镁镍系储氢合金箔的制备研究

根据机械合金化和界面固相扩散反应的基本原理,合成出了一系列不同原子配比的Mg-Ni系储氢合金箔(Mg,Ni原子配比分别是81,41,21及11).研究了Mg-Ni系储氢合金箔的组成及其储氢性能.结果表明,Mg8Ni合金箔的吸放氢温度最低可降至300 ℃,Mg4Ni和Mg2Ni合金箔在250 ℃就可部分氢化,且放氢量均可达到2.5%(质量分数)以上;MgNi合金箔吸氢量较低,但放氢温度有所降低.     

添加剂CeO_2对La_2Mg_(17)-50% Ni储氢性能的影响

研究了球磨添加CeO2对La2Mg17-50%(质量分数,下同)Ni复合合金的相结构和储氢性能的影响,并对合金的形貌和吸放氢性能进行了检测。XRD结果表明,球磨加入CeO2后,在La2Mg17-50%Ni合金中除了Mg2Ni和Ni相外,产生Ce Mg12相。SEM形貌图清晰地看见CeO2附在La2Mg17-50%Ni合金表面上呈白色小颗粒。吸氢动力学性能表明,加入CeO2后,使La2Mg17-50%Ni合金的最大吸氢量从3.298%增加到3.594%。添加CeO2后合金的最佳饱和吸氢温度降为200℃(3 MPa),且吸氢动力学性能提高至1 min内的吸氢量达到3.382%,是其最大吸氢量的94%。然而,CeO2在放氢过程中的积极作用并不明显。     

金属钒对镁基合金储氢性能的影响

镁及镁基储氢合金具有储氢容量高、成本低及污染小等优点,被认为是用于车载储氢方面较有前途的材料。然而镁基合金存在吸放氢温度较高,吸放氢速度较慢的缺点,抑制了它的实际应用。研究表明,制备多元镁基合金可明显改善合金的储氢性能。采用氢化燃烧合成(Hydriding Combustion Synthesis-HCS)和机械球磨(Mechanical Milling-MM),即HCS+MM技术复合制备Mg90Ni10-xVx(x=0,2,4,6,8)合金。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及气体反应控制器研究了HCS+MM产物的相组成、表面形貌以及吸放氢性能。XRD分析表明,不同合金均含有MgH2,Mg2NiH4,Mg2NiH0.3,Mg以及VHy相,随着V含量的增加,VHy的相含量逐渐增加,而Mg2Ni氢化物含量逐渐减少。SEM结果表明,Mg90Ni4V6和Mg90Ni2V8合金的颗粒平均尺寸较小且分布比较均匀。Mg-Ni-V合金的吸氢性能优于二元Mg-Ni合金,Mg90Ni4V6的吸氢性能最好,在373 K,合金的吸氢量达到5.25%,且在50 s内就基本达到饱和吸氢量。V可以细化晶粒,使合金内部晶界增多,有利于氢的扩散;并且当合金中的V与Mg2Ni达到一定比例时,对合金的吸氢具有协同催化作用,改善了合金的吸氢性能。Mg-Ni-V合金的放氢性能不如二元Mg-Ni合金,说明在放氢过程中Mg2Ni的催化作用优于V。     

V-Ni二元合金的吸放氢性能

研究了V100-xNix（x=0～12％（原子分数））二元合金的活化性能、吸氢动力学性能、放氢PCT性能及吸放氢过程相结构的变化。Ni的添加提高了钒的活化性能和动力学性能。随着Ni含量的增加，γ相的分解压逐渐升高，稳定性降低。在20℃，3MPa氢压下，当Ni含量高于0．5％（原子分数）时，γ相的含量迅速降低，饱和吸氢量明显减少，当Ni含量超过2％（原子分数）时，γ相消失。增加Ni含量，有利于降低B相的含量，提高B相的分解压。随着Ni含量的增加，合金的晶格常数呈线性趋势降低。     

AB5型含Mn储氢合金的研究综述

文章评述了近年来人们对提高AB5型含Mn储氢合金综合性能所进行的研究。通过综述AB5型含Mn稀土系储氢合金Mn在合金中的作用及Mn含量变化、显微结构等对储氢合金的影响,得出储氢合金中Mn对吸氢平台压力、储氢容量、吸放氢速率、循环寿命的影响。通过利用Mn元素对B侧元素的部分或全部替代或Mn被其它元素替代,可以对AB5型储氢合金进行更深入研究,从而进一步提高其综合性能。     

