Effect of alumina on photocatalytic activity of iron oxides for bisphenol A degradation

To study the photodegradation of organic pollutants at the interface of minerals and water in natural environment, three series of alumina-coupled iron oxides (Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-300, Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-420, and Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3)-550) with different alumina fraction were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barret-Joyner-Halender (BJH), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The XRD results showed that existence of alumina in iron oxides could hinder the formation of maghemite and hematite, and also the crystal transformation from maghemite to hematite during sintering. It has been confirmed that the BET surface area and micropore surface area of Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) catalysts increased with an increased dosage of alumina and with decreased sintering temperature. The pore size distribution also depended on the fraction of alumina. Furthermore, all Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) catalysts had a mixed pore structure of micropore, mesopore and macropore. FTIR results showed that FTIR peaks attributable to Fe-O vibrations of maghemite or hematite were also affected by alumina content and sintering temperature. It was confirmed that the crystal structure and crystalline, the surface area and pore size distribution of Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) catalysts depend strongly on the content of alumina and also sintering temperature. Bisphenol A (BPA) was selected as a model endocrine disruptor in aquatic environment. The effects of alumina on the photocatalytic activity of iron oxides for BPA degradation were investigated in aqueous suspension. The experimental results showed that the dependence of BPA degradation on the alumina content was attributable to the crystal structure, crystalline and also the properties of their surface structures. It was confirmed that the mixed crystal structure of maghemite and hematite could achieve the higher photocatalytic activity than maghemite or hematite alone.     

Bio-inspired fabrication of antireflection nanostructures by replicating fly eyes

In this study, we examined the fine structure of the compound eyes of a household fly and precisely replicated its entire structure using a low-temperature atomic layer deposition technique. The surface of the fly eye is found to be covered by highly packed protuberances, which potentially increases visual efficiency through increased photon capture for a given stimulus. The alumina replica was achieved by removing the fly compound eye template at high temperature, and the alumina coating was crystallized simultaneously. Besides the morphology, the unique antireflection property was also inherited by the alumina replica. By measuring the reflective spectra of the replica, we demonstrated that the alumina replica of a fly eye was an efficient antireflection structure of visible light at an incident angle up to 80°. Such a grating would be particularly useful on a cured corneal surface since it could increase the transmission of incident light through the cornea compared with a smooth surface.     

Al2O3—Coated Nano—SiC Particles Reinforced Al2O3 Matrix Composites

Properties of Al2O3-coated nano-SiC have been compared with those of as-received SiC.The isoelectric point(IEP) of SiC changed from pH3.4 to pH7.3 after coating with the alumina precursor,which is close to that of alumina.Because both surfaces of coated SiC and Al2O3 possess higher positive charge at pH=4.5-5.0 ,they are uniformly dispersed in the two-phase aqueous suspensions.Then a mixed powder containing nano-SiC dispersed homogeneously into the Al2O3 matrix was achieved from flocculating the two-phase suspension.Finally,Al2O3/SiC nanocomposited were obtained by coating nano-SiC with Al2O3 ,in which the majority of SiC particles were located within the Al2O3 grains.The observation by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and the analysis by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) showed that cracks propagated towards the intragranular SiC rather than along prain boundaries.     

Replication of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating for use at extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths: efficiency

Using synchrotron radiation, we have measured the efficiency at an angle of incidence of 10 degrees of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating and three of its fourth-generation replicas. The measured efficiency profile of replicas 1 and 3 prior to multilayer coating oscillated from thin-film interference produced by the replicas' Al/Al2O3/SiO2 structure. A Mo2C/Si multilayer coating was applied to the master grating and replicas 1 and 2. After coating, the maximum grating efficiency occurred in the -2nd order and the maximum values were 12.4% at 143.8 angstroms for the master and 11.6% at 145.2 angstroms for replicas 1 and 2. On the basis of measurements obtained after coating, the derived groove efficiency was 22.2% for the master, 19.4% for replica 1, and 19.3% for replica 2. The groove efficiency of the uncoated replica 3 was 24.3% at 142.5 angstroms. We find that the replicas are reasonably faithful copies of the ion-etched master, and models based on measured atomic force microscope groove profiles are in general agreement with measured results. However, subtle issues remain regarding the widths of the peak order profile and the location of its maximum wavelength.     

