熔盐氯化炉热平衡分析

在对熔盐氯化工艺中熔盐氯化炉内的反应与传质等过程进行系统分析的基础上,建立了熔盐氯化炉的热平衡方程,并对影响热平衡方程的因素氯气流速,含氧量及温度进行了分析和讨论。     

熔盐氯化法制备粗TiCl_4过程热平衡控制研究

对TiO_2品位为74%的高钙镁钛渣物相组成及氯化行为、熔盐氯化生产粗四氯化钛过程的熔盐温度控制进行了分析。结果表明,在粗四氯化钛单炉产量为100t/d的条件下,通过合理调节返炉矿浆量,可将钛渣氯化过程的熔盐温度与混合炉气温度分别稳定控制在740～770℃与350～501℃,并产出平均固相含量4.06～4.1g/L的合格粗TiCl_4产品。     

工业炉多层炉墙非稳态传热计算

对工业炉多层炉墙在非稳态下的传热问题,用有限差分法进行了计算,提出多层炉墙非稳态传热的界面层温度计算公式、外表面层温度计算公式及各层温度场的计算公式。用计算机进行了实例计算,结果表明,外表面层温度的计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

干馏煤替代石油焦用于TiCl4生产的应用研究

采用干馏煤与石油焦的煤焦混合物为还原剂,在熔盐氯化法生产TiCl4过程中进行工业化生产试验,考察了采用干馏煤的影响及生产工艺参数的变化。结果表明：随着煤焦混合物中干馏煤比例的增加,钛渣和氯化钠单耗变化无明显的差异,氯化炉熔盐温度、炉顶烟气温度等都在控制范围内,验证了干馏煤在熔盐氯化中应用的可行性,降低了TiCl4生产成本。同时,生产过程中为避免熔盐温度控制偏高,当干馏煤与石油焦配比大于5︰5时,熔盐温度可按730~780 ℃控制;采用100%干馏煤时,熔盐温度可按720~760 ℃控制,为增强熔盐流动性,氯化钠的配比可适度增加。     

首钢京唐1号高炉炉芯温度初探

高炉炉芯温度是炉缸活跃程度的重要表征。炉芯传热可作为一维稳态传热来处理,通过建立首钢京唐1号高炉炉芯传热的计算方程,计算绘出了炉芯温度-炉缸温度、炉芯温度-陶瓷垫厚度的关系线,确定了现阶段首钢京唐1#高炉合适的炉芯温度为310～380℃,分析得出炉芯温度低时,炉缸工况差,炉芯温度和铁水温度的相关性弱。     

直流矿热炉熔炼硅锰合金温度场-电磁场数值模拟

采用直流供电成为电弧炉熔炼硅锰合金的发展方向.由于直流供热强度增加,炉衬的温度分布及传热规律需要重新考察及设计.建立了炉衬与炉内熔池耦合的三维非稳态传热模型,研究给定不同外加电压时直流矿热炉炉内的温度场和电磁场.研究表明,外加电压由100 V增大到300 V后,电弧区的最高温度增大了 150％.底电极中心与炉壁的温差T...     

高钙镁钛渣熔盐氯化技术的研究与熔盐氯化炉大型化的探讨

本文通过不同规模和不同内容的工业试验研究,着重论述了钛渣熔盐氯化技术的发展.尤其是高钙镁钛渣采用低浓度氯气(76％和85％)在熔盐氯化技术上应用的成功,不仅解除了人们对氯气中的氧影响四氯化钛质量的顾虑,而且对熔盐氯化炉大型化以及电解镁的阳极氯气直接用于钛渣熔盐氯化炉将具有更重要的现实意义。     

熔盐氯化生产工艺及现实意义

本文对熔盐氯化工艺原理、工艺过程及工艺特点进行了详细的描述,分析了氯化反应过程及熔盐氯化炉内热量情况,指出熔盐氯化技术在我国钛工业未来发展中的重要性。     

氯化钪熔盐制备过程中抑制氯化钪水解试验研究

分析了氯化钪易水解生成ScOCl的机制, 提出了抑制ScOCl生成的研究方案: 在熔盐中加入氯化铵, 从而抑制了无水氯化钪熔盐脱水过程中氯化钪的水解, 制定了脱除氯化铵和剩余结晶水的新工艺.对无水氯化钪熔盐制备过程中脱氯化铵和剩余结晶水阶段的温度、氯化铵用量、时间、升温速度和惰性气体流量等因素对钪水解率的影响进行了试验研究.得出此阶段的最佳工艺条件为: 温度400 ℃, 氧化钪与氯化铵质量比1∶1.5(氧化钪与辅盐质量比1∶5.4), 时间120 min, 升温速度10 ℃·min-1, 惰性气体流量5 L·min-1.     

四氯化钛生产的炉温控制

根据四氯化钛生产的流程和特性,针对熔盐氯化炉炉温控制性能的要求,建立熔盐氯化炉炉温控制方法,完善了各项控制参数,使熔盐氯化炉各项指标达到设计要求,满足生产需要。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.