一种支持访问控制的用户界面设计模型*

针对传统界面设计方法不能很好地支持多用户访问控制建模的缺点,提出一个面向多用户访问控制的用户界面ACUI（access control user interface）模型。该模型在传统界面设计模型的基础上,引入了RBAC（role based access control）机制,通过对用户模型中的角色及用例进行形式化分析,并根据内部模型中描述的界面构成元素及其交互关系,在用户界面模型中给出了针对不同角色的界面展示规则和界面布局树,最终实现了界面代码的自动生成。实验证明,该模型能很好地指导多用户权限访问控制     

AdHoc网络功率控制协议应用与设计改进

对有关的网络功率控制协议进行了比较深入地分析,根据Ad Hoe网络的特点与需求,提出由单信道改为一个控制信道和一个数据信道双信道的协议,有效地解决了引入功率控制而产生的隐藏节点等问题,并在节省功率的同时提高了网络容量.     

The role of task analysis in capturing requirements for interface design

Recently, the role of task analysis in design has been brought into question. It has been argued, for example, that task analysis leads to the non-creative redesign of existing artefacts. In this paper. we offer a view of task analysis that resolves this problem. In particular, we argue that by focusing upon the analysis of user/operator goals rather than an existing task implementation, task analysis encourages novel and apt design. A reformulation of hierarchical task analysis is offered, based on the sub-goal template (SGT) scheme. The SGT scheme provides a notation for goal-oriented task analysis and defines an appropriate level at which task analyses can inform the design process without constraining it to existing task implementations. The SGT scheme is compared with the systems analysis-based design methodology SSADM and the advantages of each approach are reviewed.     

The human-computer interface hierarchy model and strategies in system development

With the rapid introduction of computer systems into various practical settings, there has been a great need for theoretical guidance, and for system development strategies. Based on results of research on the organizational interface in Chinese enterprises, a LISREL model of human-computer interface hierarchy was built. Three useful strategies: computer expertise, system connectivity and participation strategies were formulated according to the Interface Hierarchy Model. The implications of the Model and related strategies were highlighted in relation to system development tasks and relative to the macro-ergonomics perspective.     

User productivity as a function of AutoCAD interface design

Increased operator productivity is a desired outcome of user-CAD interaction scenarios. Two objectives of this research were to (1) define a measure of operator productivity and (2) empirically investigate the potential effects of CAD interface design on operator productivity, where productivity is defined as the percentage of a drawing session correctly completed per unit time. Here, AutoCAD provides the CAD environment of interest. Productivity with respect to two AutoCAD interface designs (menu, template) and three task types (draw, dimension, display) was investigated. Analysis of user productivity data revealed significantly higher productivity under the menu interface condition than under the template interface condition. A significant effect of task type was also discovered, where user productivity under display tasks was higher than productivity under the draw and dimension tasks. Implications of these results are presented.     

The effects of animations on verbal interaction in computer supported collaborative learning

Abstract This paper focuses on the interaction patterns of learners studying in pairs who were provided with multimedia learning material. In a previous article, we reported that learning scores were higher for dyads of an ‘animations’ condition than for dyads of a ‘static pictures’ condition. Results also showed that offering a persistent display of one snapshot of each animated sequence hindered collaborative learning. In the present paper, further analyses of verbal interactions within learning dyads were performed in order to have a better understanding of both the beneficial effect of animations and the detrimental effect of the presence of persistent snapshots of critical steps on collaborative learning. Results did not show any differences in terms of verbal categories between the two versions of the instructional material, that is, static versus animated pictures. Pairs who were provided with persistent snapshots of the multimedia sequences produced fewer utterances compared to participants without the snapshots. In addition, the persistent snapshots were detrimental both in terms of providing information about the learning content and in terms of producing utterances solely for the purpose of managing the interaction. In this study, evidence also showed that these two verbal categories were positively related to learning performances. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that the negative effect of persistent snapshots was mediated by the fact that peers of the snapshots condition produced less information providing and interaction management utterances. Results are interpreted using a psycholinguistic framework applied to computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) literature and general guidelines are derived for the use of dynamic material and persistency tools in the design of CSCL environments.     