Ti-Mn基高容量固态低压储氢合金研究

为了推动氢储能系统的实用化，需要开展用于规模储氢用途的储氢合金的配方研究。以Ti_0.95Zr_0.05Mn₂合金作为研究对象，开发储氢量高、平台压力合适且容易活化AB₂型储氢合金，系统研究加入V-Fe，调整Mn含量，以及用纯金属V与Fe替代V-Fe等方法对调整储氢合金性能的作用。研究发现加入V-Fe会使得储氢合金晶格参数增大，提高储氢合金的活化性能，但过多V-Fe会大幅度降低合金吸/放氢平台压与储氢量；提高Mn含量会导致吸/放氢平台与上升，储氢量先增后减，在A侧元素稍微过量时(B/A=1.96(摩尔比))有利于获得综合性能较好的合金；用纯金属V与Fe替代V-Fe能进一步提高储氢合金性能，随着Fe/V比例增加，合金储氢量下降，吸/放氢平台压上升，平台斜率下降。最终优化出综合性能良好的Ti_0.95Zr_0.05Mn_1.46 V_0.39Fe_0.13，该合金能在80℃下活化，在20℃吸放氢平台分别为1....     

氢化燃烧法合成镁基储氢合金进展

以Mg2 Ni为例系统综述了氢化燃烧法制备镁基储氢合金的进展 ,包括其工作原理 ,氢化燃烧法和其它制备镁基储氢合金方法的比较 ,影响氢化燃烧的因素以及材料的氢化特性。较为详细地介绍了国内外的研究状况并进行比较 ,通过比较Mg2 Ni、Mg2 FeH6 、Mg2 CoH5等储氢合金的吸氢性能 ,指出制备镁基储氢合金的理想发展方向应该是采用复合方法获得实用产品 ,即结合氢化燃烧 ,机械合金化 ,多元化 ,纳米化等方法 ,制备非晶态合金 ,以期达到低温下吸放氢量大于 5 %(质量分数 ) ,具有良好的动力学性能 ,使用寿命长 ,低价格的效果。     

还原氧化石墨烯负载次氯酸镧纳米复合物催化增强Mg-Al合金储氢性能

在氩气保护下采用热处理并结合机械合金化制备Mg-Al合金,同时以氧化石墨烯(GO)、LaCl_3以及NaOH作为原材料,通过化学还原法制备还原氧化石墨烯负载次氯酸镧(LaClO@rGO)纳米复合物,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、压力-成分-温度(PCT)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段表征LaClO@rGO纳米复合物的添加对Mg-Al合金储氢性能的影响。研究表明Mg-Al合金主要由Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg组成,Mg-Al合金的初始吸/放氢温度分别为150. 3和277. 4℃,添加LaClO@rGO复合材料后,合金的初始吸/放氢温度下降到97. 0和206. 8℃,比纯Mg-Al合金初始吸放氢温度分别下降了53. 3和70. 6℃,且Mg-Al-LaClO@rGO复合材料在250℃即可实现可逆吸放氢。此外,在LaClO@rGO纳米材料的催化作用下,在温度为150℃时,Mg-Al-LaClO@rGO吸氢速率相当于Mg-Al合金吸氢速率的6. 37倍;在温度为275℃时,Mg-Al-LaClO@rGO复合材料的脱氢速率相当于Mg-Al合金脱氢速率的3. 0倍。显然,LaClO@rGO纳米复合材料的添加,不仅能提高Mg-Al合金的可逆储氢性能,还能提高Mg-Al合金的吸放氢动力学性能。     

镁碳纳米储氢材料的制备及其性能的研究

用镁与炭化无烟煤混合后进行充氢球磨的方法,制备镁碳储氢材料。运用扫描电镜和透射电镜对储氢材料的粒径、微观形貌及晶形结构进行了表征,运用热重分析仪和差示扫描量热仪对材料的吸放氢性能进行了测试。实验发现,在镁中添加碳进行充氢球磨时,可以在5h内使粒径达到50-100nm。随着碳添加量的增大,镁碳储氢材料的储氢量下降,放氢温度升高。材料Mg3.0C2.0(碳添加量40%)的储氢量2.61%,放氢温度295℃。活性金属Mo对镁碳材料吸放氢性能有着明显的改善作用。     

掺杂金属氧化物对Mg基储氢合金性能的影响

Mg基储氢合金储量丰富、价格低、具有较高的储氢容量且环保无污染,是一种很有发展前景的储氢材料。但是该类合金吸放氢动力学性能差、吸放氢温度高,氢化物稳定不易分解,这些缺点使其应用受到一定限制。通过在Mg基储氢合金中进行元素替代或催化掺杂可以达到改善性能的作用。其中,在Mg基储氢合金中掺杂氧化物改善合金储氢性能的研究工作引起广泛关注。本文系统地分析总结了近年来在Mg基储氢合金中掺杂氧化物改善储氢性能的研究成果,对于开发具有商业价值的镁基储氢材料具有一定指导意义。     

