乳状液膜处理含锌废水的研究进展

本文综述了乳状液膜分离技术处理含锌废水中流动载体，表面活性剂，破乳以及工业应用等方面的研究进展情况，包括用该技术处理工业含锌废水在我国及奥地利工业规模应用的经验。     

中和凝聚沉淀法处理含锌废水

工业生产中排放的含锌废水给人类和环境带来危害,为了加强环境保护,对工厂排放的含锌废水必须进行治理,目前,国内处理含锌废水的方法大多为中和沉淀法和离子交换法,在电镀、化纤、化工等工业企业中已有较广泛的应用。为使高浓度含锌废水达到排放标准,不少单位还采用了两者串联的两级处理流程进行处理,取得了一定的效果。然而生产实践表明,由于两级处理含锌废水的流程比较复杂,再生操作的管理要求较高,树脂再生需要耗费较多的酸碱,所以在生产运行中不仅废水的处理费用较高,而且再生液的进一步处理仍然存在麻烦,加上整个处理装置的基建投资较大,因此,对于长期运行的大、中型含锌废水处理系统而言,采用上述方法就显得很不经济,尚有进一步改进的必要。     

离子交换法处理电镀工业含锌废水

本文综合介绍了阳离子交换树脂、阴离子交换树脂在处理电镀工业各种含锌废水的应用原理,工艺路线和影响因素。并列举了一些应用实例。     

含锌废水处理研究进展

含锌废水的传统处理方法,如物理法和化学法的不足之处在于费用高,2次污染大。微生物法在含锌废水处理方面的研究取得了显著进展,一些研究成果已投放工程应用。生物吸附法对含锌废水的处理有着广阔的应用前景。     

树脂法处理含锌废水

文章扼要地介绍了不同类型的树脂,处理不同来源的含锌工业废水的情况。如在丝纺工业、电镀、焊接工业及冷却水系统废水处理过程可选用的树脂,所取得的处理效果。     

液膜法处理含锌废水的研究

<正> 工业中的含锌废水是一种对人体和多种生物产生潜在危险的物质,锌的含量过高会导致缺氧症扩大,危害农作物生长。国家对含锌废水的排放标准是锌不大于5PPm。目前电镀厂、电池厂及其他方面的大量含锌废水,其处理方式均不理想。用液膜法代替其他方法处理含锌废水,不仅工艺设备简单,分离速度快,耗能少,而且乳液可以再生,     

橡胶工业企业中含锌污水的净化

锌是橡胶工业企业污水中最有毒的物质之一,它以无机盐和有机盐的形式存在(二硫代氨基甲酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌等以及其他形式)。当这些污水排入渔业养殖池时,允许水中含锌浓度不超过0.01毫克/升。进入生化处理设施的污水,含锌浓度不超过1.0毫克/升。橡胶工业企业出厂总排水中锌的含量取决于生产所用的原材料和生活污水的排放量,因此锌的含量可能在2～190毫克/升范围内波动。这样的含锌污水是很难直接送至城市的生物净化设施进行净化的。     

磷系复合锌盐在碱性循环冷却水中的应用

近年来在工业循环冷却水水质稳定处理中,碱性含锌水处理技术,已日趋发展,锌离子作为缓蚀剂,抑制阴极反应是很明显的。国内几家如沧化、吉化、安庆及大庆等单位采用磷系复合锌盐配方,均取得了较好的效果和经验,本文以沧化为例进行说明。     

利用工业废渣制取氧化锌的工艺研究

主要研究了利用含锌工业废渣湿法生产氧化锌的新工艺。探讨了本工艺的化学原理、工艺流程及酸浸、净化除杂、合成碱式碳酸锌、制取氧化锌的主要操作步骤,该方法具有投资少、成本低、设备简单、操作方便等优点。为含锌工业废渣的合理利用开辟了一条有效途径。     

电镀污水处理中的零排放技术分析

本文研究介绍了电镀污水的产生及零排放技术内涵,并结合工程实例分析了零排放技术在电镀污水中的应用,结果证实零排放技术在钾盐镀锌电镀处理中的应用,截留率、产水量较好。含铬、含锌的污水均被回用于电镀生产,回用率达到100%。处理1m³污水需要6.2元,回收原辅材料4.5g,能够减少运行成本,节省新鲜水用量,每天可减少330m³污水排放,具有较高的经济效益与环境效益。     

Emulsion Liquid Membrane Pertraction of Zinc and Copper: Analysis of Emulsion Formation using Computational Fluid Dynamics

This work reports on a study of batch extraction of metal ions (copper and zinc) from dilute aqueous solutions as well as recovery of copper from electroplating waste water by the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique. Several experiments were conducted to assess the effect of membrane composition on metal recovery. The effect of surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, and emulsification time on the emulsion stability has been reported. The velocity profile and flow model of the two‐phase mixing system during the preparation of the emulsion was generated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The batch extraction was carried out under various experimental conditions, such as agitation speed, M/E ratio, solute concentration in the feed phase, and carrier concentration in the membrane phase on the percentage recovery of zinc and copper ions in their respective feed streams. The operating parameters were optimized for maximum recovery. A comparison on the percentage recovery was made between synthetic solution and electroplating effluent containing copper ions.     