硼酸铝晶须增强6061 铝复合材料的界面改性

采用溶胶凝胶C₂Al₂O₃ 涂层涂覆硼酸铝晶须方法来改善硼酸铝晶须增强6061Al 复合材料的界面性能。结果表明: 试验采用的涂覆工艺可以在硼酸铝晶须表面获得40 nm 厚的氧化铝涂层。硼酸铝晶须与铝合金基体在压铸过程中生成的几乎连续的脆性尖晶石产物使晶须连续性结构损伤严重。C₂Al₂O₃ 涂层虽然不能完全阻止界面反应的发生, 但是却有效地抑制了尖晶石界面反应, 保持了硼酸铝晶须的结构完整性。     

Conformal nanocoating of zirconia nanoparticles by atomic layer deposition in a fluidized bed reactor

Primary zirconia nanoparticles were conformally coated with alumina ultrathin films using atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a fluidized bed reactor. Alternating doses of trimethylaluminium and water vapour were performed to deposit Al(2)O(3) nanolayers on the surface of 26?nm zirconia nanoparticles. Transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed ex situ. Bulk Al(2)O(3) vibrational modes were observed for coated particles after 50 and 70?cycles. Coated nanoparticles were also examined with transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Analysis revealed highly conformal and uniform alumina nanofilms throughout the surface of zirconia nanoparticles. The particle size distribution and surface area of the nanoparticles are not affected by the coating process. Primary nanoparticles are coated individually despite their high aggregation tendency during fluidization. The dynamic aggregation behaviour of zirconia nanoparticles in the fluidized bed plays a key role in the individual coating of nanoparticles.     

n-Al2O3P/Ni复合刷镀层的组织和摩擦磨损特性

研究了镍基纳米Al2O3复合电刷镀层（n-Al2O3^p/Ni）的组织特征及擦磨损特性，并与快镍刷镀（Ni)进行了比较。结果表明：n-Al2O3^p/Ni复合刷镀层表面粗糙度更小，组织更致密，镀层摩擦系数随镀液中纳米粒子含量增加稍有增大；n-Al2O3在复合刷镀层中弥散分布，与基相良好结合；复合镀的耐磨性能明显优于Ni刷镀层，镀液中n-Al2O3含量为20g/L时，复合刷镀层具有最佳耐磨性能。     

冷喷涂制备TiAl_3-Al复合层及其抗高温氧化性能

为了提高γ-TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,采用冷喷涂技术在γ-TiAl合金基体上喷涂纯Al层后进行热扩散处理,制备了厚约250μm的TiAl3-Al复合涂层,研究了该涂层在950℃下的长时间高温氧化行为,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了复合涂层的相组成,用场发射电子显微镜研究了其形貌,用电子探针分析了其成分。结果表明:冷喷涂纯Al层致密,存在少量微裂纹和微气孔;TiAl3-Al复合涂层和基体之间生成了TiAl3相,TiAl3与Al的界面有空洞;γ-TiAl合金高温氧化70 h即失重,氧化产物为TiO2和Al2O3的混合物;TiAl3-Al复合涂层进入稳态氧化阶段后,增重缓慢,遵循近抛物线规律,高温氧化1 000 h后涂层仍完好,氧化产物主要为Al2O3相,还有微量的TiO2及钛氮化合物;TiAl3-Al复合涂层提高了γ-TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

Organic nanowire-templated fabrication of alumina nanotubes by atomic layer deposition

Alumina nanotubes were fabricated by a template method. Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (GaQ3) organic nanowires were used as a soft template for coating with alumina using an atomic layer deposition technique. The deposition was conducted at 25 degrees C by using trimethylaluminum and distilled water as the precursors of Al2O3. Amorphous alumina nanotubes were obtained after removing the GaQ3 by dissolving in toluene or by heat treatment at 350 degrees C. The amorphous nanotubes could be crystallized by heating at 900 degrees C for 1 h in vacuum.     

水合作用对阳极氧化多孔Al2O3/Al载体晶态的影响

通过阳极氧化法制备出多孔氧化铝板状催化剂载体,考察了不同水合条件对多孔氧化铝膜性能的影响,并通过TG、XRD、SEM和BET等分析手段研究了Al2O3/Al的晶态形成规律.实验结果表明,最佳水合温度为80℃,非晶态氧化铝发生反应生成AlOOH,经过500℃焙烧可以完全转化为γ-Al2O3.经过水合后制备的γ-Al2O3/Al板状催化剂载体在高温水蒸气氛围下晶型结构稳定性能好.     