Investigation of Structure and Hydriding Properties of La0.6 Nd0.4 Ni4.8 Mn0.2 Cux Alloys

The structure and hydriding performance of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux (x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys were investigated in order to develop suitable materials for metal hydride air conditioner. The effect of Cu addition on the crystal structure,equilibrium pressure, hydrogen capacity and hysteresis as well as hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics were systematically studied by using the measurement of P-C isotherms, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. As the amount of Cu increases, the plateau pressure increases and hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics is improved, but the effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases. It is shown that variations in the basal plane parameter a can be used as an indication for the plateau pressure changes. With the increase of parameter a, the plateau pressure decreases. For La0.6 Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux(x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys there is a relationship between the effective hydrogen storage capacities and the ratios of their unit cell parameters c and a. The effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases with increase of a/c.     

Microstructures and hydrogen storage properties of as-cast and copper-mould-cast LaMg4Ni alloys

Phase compositions, morphologies and hydrogen storage properties of the as-cast and copper-mould-cast LaMgaNi alloys were studied. The dehydriding onset temperature of the as-cast alloy hydride was about 500 K, which was at least 50 K higher than that of the copper-mould-cast one, and the copper-mould-cast alloy hydride had a faster dehydriding rate compared with as-cast one. Additionally, the copper-mould-cast alloy could uptake 2.85 wt.% hydrogen, which was 95.0% of saturated hydrogen storage capac- ity at room temperature. While only 1.80 wt.% hydrogen （60% of saturated capacity） was absorbed for the as-cast alloy under the same conditions. The reversible hydrogen storage capacities and plateau hydrogen pressures of the two alloys were close. X-ray dif- fractions and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that similar thermodynamic property of the two alloys should be ascribed to the same hydrogen storage phase, Mg and MgzNi. The better hydrogen sorption kinetics of copper-mould-cast alloy should be as- cribed to the more uniform phase distribution compared with that of the as-cast one.     

Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy

The phase structure and hydrogen storage property of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were studied.XRD and SEM results exhibited that LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy consisted mainly of LaMg3,La2Mg17 and LaMg2Ni phases;after hydriding/dehydriding process,all the three phases transformed,La3H7 phase existed and the actual hydrogen absorption phases were Mg and Mg2Ni phases.Pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T)measurement showed that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was 2.63 wt.%,and the absorption time for reaching 90%of the storage capacity was 124 s at 523 K,and it was 1850 s for deabsorbing 90%of the maximum dehydrogen capacity.The hydriding process of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy followed the nucleation and growth mechanisms.The enthalpy and entropy for hydriding and dehydriding reactions of the Mg phase in LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were calculated to be-66.38±1.10 kJ/mol H2,-100.96±1.96 J/(K·mol)H2 and 68.50±3.87 kJ/mol H2,98.28±5.48 J/(K·mol)H2,respectively.A comparison of these data with those of MgH2(-74.50 kJ/mol H2,-132.30 J/K·mol H2)suggested that the hydride of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was less stable than MgH2.The existence of La hydride and synergetic effect of multiphase led to higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity and better kinetic property at lower temperature for LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy.     

Effect of Preparation Methods on Hydriding Properties of La1.5Mg17 Ni0.5 Composite Materials

La1.5Mg17Ni0.5 hydrogen storage materials were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis (HCS) and mechanical alloying (MA) method respectively. The experimental results show that the hydrogen absorption properties of La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA are better than that by HCS. La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA can absorb 6.73 mass% hydrogen at 523 K within 1 min, and 4.92 mass% hydrogen at 423 K. The improvement of hydriding properties of La1.5Mg17Ni0.5alloy prepared by MA can be ascribed to the formation of nano-crystalline and defects during the mechanical alloying.     

Hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg20-xLaxNi10（X=0-6） alloys prepared by melt-spinning

In order to improve the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation performances of the Mg2Ni-type alloys, Mg was partially substituted by La in the alloy, and melt spinning technology was used for the preparation of the Mg20-xLaxNi10 (x=0, 2, 4, 6) hydrogen storage alloys. The structures of the alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that no amorphous phase formed in the as-spun La-free alloy, but the as-spun alloys containing La held a major amorphous phase. When La content x≤2, the major phase in the as-cast alloys was Mg2Ni phase, but with further increase of La content, the major phase of the as-cast alloys changed into LaNi5+LaMg3 phase. Thermal stability of the as-spun alloys was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing that spinning rate was a negligible factor on the crystallization temperature of the amor-phous phase. The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the as-cast and as-spun alloys were measured using an automatically con-trolled Sieverts apparatus, confirming that the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacities and kinetics of the as-cast alloys clearly in-creased with rising La content. For La content x=2, the as-spun alloy displayed optimal hydrogen desorption kinetics at 200 ℃.     

