁改质转变成为更加细小弥散分布的MgO·Al₂O₃,改质后夹杂物不易聚集长大,成为更多的MnS析出异质形核点,从而促进了MnS析出,夹杂物整体数量密度增大,平均等效直径减小。     

镁系易切削钢中夹杂物分析

为了探究Mg处理对易切削钢中夹杂物的影响,以1144高硫易切削钢为试验钢种,采用金相和能谱仪等手段研究了 Mg处理对1144易切削钢中夹杂物的形态、尺寸分布和夹杂物成分的影响.结果表明:在易切削钢铸坯中,Mg处理使得易切削钢铸坯硫化物夹杂由Ⅱ类向Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类转变,分布更为均匀,同时使得复合硫化锰夹杂物比例提升.在轧材中,...     

钙处理对成品无取向硅钢夹杂物特性的影响

通过取样检测结合热力学计算,分析了钙处理对成品无取向硅钢中夹杂物特征及硫化物夹杂的析出机制的影响。结果表明,钢中尺寸大于3μm的有害夹杂物主要是AlN、MgO-SiO2、CaO-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂物及其与MgS、MnS、CaS的复合析出物。钙处理钢中没有检测到单独的Al2O3、SiO2及铝酸钙类夹杂物。钙处理钢中形成的液态3CaO·Al2O3、MgO·SiO2和Al2O3夹杂物被精炼渣吸收,改性去除了钢中大尺寸Al2O3夹杂物。钙处理钢中尺寸大于3μm的氧化物夹杂主要是含CaO和(或)CaS的Al2O3-SiO2类夹杂。硫化物在MgO-SiO2类氧化物表面的析出有利于其形貌趋于规则。钢中不同形貌的AlN夹杂物呈多尺度分布,钙处理对大尺寸AlN的析出特性影响不大。氧硫化物及其与AlN复合析出并定向长大的过程,与其晶体结构有关。氧化物夹杂的硫容量决定了其与硫复合的难易程度。钙处理钢中CaS在氧化物表面呈局部包裹析出和局部吸附析出。     

钙处理对含硫非调质钢中夹杂物演变行为的影响

进行了钙处理变性含硫非调质钢中夹杂物的工业试验,通过SEM+EDS定性研究钢中夹杂物类型随工序的变化,得到钙处理对夹杂物演变的影响。针对硫化物夹杂的形态控制,用牛津INCA能谱仪Feature工具的自动扫描夹杂物功能定量分析钙处理前后钢中硫化物夹杂的类型、数量和尺寸的变化。研究结果表明,钙处理能够增加钢中复合硫化物数量,尤其是含钙复合硫化物,从而有利于降低轧材中长条状硫化物的比例,形成较多的球状或纺锤状硫化物,改善钢材的各向异性。进一步分析钙处理改性硫化物的作用机理,在不影响钢材机械性能前提下,钙处理适当降低钢液洁净度有利于含硫非调质钢中硫化物的形态控制,工业生产中采用钙处理的方法来进行硫化物的形态控制是可行的。     

钙处理对成品无取向硅钢夹杂物特性的影响

通过取样检测结合热力学计算,分析了钙处理对成品无取向硅钢中夹杂物特征及硫化物夹杂的析出机制的影响。结果表明,钢中尺寸大于3μm的有害夹杂物主要是AlN、MgO-SiO_2、CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2类复合夹杂物及其与MgS、MnS、CaS的复合析出物。钙处理钢中没有检测到单独的Al_2O_3、SiO_2及铝酸钙类夹杂物。钙处理钢中形成的液态3CaO·Al_2O_3、MgO·SiO_2和Al_2O_3夹杂物被精炼渣吸收,改性去除了钢中大尺寸Al_2O_3夹杂物。钙处理钢中尺寸大于3μm的氧化物夹杂主要是含CaO和(或)CaS的Al_2O_3-SiO_2类夹杂。硫化物在MgO-SiO_2类氧化物表面的析出有利于其形貌趋于规则。钢中不同形貌的AlN夹杂物呈多尺度分布,钙处理对大尺寸AlN的析出特性影响不大。氧硫化物及其与AlN复合析出并定向长大的过程,与其晶体结构有关。氧化物夹杂的硫容量决定了其与硫复合的难易程度。钙处理钢中CaS在氧化物表面呈局部包裹析出和局部吸附析出。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.