钛合金表面梯度Al2O3陶瓷涂层的高温抗氧化性能

钛合金应用广泛,但在高温环境中极易被氧化,降低其力学性能及寿命。利用溶胶-凝胶法在TC11钛合金上制备梯度层(ZrO_2+Al_2O_3)+表层(Al_2O_3)的复合梯度涂层,提高其高温抗氧化能力。将复合梯度涂层、单层氧化铝涂层以及基体在700℃进行100h的高温氧化,利用氧化增重数据拟合得到梯度涂层的氧化速率为0.015mg~2/(cm4·h),氧化指数为2.137,并结合氧化后EDS成分分布,发现复合梯度涂层可以提高基体的高温抗氧化性能。同时利用700℃热震实验比较了复合梯度氧化铝涂层试样和单层氧化铝陶瓷试样的热震次数,梯度层(ZrO2+Al_2O_3)的存在缓解了基体与氧化铝陶瓷涂层之间热膨胀系数不匹配而导致的易剥落的问题,延长了涂层寿命,进一步提高了基体的高温抗氧化能力。     

Replication of butterfly wing in TiO2 with ordered mesopores assembled inside for light harvesting

The replication of butterfly wing in TiO2 with ordered mesopores assembled inside in situ was prepared by the method of ultrasonication and then calcination. The resultant replica presents high surface area, excellent light absorbance in visible range of 400-500 nm and a narrowest band-gap at 2.94 eV in comparison with TiO2 replica without ordered mesopores and commercial TiO2 powder, attributing to the combination of the functionality from the inorganic oxide and the fine hierarchical biological structures and well-distributed mesopores. The facile method is expected to be used for mass product of TiO2 replicas from butterfly wings for potential application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.     

Oxidation Behaviour of Sputtered Ni-3Cr-20Al Alloy

1. IntroductionNi-base superalloys are the important materialsused at high temperature and greatly rely on the presence of Cr and/or Al to form a protective scale ofCrook or Allot. Therefore, the investigation of oxidation of the simple Ni-Cr-Al ternary alloys is beneficial to the understanding of oxidation patterns of complex Ni-base superalloys. Some works have been conducted on the Ni-Cr-Al alloys with normal grain sizeand the results indicated that different oxides couldbe formed accor…     

冷喷涂CoNiCrAlY涂层在Na_2SO_4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为

利用冷喷涂技术制备CoNiCrAlY涂层,并对涂层进行了真空预氧化处理。结合X射线衍射,扫描电镜,能谱分析等方法研究预氧化处理前后的CoNiCrAlY涂层在900℃的Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:冷喷涂CoNiCrAlY涂层含氧量为0.12%(质量分数),孔隙率小于0.28%(体积分数)。真空预氧化处理在涂层表面生成厚约0.26μm连续、致密的α-Al_2O_3氧化膜;喷涂态涂层和预氧化涂层在热腐蚀150h后表面均生成了以α-Al_2O_3为主的致密连续氧化膜,保护了基体免受腐蚀破坏;真空预氧化处理有效减缓了S和O等元素向涂层内扩散的速率,从而提高了涂层的抗Na2SO4熔盐热腐蚀性能;高温热腐蚀对涂层的破坏作用远大于高温氧化。在相同温度下,涂层在单一Na2SO4熔盐中腐蚀时,Al的消耗速率约为高温氧化时的2倍。     

多孔氮化硅表面γ-Y_2Si_2O_7陶瓷涂层的制备及抗热震性能

采用浆料喷涂与高温熔渗结合的方法,以γ-Y_2Si_2O_7和Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2三元氧化物粉体为原料,在多孔Si_3N_4表面制备致密γ-Y_2Si_2O_7陶瓷涂层,采用XRD和SEM测试方法系统研究原料配比及烧结温度对涂层结构、组织和抗热震性能的影响。结果表明:SiO2与Al2O3物质的量之比较高时,涂层为致密γ-Y_2Si_2O_7层和过渡层的双层结构;SiO_2与Al_2O_3物质的量之比较低时,只能形成单层结构;双层结构涂层的抗热震性能优于单层结构涂层。     