Effect of praseodymium substitution for lanthanum on structure and properties of La0.65-xPrxNd0.12Mg0.23Ni3.4Al0.1（X=0.00-0.20） hydrogen storage alloys

In order to investigate the effect of substituting La with Pr on structural and hydrogen storage properties of La-Mg-Ni system (AB3.5-type) hydrogen storage alloys, a series of La0.65-xPrxNd0.12Mg0.23Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses revealed that two alloys (x=0.0 and 0.10) were composed of (La, Mg)2(Ni,Al)7 phase, La(Ni,Al)5 phase and (La,Mg)Ni2 phase, while other alloys (x=0.15 and 0.20) consisted of (La,Mg)2(Ni,Al)7 phase, La(Ni,Al)5 phase, (La,Mg)Ni2 phase and (La, Mg)(Ni,Al)3 phase. All alloys showed, however, only one pressure plateau in P-C isotherms. The Pr/La ratio in alloy composition influenced hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics properties. Elec-trochemical studies showed that the discharge capacity decreased from 360 mAh/g (x=0.00) to 335 mAh/g (x=0.20) as x increased. But the high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of alloy electrodes increased from 26% (x=0.00) to 56% (x=0.20) at a discharge current density of Id=1800 mA/g. Anode polarization measurements were done to further understand the electrochemical kinetics properties after Pr substitution.     

Mg_(10)Al_((7-x))Li_2Ti_x(x=0,1,2,3)合金的制备及储氢性能研究

在氩气保护下,采用机械合金化法制备Mg_(10)Al_((7-x))Li_2Ti_x(x=0,1,2,3)合金,并通过XRD、SEM以及DSC等手段对合金进行表征。结果表明,适量的Ti替代Al可以提高合金的吸氢量、降低合金的初始氢化/脱氢温度和提高合金氢化/脱氢动力学性能。Mg_(10)Al_((7-x))Li_2Ti_x(x=1,2,3)合金样品比Mg10Al7Li2合金的初始氢化温度都降低了62K,而初始脱氢温度则分别降低了77、98和59K。当Ti的替代量为x=2时,合金的综合储氢性能最好。     

Enhancing (de)hydrogenation kinetics properties of the Mg/MgH_2 system by adding ANi_5(A=Ce,Nd,Pr,Sm,and Y) alloys via ball milling

Magnesium(Mg)-based alloys have already been widely studied as the hydrogen storage materials because of their high reversible hydrogen storage capacity,low cost,light weight,etc.However,the poor de/hydrogenation kinetic properties dramatically hinder the practical applications.In this work,the MgH_2-ANi_5(A=Ce,Nd,Pr,Sm,and Y) composites were prepared by a high-energy ball milling method.which can effectively refine the particle size thus improving the kinetic properties.Experimental results reveal that the MgH_2-ANi_5 composites mainly consist of Mg_2 NiH_4,MgH_2 and rare earth(RE) hydride,which will be dehydrogenated to form Mg_2 Ni,Mg and stable RE hydride reversibly.Accordingly,the asmilled MgH_2-ANi_5(A=Ce,Nd,Pr,Sm,and Y) composites with various A-elements can respectively contribute to a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 6.16 wt%,5.7 wt%,6.21 wt%,6.38 wt%,and 6.5 wt%at a temperature of 300℃,and show much better kinetic properties in comparison to the pure MgH_2 without any additive.In-situ formed Mg_2 Ni and stable RE hydride(such as CeH_(2.73) and YH_2) might act as effective catalysts to significantly improve the hydrogen storage properties of MgH_2.The present work provides a guideline on improving the kinetic properties of the Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys.     

氢化燃烧合成与机械合金化复合制备LaMg_(11.5)Ni_(0.5)储氢材料

采用氢化燃烧合成和机械球磨复合制备了LaMg11.5Ni0.5三元储氢材料,物相分析可知,该体系由MgH2、Mg、Mg2NiH4,Mg2NiH0.3,LaH2以及少量LaNi5H0.3构成.氢化燃烧合成产物LaMg11.5Ni0.5经20h球磨后,在423K时,100s内达到饱和吸氢量3.42%(质量分数);在523K时,1 800s内放氢基本完全,放氢量为3.29%(质量分数).研究表明,该产物在523K时的放氢过程受界面移动过程控制.