基于TCP/IP协议的全自动电饭煲远程控制系统设计

提出了一种全自动电饭煲远程控制系统的设计方案.采用精简的TCP/IP协议实现STC89C58RD+单片机与因特网络通信,STC89C58RD+单片机通过红外通信的方法控制全自动电饭煲.网站接受用户请求,网络程序处理与电饭煲微控制器之间的通信,微控制器实现对电饭煲的全自动控制.另外,在电饭煲原有的基础上,设计了储米、取米...     

The influence of self-esteem and locus of control on perceived email-related stress

Electronic mail has become an indispensable tool in business and academia, and personal use is increasing every day. However, there is also evidence that Email, unlike more traditional communication media, can exert a powerful hold over its users and that many computer users experience stress as a direct result of email-related pressure. This paper develops a three-fold typology of orientations to email: ‘relaxed’, ‘driven’ and ‘stressed’. It further investigates whether the personality traits of self-esteem and locus of control are associated with email-related stress. It finds that low self-esteem is associated with the ‘driven’ orientation. It further suggests that the ‘stressed’ orientation may be related to how distractive email is perceived to be, compared with other forms of communication.     

一种无中心无线网络协议栈的设计及实现

本文介绍了一种无中心无线网络系统的空中接口高层协议栈的设计及软硬件实现参考。本高层协议栈是依据现代通信协议的分层思想对传统协议栈进行重新设计,和传统协议栈相比协议层次更清晰,提高了组网的灵活性、增大了网络容量,并使得设备更加易于配置和管理。     

Character motion synthesis by principal component analysis and motion control interface by hands

In this paper, we propose an interactive character motion control interface that uses hands. Using their hands and fingers, the user can control a large number of degrees of freedom at the same time. We applied principal component analysis to a set of sample poses and assigned the extracted principal components to each degree of freedom of the hands (such as the hand positions and finger bending/extending angles). The user can control the blending weights of the principal components and deform the character's pose by moving their hands and bending/extending their fingers. We introduced pose and action controls, so that we can alter the standing pose and perform various actions with deformations. So that various types of actions were possible, we constructed a number of action models in advance. We introduced action model selection and action execution mechanisms. We developed methods for computing the feature vector, for applying principal component analysis, and for pose and action synthesis. In addition, we introduced a pose transition method for performing a step motion when necessary to prevent foot sliding. We present our experimental results and demonstrate the effectiveness of our interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The role of task analysis in capturing requirements for interface design

Recently, the role of task analysis in design has been brought into question. It has been argued, for example, that task analysis leads to the non-creative redesign of existing artefacts. In this paper. we offer a view of task analysis that resolves this problem. In particular, we argue that by focusing upon the analysis of user/operator goals rather than an existing task implementation, task analysis encourages novel and apt design. A reformulation of hierarchical task analysis is offered, based on the sub-goal template (SGT) scheme. The SGT scheme provides a notation for goal-oriented task analysis and defines an appropriate level at which task analyses can inform the design process without constraining it to existing task implementations. The SGT scheme is compared with the systems analysis-based design methodology SSADM and the advantages of each approach are reviewed.     

基于功率控制的无线传感器网络MAC协议研究

本文提出了一种无线传感器网络自适应功率控制MAC协议APC-SMAC。APC-SMAC协议首先通过建立基于最优邻居节点数的功率调度表,提高信道利用率,减少通信能耗,另一方面对干扰节点发送反馈帧控制其进入睡眠,从而提高了网络数据吞吐量,减少了网络延迟。实验结果表明该协议在网络吞吐量、网络时延和平均能耗上均有了较大的提高。     

工控物联网认证协议与密钥协商算法研究

随着物联网在工控领域发展的深入,终端设备的安全性显得尤为重要。文章以工控物联网为背景,研究了现有物联网认证协议与密钥协商算法所存在的问题,提出了基于工控物联网的轻量级双向认证协议和改进的McCullagh-Barreto密钥协商算法。该认证协议可为终端设备提供身份认证,密钥协商算法可为该认证协议的通信保驾护航,两者的完美结合保证了工控物联网环境的安全。     

Perceptual control and layered protocols in interface design: II. The general protocol grammar

Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a framework theory for psychology, based on the tenet “All behaviour is the control of perception.” Layered protocol theory (LPT) is PCT applied to the special case of communication between cooperating partners, each controlling their own perceptions and many levels of abstraction within a dialogue. This paper discusses some perceptual control processes that occur within a single dialogue level, in the form of a General Protocol Grammar that is asserted to be valid for every level of every dialogue. A companion paper is concerned with LPT applied to the design and analysis of human–machine interfaces.     

