铁磁/铁电复合介质及其超材料结构微波性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用固相法工艺,以钇铁石榴石(Y3Fe5O12,YIG)和钛酸锶钡(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3,BST)为原料,制备出了一系列YIG/BST铁磁/铁电复合介质.利用XRD和SEM对复合介质的物相和微观形貌进行了观察,并对其介电性能、磁性能进行了详细研究.结果表明:在一定温度下烧结所得的复合介质,铁电相和铁磁相两相独立存在.(1-x)YIG-xBST(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)复合介质具有良好的介电性能:室温下,随着频率的升高(10^2~10^6 Hz),各组分复合介质的介电常数和介电损耗逐步下降;频率为1 M Hz时,随着BST含量的增加,复合介质的介电常数升高,介电损耗先急剧减小而后趋于稳定;随着温度的升高(0~400℃),不同频率下各组分复合介质的介电常数、介电损耗逐步增加.复合介质表现出典型软磁体的磁滞回线形状,随着BST含量的增加,饱和磁化强度(Ms)逐渐降低,磁导率减小.同时,对复合介质超材料结构的微波性能进行了研究,结果表明超材料结构可实现磁可调.     

AIN-堇青石玻璃复合材料的介电性能

为了研究热压温度和AIN含量对AIN-堇青石玻璃复合材料烧结和介电性能的影响,采用真空热压方法在900～1000℃低温烧结制备AIN-堇青石玻璃复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和阻抗分析仪对复合材料的微结构和介电性能进行了研究,结果表明,随着热压温度的提高,复合材料的相对密度增加,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗减少;在一定的热压温度下,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗随着AIN引入量的增加而增加,从复合材料的相组成和结构角度对以上结果予以解释,提高热压温度和增加α-堇青石数量均有利于降低复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗,.制备的复合材料具有低的介电常数(5.6～6.5)和低的介电损耗(≤10-3),有望用于微电子封装领域.     

Co掺杂对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3薄膜介电性能的影响

利用溶胶凝胶工艺在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了Co掺杂量为0～10%(摩尔分数)的(Ba0.6Sr0.4) Ti1-xCoxO3薄膜.研究了薄膜的结构、表面形貌、介电性能与Co掺杂量的关系.薄膜的介电损耗随着Co含量的增加而减少,在摩尔含量10%时达到最小值0.0128.FOM值在摩尔含量为2.5%达到最大值20,它的介电常数、介电损耗和调谐量分别为639.42、0.0218、43.6%.     

BaFe12O19／Al2O3—SiO2—K2O微晶玻璃陶瓷的柠檬酸Sol—Gel合成及其微波性能的研究

采用柠檬酸sol-gel工艺合成了BaFe12O19/Al2O3-SiO2-K2O微晶玻璃陶瓷，并对其介电常数及其磁导率在1MHz～6GHz下的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明，BaFe12O19/Al2O3-SiO2-K2O微晶玻璃陶瓷的合成与体系中Fe/Ba、烧结温度密切相关；其介电常数、磁导率基本都随测试频率的增加而下降；介电损耗值最大可达到0.30，磁损耗值较小。     

PLZT（7/40/60）纳米多层膜介电特性研究

经溶胶-凝胶法制备出PLZT（7，40，60）纳米多层膜，对不同温度、不同层数，不同Zr/Ti比的PLZT薄膜的介电性能用精密阻抗分析仪进行介电特性分析。结果表明：煅烧温度的提高、薄膜层数的增加、锆含量的增加等均对PLZT薄膜的相对介电常数和介电损耗均有影响。频率为1kHz，750℃和锆含量为0．45时，薄膜的相对介电常数和介电损耗都最高。     

BaTiO3/SrTiO3多层膜的制备及其介电性质

采用脉冲激光沉积法在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si衬底上制备了BaTiO3／SrTiO3(BTO／STO)多层膜。XRD结果表明：多层膜呈现出明显的(110)择优取向,与Ba0.5Sr0．5TiO3单层膜相比,多层膜的相对介电常数得到了明显的增强,而介电损耗仍然保持在较低的水平。室温下频率为10kHz时,BTO／STO(n=6)多层膜的相对介电常数为506,而介电损耗仅为0．033。薄膜的C-V特性研究表明：多层膜呈现出较好的电容调谐度。     

AlN-堇青石玻璃复合材料的介电性能

为了研究热压温度和AlN含量对AlN-堇青石玻璃复合材料烧结和介电性能的影响,采用真空热压方法在900~1000℃低温烧结制备AlN-堇青石玻璃复合材料.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和阻抗分析仪对复合材料的微结构和介电性能进行了研究.结果表明,随着热压温度的提高,复合材料的相对密度增加,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗减少;在一定的热压温度下,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗随着AlN引入量的增加而增加.从复合材料的相组成和结构角度对以上结果予以解释,提高热压温度和增加α-堇青石数量均有利于降低复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗.制备的复合材料具有低的介电常数(5.6~6.5)和低的介电损耗(≤10-3),有望用于微电子封装领域.     

反应烧结Si3N4透波陶瓷的制备与能研究

以国产Si粉和Si3N4粉为原料,添加适量的Y2O3和Al2O3烧结助剂,经凝胶注模成型后,在流动的高纯氮气氛中,采用反应烧结工艺制备出结构均匀、性能良好的Si3N4透波陶瓷,并深入研究了组分配方和烧结工艺对硅粉氮化率及材料的力学性能与介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:提高烧结温度能明显改善硅粉的氮化程度,当烧结温度超过1450℃、保温4h以上时,硅粉可完全氮化;起始原料中Si3N4含量为65％时,样品的介电性能最好,其介电常数为4.8,损耗角正切值为0.78×10-2;起始原料中Si3N4含量为35％时,样品的力学性能最好,其抗弯强度为129.5MPa.     

常温高性能PMN-PMS-PZT热释电材料

研究了组分改变对PMN-PMS-PZT(铌锰酸铅-锑锰酸铅-锆钛酸铅)热释电陶瓷材料的相组成、介电性能、热释电性能等方面的影响,并对实验结果进行了分析.实验结果表明:通过改变材料Zr/Ti的比例,在陶瓷介电常数εr和介电损耗tanδ变化不大的情况下,使得热释电系数的峰值向室温附近移动;在Zr/Ti=95/5时,常温(28℃)下介电常数占εr=228.5、介电损耗tanδ=0.23%,热释电系数P=25.5×10-4C/m2℃,探测率优值FD=47.3×10-5Pa-1/2,此类材料符合制作热释电红外探测器的要求.     

聚苯胺与Si/C/N复合粉体的制备及其微波介电特性

用原位合成法在Si/C/N纳米粉表面包覆聚苯胺,制备出聚苯胺与Si/C/N复合材料,复合粉体近似球形,粒径为1～3μm.研究了聚苯胺与Si/C/N复合粉在8.2～12.4GHz的微波介电特性,与纳米Si/C/N相比,聚苯胺与Si/C/N复合粉体的ε′、ε"和tanδ有所增加,ε′在5.16～5.88范围内波动,ε"的变化范围为1.96～2.53,介电损耗角正切值达到了0.43,具有较好的微波介电特性.在8～12.4GHz范围内随频率的增加,聚苯胺与Si/C/N复合粉体的ε′、ε"和tanδ值均出现频响效应,是较为理想的微波吸收材料.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...