不同酸搀杂对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,苯胺为单体,不同酸的水溶液为溶剂,采用化学氧化法合成了聚苯胺。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)对制备的聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行了表征和分析。结果表明,不同酸掺杂的环境下,聚合而成的聚苯胺的结构和形貌存在一定的差异。     

双乳液制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料

本文采用改性Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,热还原得到石墨烯,采用双乳液方法制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料,利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、XRD衍射仪、XPS光电子能谱,SEM、TEM对石墨烯及石墨烯聚苯胺复合材料进行了结构和形貌表征。结果表明热还原得到的石墨烯具有良好的透光率,呈现均匀的皱褶层状结构,具有良好的片层结构。石墨烯与聚苯胺之间发生了化学键合,XPS显示聚苯胺掺杂度不高,但加入石墨烯后电导率明显增加,石墨烯与聚苯胺之间发生了协同作用。CV曲线表明双乳液制备的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料电容有所下降。     

富马酸掺杂聚苯胺的制备和表征

本文以过硫酸铵作为氧化剂,富马酸作为掺杂酸,采用化学氧化聚合方法合成了富马酸掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)。分别对富马酸掺杂聚苯胺的化学结构、热稳定性、粒径大小及分布、微观形貌和结晶性进行了表征分析。结果表明:所制备的富马酸掺杂聚苯胺为粒径均匀的纳米棒状结构,且具有良好的热稳定性和较好的结晶性。     

聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合物的制备与表征

采用化学聚合和乳液聚合两种方法制备聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合物。通过XRD、红外光谱、SEM、表面接触角测试、电导率测试、EIS等手段对复合材料的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:不同方法制备的聚苯胺包覆玻璃鳞片复合材料在结构、微观形貌和电导率上有较大差别,其中乳液法制备的复合材料,聚苯胺在玻璃鳞片载体上能够生长成较长的纤维,具有较高的结晶度,电导率高达2.281 S/cm。最后以之为导电填料,制备环氧防腐导电涂料,经研究表明其具有优异的导静电、防腐性能和机械性能。     

聚苯胺复合电极材料的研究

聚苯胺(PANI)作为一种导电高分子材料具有较高的比电容、良好的环境相容性以及易制得等优点在能源储存、传感器以及电磁屏蔽等领域有着广泛的应用前景。但是由于聚苯胺自身结构的原因传统化学法所制备的聚苯胺极易发生团聚从而造成聚苯胺分散性差的形貌,而这对聚苯胺用作超级电容器电极材料造成了不利的影响。因此对聚苯胺形貌的有效控制已经成为当前研究的重点。有鉴于此,本工作对ZIF-9进行热处理以及酸刻蚀,成功制备出了碳材料。并以其为PANI聚合反应基底以期望对PANI复合材料的形貌进行一定的控制。该方法制备的聚苯胺复合材料显示出一定的电化学性能。在当反应物浓度为0.05 M时达到最大放电比电容约为195 F·g~(-1)。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维的合成及其在环氧树脂中对Q235钢的防腐蚀性能

分别采用直接混合氧化法和界面聚合法在四种不同的无机酸体系中制备了聚苯胺纳米纤维。扫描电镜表征发现采用直接混合氧化法可以得到高品质的聚苯胺纳米纤维,且在硫酸体系中可以得到直径均匀,长度达几个微米的优异的纤维形貌;通过红外光谱和紫外光谱对聚苯胺产物进行结构表征显示所得产物为掺杂态聚苯胺。进一步,选择硫酸掺杂的聚苯胺与环氧树脂共混制备了复合涂层,电化学阻抗谱研究发现,聚苯胺的加入提高了环氧涂层对Q235钢的初始屏蔽保护效果,但浸泡后,保护效果迅速下降。     

钴离子掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能研究

采用一锅化学氧化聚合掺杂法制备了钴离子掺杂聚苯胺/石墨烯(PGC)复合材料,优化了Co2+与苯胺(An)的摩尔比,研究了与石墨烯(RGO)的复合对钴离子掺杂聚苯胺(Co2+-PANI)微观结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)对PGC复合材料的结构和形貌进行了...     

手性聚苯胺的合成及其手性识别研究

聚苯胺的空间螺旋结构使其具有一定的手性识别能力,因此在手性识别领域中倍受关注。综述了手性聚苯胺的7种制备方法及其形貌,以及它在手性识别领域的应用研究。     

声化学辅助聚苯胺的制备研究

以苯胺为单体、过硫酸铵为引发剂、盐酸为掺杂剂,在超声场作用下采用溶液聚合法制备了导电聚苯胺。以超声功率、超声时间、掺杂剂和引发剂用量为基础变量,研究了不同工艺条件对聚苯胺导电性能的影响,并用FTIR、XRD、SEM对聚苯胺进行了结构、形貌分析。结果表明:较高的超声功率可显著提高聚苯胺的电导率,但呈现一个先升高后降低的趋势。在超声功率为160~200 W、超声时间为6 h、nHCl/nAn=10.0、nAPS/nAn=1.0时制备的聚苯胺电导率最高。     

聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺的制备与性能概述

电致变色材料聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺通常有两种制备方法:化学聚合法和电化学聚合法,聚合物的结构和性质与其制备过程和制备方法密切相关,本论文列举了不同聚合方法的优缺点以及影响聚合成膜的条件。通过对聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺这两类聚合物的电致变色特性、电导率和溶解度的比较,分析了它们不同特性的产生原因以及改善这些性质所存在的问题,为有机电致变色材料的研究提供理论参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。