基于粗糙集约简的神经网络集成及其遥感图像分类应用

为降低集成特征选择方法的计算复杂性,提出了一种基于粗糙集约简的神经网络集成分类方法。该方法首先通过结合遗传算法求约简和重采样技术的动态约简技术,获得稳定的、泛化能力较强的属性约简集;然后,基于不同约简设计BP网络作为待集成的基分类器,并依据选择性集成思想,通过一定的搜索策略,找到具有最佳泛化性能的集成网络;最后通过多数投票法实现神经网络集成分类。该方法在某地区Landsat 7波段遥感图像的分类实验中得到了验证,由于通过粗糙集约简,过滤掉了大量分类性能欠佳的特征子集,和传统的集成特征选择方法相比,该方法时间开销少,计算复杂性低,具有满意的分类性能。     

集成特征选择的广义粗集方法与多分类器融合

为改善多分类器系统的分类性能, 提出了基于广义粗集的集成特征选择方法. 为在集成特征选择的同时获取各特征空间中的多类模式可分性信息, 研究并提出了关于多决策表的相对优势决策约简, 给出了关于集成特征选择的集成属性约简 (Ensemble attribute reduction,EAR) 方法, 结合基于知识发现的 KD-DWV 算法进行了高光谱遥感图像植被分类比较实验. 结果表明, EAR 方法与合适的多分类器融合算法结合可有效提高多分类器融合的推广性.     

基于粗糙集约简的神经网络集成及其遥感图像分类应用

为降低集成特征选择方法的计算复杂性,提出了一种基于粗糙集约简的神经网络集成分类方法。该方法首先通过结合遗传算法求约简和重采样技术的动态约简技术,获得稳定的、泛化能力较强的属性约简集;然后,基于不同约简设计BP网络作为待集成的基分类器,并依据选择性集成思想,通过一定的搜索策略,找到具有最佳泛化性能的集成网络;最后通过多数投票法实现神经网络集成分类。该方法在某地区Landsat 7波段遥感图像的分类实验中得到了验证,由于通过粗糙集约简,过滤掉了大量分类性能欠佳的特征子集,和传统的集成特征选择方法相比,该方法时     

一种基于粗糙集属性约简的多分类器集成方法

为提高多分类器系统的分类精度,提出了一种基于粗糙集属性约简的分类器集成方法 MCS_ARS。该方法利用粗糙集属性约简和数据子集划分方法获得若干个特征约简子集和数据子集,并据此训练基分类器;然后利用分类结果相似性得到验证集的若干个预测类别;最后利用多数投票法得到验证集的最终类别。利用UCI标准数据集对方法 MCS_ARS的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,相较于经典的集成方法,方法 MCS_ARS可以获得更高的分类准确率和稳定性。     

超约简求解：效率与性能的提升

利用多重约简的结果搭建一个集成分类框架，已被证实可以显著提升后续学习的性能。超约简方法正是借鉴了这一理念，在约简求解的基础上，通过随机添加额外属性以达到获取多重超约简的目的。显然，基本的约简求解将直接影响超约简方法的效果。鉴于此，从兼顾效率和性能的角度出发，在超约简方法中同时引入属性簇和集成选择机制：属性簇用于加速基本约简的求解过程，集成选择则用于在求解过程中找到更为稳健的属性。在20组UCI数据上的实验结果表明，相比4种前沿的集成策略，所提方法不仅能够显著减少约简求解的时间消耗，而且能够提供更好的分类稳定性和准确率。     

基于重采样与属性约简的多模态选择性集成学习

通过对重采样技术和属性约简方法进行研究,提出一种多模态选择性集成学习算法SE_RSAR.采用重采样方法扰乱样本空间,采用一种基于相对决策熵的属性约简方法扰乱特征空间,通过这种多模态的扰乱策略增加个体分类器之间的差异性.实验在多个UCI数据集上完成,KNN算法被用来训练个体分类器.实验结果表明,相对现有的集成学习算法,SE_RSAR算法能够取得更好的分类效果.     

基于动态加权的粗糙子空间集成

提出一种基于动态加权的粗糙子空间集成方法EROS-DW。利用粗糙集属性约简方法获得多个特征约简子集,并据此训练基分类器。在分类阶段,根据给定待测样本的具体特征动态地为每个基分类器指派相应的权重,采用加权投票组合规则集成各分类器的输出结果。利用UCI标准数据集对该方法的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,相较于经典的集成方法,EROS-DW方法可以获得更高的分类准确率。     

基于属性约简和支持向量机集成的乳腺癌诊断决策

针对遗传算法(GA)与支持向量机(SVM)集成相结合的疾病诊断方法存在属性冗余的问题,提出了一种改进的约简和诊断乳腺癌决策方法。该方法将最小化约简属性个数、最大化区分矩阵可区别属性的个数以及最大化约简属性对决策属性的依赖度这三种目标函数相结合作为GA的适应度函数。在约简属性后取多个子集,以便利用SVM集成学习。在UCI数据库中乳腺癌数据集的实验表明,与原始的SVM算法相比,该方法在分类诊断的准确度以及敏感性方面有一定的提高,其中分类准确度至少提高了2%。     

基于属性序约简的恶意代码检测

研究了已有的恶意代码特征选择和约简方法,针对已有的属性约简方法没有充分利用特征选择评估函数信息的不足,提出以信息增益值和特征的规模对候选特征排序,并使用属性序约简对特征进行约简的方法,分析了时空复杂度,给出了总体设计方案。实验结果验证了属性序约简的应用能够在较短的时间内获得较少的约简结果,使用约简后的特征进行分类准确率较高。     

重要度集成的属性约简方法研究

启发式算法在求解约简的过程中逐步加入重要度最高的属性,但其忽视了数据扰动将会直接引起重要度计算的波动问题,从而造成约简结果的不稳定。鉴于此,提出了一种基于集成属性重要度的启发式算法框架。首先,在原始数据上进行多重采样;然后,在每次循环过程中分别计算各个采样结果上的属性重要度并对这些重要度进行集成;最后,将集成重要度最大的属性加入到约简中去。利用邻域粗糙集方法进行的实验结果表明,基于集成重要度的属性约简算法不仅能够获取更加稳定的约简,而且利用所生成的约简能够得到一致性较高的分类结果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.