The role of the user's domain knowledge in generation

A question-answering program that provides access to a large amount of data will be most useful if it can tailor its answers to each individual user. In particular, a user's level of knowledge about the domain of discourse is an important factor in this tailoring if the answer provided is to be both informative and understandable to the user. In this research, we address the issue of how the user's domain knowledge, or the level of expertise, might affect an answer. We present TAILOR, a flexible computer system that takes into account this knowledge to provide an answer that is appropriate for users with varying levels of expertise (including novices and experts), without requiring an a priori set of user types.
Un programme qui donne accès à un système de connaissances à de nombreux et divers utilisateurs serait plus utile s'il pouvait adapter ses réponses pour chaque utilisateur. En particulier, le savoir de l'utilisateur est un facteur important pour que la réponse soit compréhensible et informative. Dans cet article, nous étudions le rle de la connaissance de l'utilisateur pour former un texte qui soit approprié pour la personne qui le lira. Nous présentons TAILOR, un système de génération flexible qui est sensitif au niveau de connaissance de l'utilisateur. TAILOR peut générer des textes appropries pour des utilisateurs aux niveaux de connaissances très variés, sans avoir besoin ďun groupe de stéréotypes définis a priori.     

Mind the gap: Impact on learnability of user interface design of authoring tools for teachers

Few teachers include information and communication technology in the classroom, despite their potential for increasing attention and motivation for students. Educational authoring tools are intended to turn teachers into designers and deliverers of technology-enhanced educational content, and increasing the adoption of these tools is a key element for speeding up this transformation. This paper emphasizes the importance of learnability for preventing rejection or abandonment by of such an authoring tool, and how acceptance is deeply affected by the interaction paradigm and the creation metaphor used in the tool. We present an analysis comparing two design paradigms: the widespread menu-based and choice-guided interaction paradigm versus a consistent metaphor with direct manipulation. The latter was implemented in DEDOS-Editor, a novel authoring tool that allows the creation of diverse educational activities that can be performed on different devices, such as PCs, digital blackboards, tablets, and multitouch surfaces. An experimental study shows the tremendous impact that interface choices have on the tool's learning curve. The results provide the first mapping of the choice of a direct-manipulation interface and its effect on the learning curve's entry point, as well as a consistent interaction metaphor with smoother and fast-growing learning curves. This allows users to complete more tasks and gain more knowledge through experience, in contrast to menu-based interfaces. The initial use of the tool is thus made easier for users with no experience or information about the tool, and the advantages of experience and expertize in facing new challenges are facilitating. This work also highlights the appropriateness of learning curves as a tool for measuring learnability.     

CAN应用层MWCPro协议在微波控制系统中的应用研究

针对现阶段大阵列磁控管控制系统存在的结构复杂、成本高等问题,提出了一种基于CAN总线的解决方案.该方案中自定义了CAN总线应用层协议MWCPro,该协议综合了国际上广泛采用的CANOpen、DeviceNet以及iCAN等应用层协议的优点,针对微波控制系统的特点所创建.阐述了MWCPro协议的报文结构、软硬件实现及其在...     

一种基于广播的cache一致性协议的设计和验证

在全互联的网络结构下,提出了一种基于广播的cache一致性协议的详细设计,使请求传输不再像目录协议中的那样,经过第三方中转,而是直接发给所有节点,由最新拥有副本者给出响应。对协议进行了分析证明,并建立了模型,通过模型检测工具NuSMV验证了协议的正确性。     

基于SPIN的远程证明协议的形式化分析及改进

远程证明是解决移动支付安全问题的有效手段之一。通过对可信计算远程证明协议进行分析,发现用户平台配置信息的隐私性、用户的认证性和远程验证者的认证性存在脆弱点,使用SPIN模型检测工具,应用模型检测方法对协议进行了形式化分析,检测出破坏性攻击漏洞。针对协议中的漏洞对协议进行改进,提出了一种基于用户属性加盐哈希的方法,通过用户属性保证协议的安全传输。最后使用SPIN检测改进后的协议,证明了改进方案的有效性、安全性,阻断了发现的攻击。