H_2O和Y(O)对NiCoCrAl热障涂层高温氧化的影响

分别利用真空等离子沉积和超音速火焰喷涂技术制备含有Y和含Y氧化物的NiCoCrAl涂层,用差热分析和光学及电子显微镜研究两种涂层在Ar-16.7%O_2,Ar-3.3%H_2O和Ar-0.2%H_2-0.9%H_2O气氛中1100℃时的氧化动力学和断面微观结构,通过第一性原理计算对比在不同气氛中含Y氧化物对涂层氧化的影响机理。结果表明:对于NiCoCrAl+Y涂层,Y倾向于向界面扩散并在界面富集导致Al_2O_3膜生成更多有利于内氧化的孔洞,水蒸气更会对内氧化产生促进作用。而对于NiCoCrAl+Y(O)涂层,由于Y在涂层制备过程中被氧钉扎,导致NiCoCrAl+Y(O)涂层在上述气氛中生成了平直而均匀的Al_2O_3层,不同气氛对其氧化行为影响较小。上述研究进一步揭示NiCoCrAl涂层中活性元素Y的存在状态和氧化气氛中的水蒸气对氧化铝组织结构和生长速率有重要影响。     

AZ31B镁合金表面自蔓延反应火焰喷涂Al_2O_3基陶瓷层的组织结构及性能

为了提高火焰喷涂Al2O3基陶瓷涂层的致密度、结合强度和耐磨性,将铝热剂Al/CuO加入氧化铝钛粉(AT)陶瓷骨料中,采用自蔓延(SHS)反应火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Al2O3基复相陶瓷层,并对涂层的组织结构、致密度、抗热震性、结合强度和耐磨性进行了测试,分析了铝热剂对陶瓷层性能的影响。结果表明:与普通火焰喷涂制备的AT陶瓷层相比,SHS反应火焰喷涂制备的Al2O3基陶瓷层内部有Cu2+1O,Cu3TiO5,Al等新相生成,具有良好的致密度、结合强度和显微硬度,其耐磨性较普通火焰喷涂AT层提高较多。     

HP40Nb钢热浸镀Al-Si高温氧化行为及组织研究

为提高高温抗氧化性能,对HP40Nb钢进行了热浸镀Al-10%(质量分数)Si,并进行不同温度扩散处理,研究了不同扩散处理试样在1000℃条件下的高温氧化行为,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析了经不同扩散处理后的渗层在高温氧化过程中的组织结构变化.结果表明:经800℃/4h扩散处理,渗层由内层(NiAl+ Cr3 Si)...     

Effect of Sequence of Impregnation on the Structure and Catalytic Properties of Cu-Co-Al-Oxide System

Twelve samples of Co-Cu/AI2O3 were prepared by impregnating AI2O3 with cobalt salt followed by copper salt or vice versa. The composition of the prepared samples varied in the molar ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with respect to CuO.CoO or CoO:CuO, while Al2O3 content was kept at about 13-15 mol. The prepared solids were calcined at different temperatures and the products were characterized by means of XRD-analysis. The catalytic activity of the calcined solids was tested in H2O2 decomposition. The XRD-analysis revealed that the sequence of impregnation affects much the structure of the samples. The loading of alumina with cobalt followed by copper salts produced sample with structure differs from that for sample firstly treated with copper followed by cobalt salts. XRD- analysis showed the formation of crystalline spinel Co1-x Cux AI2O4 with nearly the same crystal structure as CoAI2O4 even with high copper content. The examination of catalytic activity of these samples showed that catalysts with Co-loaded ov     

氩弧熔覆Fe-Al金属间化合物复合涂层的组织与性能

为改善Fe-Al金属间化合物的力学性能及抗高温氧化性能,利用氩弧熔覆方法在Q235钢上制备了Fe-Al熔覆层和Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、磨粒磨损试验机对氩弧熔覆涂层进行显微组织结构观察和磨损性能测试。采用高温氧化试验对涂层的耐高温氧化性进行了研究。结果表明:Fe-Al熔覆层形成FeAl和Fe_3Al相,而Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆涂层含有FeAl、Fe_3Al和Al_2O_3相;熔覆层的耐磨粒磨损性能优于基体且Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层优于Fe-Al熔覆层;熔覆层的耐高温氧化性能明显提高,在700℃下,Fe-Al熔覆层和Fe-Al/Al_2O_3熔覆层相比于基体分别提高了4.46和5.68倍。