青海煤用于配煤炼焦的试验和应用研究

包钢钢联股份有限公司焦化厂对新煤种——青海煤进行了一系列配煤炼焦试验研究,将青海煤用于配煤炼焦,可有效地降低焦炭的灰分和硫分;青海煤的配入量在15%以内,通过调整其他煤种的配比,能够保证焦炭质量。青海煤资源的成功应用,为焦化厂开辟了新的煤源。     

2种改善型煤种的配煤炼焦试验研究

对柳林高硫焦煤和俄罗斯肥煤2种改善型煤种煤质进行分析,并分别对比同类常用炼焦煤,结果表明,柳林高硫焦煤和俄罗斯肥煤均为单一煤种,属于优质炼焦煤,具有较高的G值、Y值,可以作为配煤炼焦的基础煤种。20 kg小焦炉炼焦试验结果表明,2种改善型煤种单种煤所得焦炭质量较好,与其他煤种均有较好的配伍性。工业单独配用后焦炭质量的对比表明,2种改善型煤种可改善焦炭质量,降低企业配煤成本。     

攀钢钒煤化工厂降低炼焦配煤成本的研究

在稳定焦炭质量的前提下,为降低炼焦配煤成本,进行了配煤炼焦试验。从单种煤质量及各替代煤种的工业生产数据方面,对价格较低的几种煤与现生产用煤进行了替代性分析。结果表明:选用价格较低的低灰郊区煤、低灰云贵煤和低灰华坪煤代替矿务局煤、贵州煤和川渝煤具有可行性,并根据各煤种的性质和所得焦炭质量,建议低灰郊区煤、低灰云贵煤、低灰华坪煤的替代比例分别为10%~15%、5%、9%,可达到降低炼焦配煤成本的目的。     

焦炭质量的影响因素分析

从影响焦炭质量的配合煤性质和工艺条件两个方面,分析了煤种的灰分和硫分对焦炭化学性质的影响,以及煤种的挥发分、粘结性和生产工艺对焦炭强度性能的影响。配入榆林低变质煤可以有效降低焦炭的灰分和硫含量,但其几乎没有粘结性,因此,配煤时要分析各煤种的粘结性和结焦性指标,以确定低变质煤的配入量并不影响焦炭的强度要求。     

煤岩分析在焦化企业的应用研究

主要从煤岩分析方法对煤种和混煤鉴定、指导配煤、预测焦炭质量、指导进厂煤合理分堆、测定焦炭光学组织等方面进行阐述。研究表明,煤岩分析镜质组反射率分布图对进厂煤质的鉴定及混煤情况的判别效果明显,可优化配煤方案,改善配煤比,稳定焦炭质量,指导合理堆放煤种。     

岩相分析在焦化生产中的应用

利用岩相分析指标结合常规化学指标可以鉴定新煤种、分析供煤基地的煤质变化和发现异常煤,有效监控煤质情况,稳定焦炭质量。并提出针对公司目前煤岩分析设备测试方式为人工测试,不能满足生产需要,需更换煤岩检测设备,采用数字化自动煤岩分析系统,具有操作简单、测定结果精度高的优点。     

不同煤种对熟料煅烧的影响研究试验

为了摸清不同煤种对立窑熟料煅烧的影响,我们对其进行了研究试验。1不同煤种的质量分析试验样本采用山西、邯郸和武安矿的煤,分别对其进行了煤的燃烧速度和煤灰熔点试验。其中,煤的燃烧速度采用煤在815℃温度下的燃尽率表示,燃尽率为煤灼烧10min的烧失量L.S10与灼烧40min的烧失     

我国民用煤现状及污染物排放分析

梳理了民用煤消费量、消费结构、产运销、煤种煤质等情况,分析了全国民用散煤使用现状;类比不同煤种污染物排放情况,分析民用煤燃烧对环境的影响;对比不同燃料取暖期费用及热值,分析各种燃料的经济效益、综合现状及问题,提出了民用煤清洁化利用建议。     

宁东煤在煤气化工艺中的应用分析

对宁夏宁东矿区煤种进行了工业分析和灰成分分析,介绍了宁东地区不同煤种在德士古气化废锅工艺、四喷嘴水煤浆气化工艺及GSP气化工艺中的应用情况。工业应用结果表明:宁东煤是较好的气化原料煤;不同气化技术对煤质要求不同,水煤浆气化工艺要求煤不仅有良好的成浆性能,且黏温曲线要温和;GSP气化技术对煤种的适用性更宽些。在实际运行中,通过不同煤种的配比,宁东地区煤种可以适合多种煤气化技术。     