Liquid Emulsion Membranes and Their Applications in Biochemical Processing

Abstract

The potential for liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) systems in biochemical applications and their advantages over conventional systems are discussed. Examples are cited where LEMs have been used to successfully separate organic acids, amino acids, and antibiotics. The use of LEMs to immobilize cells and enzymes to synthesize antibiotics and amino acids as well as decontaminate biological waste streams is described. Enzyme systems immobilized in LEMs are quantitatively evaluated via traditional engineering approaches. In light of the above analysis, the potential LEM process difficulties of membrane breakage, swell, and selectively are examined. New biological applications for LEMs are suggested.     

乳状液膜法处理含酚水溶液的研究

采用Span80、石蜡、NaOH所组成的乳状液膜体系进行含酚废水处理。讨论了NaOH含量、水乳比对提取率的影响并得出较优条件。     

乳化液膜法脱除废水中酚的正交实验研究

化工过程排放的部分废水中酚类的质量分数比较高,含酚废水是水体的重要污染物之一,对含酚废水进行脱酚处理,有利于保护环境和回收酚类物质。在模拟含酚废水情况下,对乳化液膜法脱酚进行了正交实验研究,乳化液膜体系为水/油/水型,内水相为氢氧化钠溶液,外水相为含酚水溶液,膜相为煤油。在最优实验条件下,苯酚的脱除率达到99.8%。     

撞击流-旋转填料床乳状液膜法处理含酚废水的研究(Ⅱ)

研究了利用撞击流-旋转填料床乳状液膜法处理含酚废水的实验过程中几个主要参数对制乳率以及最终提取率的影响。讨论了几种膜添加剂对膜稳定性的影响以及床层填料、不同的水油比、水乳比对制乳率和提取率的影响并得出较优条件。     

EVALUATION OF EXTRACTANT-COATED FERROMAGNETIC MICROPARTICLES FOR THE RECOVERY OF HAZARDOUS METALS FROM WASTE SOLUTION

ABSTRACT

A magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) process developed at Argonne National Laboratory is a compact method for the extraction of transuranic (TRU) metals from, and volume reduction of, liquid waste streams that exist at many DOE sites. The MACS process utilized the selectivity afforded by solvent extractant/ion-exchange materials in conjunction with magnetic separation to provide a more efficient chemical separation. Recently, the principle of the MACS process has been extended to the evaluation of acidic organophosphorus extractants for hazardous metal recovery from waste solutions. Moreover, process scale-up design issues were addressed in respect to particle filtration and recovery.

Two acidic organophosphorus compounds have been investigated for hazardous metal recovery, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex® 301). These extractants coated onto magnetic microparticles demonstrated superior recovery of hazardous metals from solution as compared with data from solvent extraction experiments. The results illustrate the possibility for diverse applications of this technology for dilute waste streams. Preliminary process scale-up experiments with a high-gradient magnetic separator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory revealed the potential for very low microparticle loss rates.     

在冷轧厂废水处理中污染陶瓷超滤膜的清洗

采用陶瓷超滤膜技术处理乳化液废水,具有出水水质稳定、浓缩乳化液含水率低、便于回收、无二次污染等特点.对超滤膜清洗的方式进行了研究,结果表明,温度为48～50℃,进出口压力分别为0.40MPa和0.19MPa的条件下,使用质量浓度为2%～2.5%的阴离子表面活性剂、pH为3的酸洗液、pH为11的碱洗液对无机陶瓷超滤膜进行清洗可达到理想的清洗效果.     

DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF A LIQUID MEMBRANE ENZYME REACTOR FOR THE DETOXIFICATION OF BLOOD

Liver failure causes the enrichment of different lipophilic metabolites: phenol derivatives, mercaptans and short-chain fatty acids in blood. The removal of these toxines from blood is necessary to avoid death and to support the liver's self-regeneration. The liquid surfactant membrane technique with consecutive chemical reaction is used for this purpose.

Liquid membranes were developed for the extraction of fatty acids. Enhancement of mass transfer is achieved by an instantaneous chemical reaction inside the emulsion globules, selectivity is obtained by using a suitable carrier. Essential fatty acids are not affected. Phenolic compounds are removed by extraction and consecutive enzymatic reaction inside the liquid membrane globules. This way of detoxification is identical with elimination in the living organism. Furthermore, a new model is being developed to describe the results of phenol extraction. This model makes possible the simulation of the detoxification process in the human organism. A flow sheet is proposed showing how to apply the liquid surfactant membrane technique to artificial liver support and the detoxification rate is calculated. Artificial liver Liquid membrane Blood detoxification     

改进的液膜传递模型

本文提出了一种新的用来描述乳状液型的液膜,Ⅰ型促进传递分离体系的数学模型。引入了内相对流和分离过程中乳液平均滴径随时间变化的概念。提出了用两阶段模型来描述实际液膜分离体系的观点。即:在前一阶段应该考虑内相对流和乳液滴径变化,而后一阶段则可不考虑上述二因素的渐近前沿模型来描述。     

Separation of Phenol from Waste Water by the Liquid Membrane Technique

Abstract

The removal of phenol and other weakly ionized acids and bases from waste water is described when using the liquid membrane emulsion technique. Mathematical relationships are derived for the theoretical distribution and for the rate of permeation of phenol into the emulsion.