兖州煤成浆特性分析

以兖日水煤浆石臼中试厂加工的高浓度水煤浆为例 ,分析了兖州煤的成浆特性 ,研究了煤浆浓度与表观粘度的关系、水煤浆的流变性、稳定性情况及分散剂、煤种、煤炭粒径分布等对水煤浆质量的影响     

Modification of sub-bituminous coal by steam treatment: Caking and coking properties

A Chinese sub-bituminous Shenfu (SF) coal was steam treated under atmospheric pressure and the caking and coking properties of the treated coals were evaluated by caking indexes (G_RI) and crucible coking characterizations. The results show that steam treatment can obviously increase the G_RI of SF coal. When the steam treated coals were used in the coal blends instead of SF raw coal, the micro-strength index (MSI) and particle coke strength after reaction (PSR) of the coke increased, and particle coke reactivity index (PRI) decreased, which are beneficial for metallurgical coke to increase the gas permeability in blast furnace. The quality of the coke obtained from 8% of 200 °C steam treated SF coal in coal blends gets to that of the coke obtained from the standard coal blends, in which there was no SF coal addition in the coal blends. The removal of oxygen groups, especially hydroxyl group thus favoring the breakage of the coal macromolecules and allowing the treated coal formation of much more amount of hydrocarbons, may be responsible for the modified results. The mechanism of the steam treatment was proposed based on the elemental analysis, thermo gravimetric (TG) and FTIR spectrometer characterizations of the steam treated coal.     

图像分析系统在煤焦岩相分析中的应用

利用图像分析系统,测定煤焦岩相分析中的煤焦显微组分、煤镜质组反射率和焦炭气孔结构等。借助图像分析系统还可以开展煤焦显微性质的研究,从而为研究优化配煤及改善焦炭热性质提高焦炭质量等方面提供了较好的工具。该系统的应用还需在硬件配置及软件开发方面进一步提高和完善。     

优化配煤结构降低成本的经验

为适应高炉大型化对焦炭质量提出的更高要求,通过开展煤岩分析、优化配煤结构、加大省内主焦煤用量、应用低质低价煤资源、开发利用非炼焦煤资源等措施,稳定了焦炭质量,降低了配煤成本,实现了资源的充分利用。     

Coal blend moisture—a boon or bane in cokemaking?

A by-product coke making plant is required to supply sufficient coke of good quality and adequate gas of high calorific value for the integrated steel plant to be a going concern. The one element that influences the handling of coal and impacts the operation and efficiency of the plant is moisture. Compared to other important properties of the coal blend, moisture can be easily manipulated. The coal moisture can be increased simply by adding water through hose pipes. Also, it can be reduced to 5–6 mass percent using Coal Moisture Control (CMC) and 2–4 mass percent using Dry-cleaned & Agglomerated Pre-compaction System (DAPS). Moisture content is one among the many variables affecting the bulk density of coal blend and those controlling the coke qualities and yield. Increase in moisture reduces coal grindability, coking pressure and internal gas pressure; helps in dust suppression during charging and hence reduces jamming of ascension pipes and hydraulic main. Batteries charging coals with high moisture content are not troubled with roof carbon deposits. It was observed that when moisture content in coal blend of SAIL-Bokaro Steel Plant increased to more than 8.50%, the calorific value of coke oven gas improved. In the working moisture range of 9–11%, the increase of the yield of coke oven gas per 1% of working moisture is 5.2 m³. Studies have shown, however, that the increase in moisture content of coal beyond 8% hampers strong coke formation. Pre-carbonization preheating process generally showed an increase in the proportion of 40–80 mm coke, compared with wet charges. For SAILBokaro coke ovens, driving out 1% moisture from coal blend requires 125 Mega-calories of heat/oven. With lesser moisture, the emission of NO _x in atmosphere will also be low. On using dry to low moisture coal blend, the swelling of coke mass increases leading to difficulty in oven pushings. Hence, an optimum level of moisture content of charge coal needs to be maintained for improving coke oven productivity, coke quality and operational smoothness. The coke oven managers all around the globe maintain this optimum level according to their requirement, the operating conditions, the quality of product and by products, the oven health & age and the ease of handling.     

Utilisation of the binders prepared from coal tar pitch and phenolic resins for the production metallurgical quality briquettes from coke breeze and the study of their high temperature carbonization behaviour

To reduce the cost of the formed coke briquettes which can be used as a substitute fuel to the metallurgical coke for the blast furnace from the coke breeze alternative binders and their blends were used. The high temperature behavior was investigated. The binders tested were: the nitrogen blown, air blown coal tar pitch and the blend of air blown coal tar pitch with the phenolic resins blends. The phenolic resin blends were prepared by mixing equal amount of resole and novalac. From the results, nitrogen blowing resulted in the weakest briquettes. The air blowing procedure should be preferred in place of nitrogen blowing for this purpose. When the air blown coal tar pitch was used alone as a binder, the briquettes must be cured at 200 °C for 2 h, then carbonized at a temperature above 670 °C. Since it requires higher temperature at carbonization stage, using air blown coal tar pitch alone as a binder was not economical. Therefore, the briquettes were prepared from the blended binder, containing air blown coal tar pitch and phenolic resins blend. The optimum amount of air blown coal tar pitch was found to be 50% w/w in the blended binder. Curing the briquettes at 200 °C for 2 h was found to be sufficient for producing strong briquettes with a tensile strength of 50.45 MN/m². When these cured briquettes were carbonized at temperatures 470 °C, 670 °C and 950 °C, their strength were increasing continuously, reaching to 71.85 MN/m² at the carbonization temperature of 950 °C. These briquettes can be used as a substitute for the metallurgical coke after curing; the process might not require un-economical high temperature carbonization stage.     

贫瘦煤配煤炼焦试验及应用

对贫瘦煤进行工业分析、镜质组反射率分析和成焦分析,并对其进行20kg小焦炉的配煤炼焦试验和生产应用,研究分析表明,采用贫瘦煤配煤炼焦在合理调整配比的情况下能够生产出质量合格的焦炭。     

焦炭强度与热性质控制因素分析

在20kg小焦记上进行了11种单种煤和8种配煤方案的炼焦试验,建立了焦炭质量预测模型。结果表明,单一的煤质指标与焦炭强度的关系不明显,多因素指标进行焦炭质量的预测效果较好;焦炭反应性与单一煤质指标中Vd、^—Rmax^0、Ad之间有较好的关系,且随反应温度的升高而增大。     

配入低阶煤炼焦对焦炭性能影响的研究

选用焦煤、1/3焦煤、肥煤、瘦煤、长焰煤进行配煤,堆密度为0.7g/cm3和1.0g/cm3,采用2kg焦炉炼焦,对焦炭的冷态强度和热态性能分析检测,探讨了堆密度及低阶煤加入量对焦炭性能的影响,结果表明,配入低阶煤后,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能变差,配比小于5%时,影响较小,适当提高原料煤堆密度,焦炭的冷态强度及热态性能得到改善。     

Producing high-quality coke from blends of domestic and imported coal at PAO Zaporozhkoks

The evolution of quality requirements on blast-furnace coke indicates the need to use low-sulfur imported coal of the required quality. The best performance characteristics of European blast furnaces are noted. At such furnaces, with the injection of pulverized coal, the consumption of low-reactivity blast-furnace coke is 280.9–355.8 kg/t of hot metal. On the basis of the requirements imposed on coal used in the production of low-reactivity, low-sulfur, high-strength coke, an industrial coking method has been developed and tested at PAO Zaporozhkoks on the basis of Ukrainian, Russian, and United States coal of the required quality. The coke produced is tested in blast furnace 5 at PAO Zaporozhstal’. The results show that coke of improved quality may be obtained from batch containing 50% Ukrainian coal, 30% Russian coal, and 15% United States coal at PAO Zaporozhkoks. Thus, in the first 11 months of 2013, the quality of the blast-furnace coke produced was as follows: moisture content 3.6%; ash content 11.0%; sulfur content 0.78%; M ₁₀ = 6.3%; content of the >80 mm class 4.1%; content of the <25 mm class 3.1%; CRI = 31.8%; CSR = 51.9%.     

配合煤中添加硼系化合物对焦炭性质的影响

考察了不同硼系化合物及添加量对配合煤和焦炭性质的影响。BO、BA、BX加入配合煤中均会使配合煤黏结性和焦炭冷强度劣化,并且随着加入量的增加对焦炭热性能也有劣化趋势。TD加入配合煤中,不影响配合煤的黏结性及焦炭的冷强度,能明显改善焦炭的热性能。光学组织结构检测表明TD有利于焦炭光学显微组分的各向异性发展,XRD分析表明TD提高了焦炭的石墨化程度。